civil war and reconstruction chapters 11/12. *causes for: secession –states rights –fanaticism...
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Civil War and Reconstruction
Chapters 11/12
*Causes for:
• Secession– State’s rights– Fanaticism over slavery issue
misconceptions about Lincoln– Econ/ Cultural Sectionalism
• War – 7 – Fort Sumter
*ID States
• Border – MD– DEL– KY– Missouri– W Va
• Confederacy– SC 12/60
– Miss 1/61
– FL
– Ala– GA 2/61
– LA
– TEX
• Confederacy formed-2/61– VA 4/61
– ARK, TENN, NC 5/61
Union
Kansas
Calif.
Oregon
*ID: Adv/ Disadv of N/S• Categories
– Population– Geography– Agriculture– Industry– Transportation– Foreign Trade– Finances– Diplomacy– Military
• Leadership • Army• Navy
*Explain Early Strategies
• North• blockade • Control the Mississippi
River / split the Confederacy
• Capture Richmond
– South– Maintain military effort
over time– Threaten the north with
invasion– Avoid defeat
– Gain foreign support
*ID Theaters
W
E
S
T
EAST
SOUTH
*ID Military Phases:
• Early defeat 61-62– Shock
– stalemate
• Turning Point –July 1863– Grant in the West-Vicksburg– Gettysburg
• “War of Attrition” 64 / 65– Grant vs. Lee– Sherman
“Turning Point”
*the “shock and reality” of this war
• The Bull Run “picnic”
• Weapons Technology
• Offsetting strengths and weaknesses
*ID Major Battles• Bull Run 7/61 C• Forts Henry / Donelson 2/62 U• Shiloh 3/62 U• Peninsula Campaign 3/62 C• New Orleans 4/62 U• 7 Days Battle 6/62 C• Bull Run 2 8/62 C• Antietam * 9/62 ----• Fredricksburg 12/62 C• Chancellorsville 5/63 C• Gettysburg * 7/63 U• Vicksburg 7/63 U
11.4 *ID military “turning points” for the Union
July 1863Vicksburg Gettysburg-Siege -3 days - Lee ignores his own -control of Miss R strategy - D1- Seminary Ridge-Grant D2- Little Round Top D3- Cemetary Ridge
• ID Theme/ Setting of Gettysburg Address - dedication of cemetery and cause - Nov. 19 1863
READ IT !!!!!!!
11.4 *How did Sherman and Grant impact the war?
*** their tactics got Lincoln re-elected and won the war for the
union
• “Total War” - Sherman• “War of Attrition” - Grant
• “The Wilderness”
- Cold Harbor, Spotsylvania, Petersburg Siege
• “The March to the Sea”
- Tenn, Ga, SC, NC
Timeline for EP
• 9/1862 – Antietam, initial announcement
• 1/1863 – EP issued
• 7/1863 – Vicksburg and Gettysburg
• 11 / 1863 – Gettysburg Address
11.2 Describe the importance of the Emancipation Proclamation
• 9/62 decision after Antietam; in effect 1/1/63• declared slaves in the rebellious confederate
states to be free –to be liberated by US troops under AL’s command
• not in the border states ! – not in US controlled territory ! – LAWS would be needed for that
• has a symbolic purpose: it “ennobles” the war effort with “a cause” –becomes a crusade
• would discourage foreign support for the south• Lincoln and the north became “Liberators”• encourages freed slave support
11.2 / 11.3 *The War’s impact on Life and Politics
• Foreign aid – GB
• war failures –AL’s political popularity
• border states
• Internal Dissent– Habeas Corpus– Copperheads– Conscription Riots– Union military defeats
• McClellan
11.2 / 11.3
….there were other issues…. “things happening” – the civil war did not put a stop to other issues / problems for AL
***AL v. OBAMA ?????• Native American relations• Expansion west - RR’s - the Homestead Act - bank reform*** “political leadership” –advantage: NORTH
11.5 *Results of the Civil War
• Political• Secession is not an
option• War powers of the
president expanded• Reconstruction of the
gov’t and the country• Lincoln’s assassination • CW Amendments
13,14,15• Federal Gov’t is
supreme ; states’ rights concept is limited
• Econ• N / S
• Migration of people
• Sharecropping
Soc
Costs
-rebuilding
-lives
- $$$$
Abolition
“Jim Crow” & “The Segregated South” est.
12.1 *ID the Provisions of Each of the Reconstruction Plans
• Lincoln’s (12/1863)– Never seceded/ individual– Pardon power– Lenient
• Loyalty oath• 10%
• Congress’ Wade-Davis Bill (7/1864) –(pocket veto)
• Johnson’s (5/1865)– used pardon– Loyalty oath– Accepted southern states back who:
• Disowned secession • Repudiated Confed. debts• Ratified 13th A
• Conf. was conquered territory• 51 % -Loyalty oath• Congress would readmit - not the Pres.• Deterrence• Prevent state “Black Codes”• Provide aid – passed the Freedman’s Bureau Act
*How did Congress respond to AJ?• Describe AJ
• State re-enter under AJ’s plan 12 / 65• Feb / 1866 - Refused to seat southern reps.
• Resented new southern state gov’ts• Wade- Davis Bill (64)
– Radicals• Charles Sumner (S)
• Thaddeus Stevens (H)
RADICAL REPUBLICANS: against A Johnson• Infringing on the powers of Congress• Too lenient• Threat to Republican control• Abandon the blacks to state govt’s
?????????????
• Whose car wash are the southern states gonna have to go thru ????????
AJ’s future actions would push moderate Rep’s to the Radicals
The Republicans in Congress want:• To renew the FBA• To pass the CRA• drafted the 14th amendment
A Johnson fights against these measures and revokes Sherman’s orders (40 acres..)
* midterm elections of 1866
- Johnson campaigns against: the Republicans, the FBA, the CRA and the 14th A
Why were the mid-term elections of 1866 important?
• Nov. 1866• AJ campaigns against radical republican program >
CRA,FBA,14th A• Results of the midterm elections: - republican majorities in S and H of R--- radicals begin
to implement their reconstruction program: CRA,FBA,14th A, the Reconstruction Act (1867) - veto proof majority for republicans – AJ’s vetoes
would be met with overrides - impeachment attack on AJ begins with Congress
passing the Tenure of Office Act (1867)
Describe the Radical Plan
• Congress control; purge and deter• FBA ; CRA passed 1866• 14th A is drafted• Reconstruction Act – 1867
- 5 military districts
- conditions for troop removal: new elections; new state constitutions; ratify CW amendments
• want to Impeach Johnson – THEY SET A TRAP:
-Tenure of Office Act
12.2 * Summarize the South’s Economic Problems
• Loss of wealthy, state revenue
• Labor shortage• Wide spread debt• Landlessness• “King Cotton” is dead
• Responses– ↑ prod., ↑ taxes
• diversify
– Sharecropping• Crop lein
– Land redistribution
*ID Political Problems in the South
• Conflicting goals among Rep.’s in the south - scalawags - recruiting democrats into rep. gov’ts• Racism / discriminating state laws (Black Codes)• Need to rebuild infrastructure• Mistrust, opportunism
Responses• Radical Rep. legislation• Public works
*ID Social Problems
• White Denial• Separation / Segregation• Literacy• Racism, white violence
Responses• A/A Activity - Republican party
- Churches
• Migration
State “Readmitted”
Texas 1870Ark 1868LA 1868Miss 1870Ala 1868TN 1866GA 1870FLA 1868SC 1868NC 1868VA 1870
12.3 *Describe the Radically Reconstructed Southern State Gov’ts
The Negatives:
• Corruption supported by presence of federal troops
• “Carpetbag Gov’ts” : - ↑ spending, taxation, debt - resented (scalawag, carpetbaggers) and undermined by southern whites - ↑ Freedman rights policed by military
increased resentment
The Positives
• Reformed state constitutions ,more liberal• Removed voting qualifications, and office holding
qualifications• Encouraged Freedman participation at the state
and national level• Abolished debt imprisonment• Est. free public schools• Economic rebuilding
Freedman’s Bureau
Civil Rights of 1866
13, 14, 15Amendments
Reconstruction Act
1867
Enforcement Act
1870
Civil Rights ActOf 1875
Major Acts of Congress for Radical Reconstruction
12.3 *Explain the collapse of the Radical Republican gov’ts in the south
• Grant Scandals– 72 Election split
• Southern Resistance– Grant not aggressive
• Bank Panic 1873, Depression• Death of Radicals• Amnesty Act 1872• Freedman’s Bureau expired• Restrictive SC decisions• Racism - violence / KKK• 1876 Pres. election compromise
State “Readmitted” “Redeemed”
Texas 1870 1874
Ark 1868 1874
LA 1868 1877
Miss 1870 1876
Ala 1868 1874
TN 1866 1869
GA 1870 1871
FLA 1868 1877
SC 1868 1876
NC 1868 1870
VA 1870 1870
12.3 *ID Legacy of Reconstruction
• State Segregation Laws
installed in the name of State’s Rights
• Southern resentment:
- racism
- violence
• 14th Amendment
• The Modern Civil Rights Movement
12. Reconstruction Storyline
• Timeline Handout
A side
B side
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