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© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 1 1 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Small Cell Architecture
Patrice Nivaggioli
CSE, SP EMEAR
Dubrovnik, Croatia, South East Europe
20-22 May, 2013
Agenda • Small Cell Solution Overview
• Unified WLAN Access Network
• Intelligent Core
• Inter-Access Mobility
Addressing Exponential Growth of Traffic
3
Macro 2G/3G/4G
Business Community Consumer
Wi-Fi
Licensed
Ubiquitous
Coverage
High Bandwidth
Small Cells (Licensed/Unlicensed) is the answer to increase bpHz/m2
Overall Capacity Increase not Keeping Pace with Data Demand
1000
100
10
1
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Gro
wth
Source: Agilent
Spectrum
Macro
Capacity
18x
Growth
ATTRACTIVE
ECONOMICS
OF OFFLOAD
GROWTH IN
MOBILE DATA
LACK OF
SPECTRUM
WI-FI
UBIQUITOUS
IN DEVICES
BIG SHIFT
TO INDOOR
CONSUMPTIO
N
Small Cell Market Drivers
High-growth Wi-Fi opportunities
are attracting intense competition
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 5
Cisco’s Small Cell solutions for SPs • Flexible Radio Technology
Small Cells: Wi-Fi/Licensed/Converged APs to increase Coverage and Capacity
• Seamless Mobility
Next Generation Hotspots (NGH) transforms Wi-Fi resulting in mobile like authentication, roaming
• Common Service, Control
Cisco Mobile Packet Core (MPC) to monetize (policy, roaming, analytics, advertising, etc…)
• Access Agnostic Services
GTPv2/PMIPv6 architecture for IP service continuity across access networks (Wi-Fi/3G/4G)
Cisco 3G Small Cell for Aironet
Cisco Small Cell Architecture
Wireless Controller Cisco 8510
Small Cell Gateway
3G/4G Core
Subscriber/ MNO Gateway Cisco ASR1000
SON QNS POLICY
Cisco ASR 5x00
Cisco 3G Small Cells Enterprise and Home
Cisco Aironet Wi-Fi Indoor & Outdoor
Internet
PROVISIONING CISCO PRIME
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 7 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 7 7 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Unified WLAN Access
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 8
Management
Controllers
Access
Points
Mobility
Services
Prime
WLC
SP Wi-Fi Access Components
RF Intelligence Helps Service Providers Deliver High-Quality Service over Wi-Fi
ClientLink
• Up to 87% throughput improvement
• 20% range increase
• Tested & validated by
Beamforming: focusing RF energy
towards clients
CleanAir
• Automatically mitigate impact of
wireless interference
• Self-healing, optimization
• Network-wide visibility
Silicon-based spectrum analyzer
BandSelect
• Optimizes RF utilization
• Frees up 2.4GHz space for single band
clients
AP-assisted 5Ghz band selection
• Higher user density
10 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
What is Clientlink Technology?
Silicon-level intelligence that focuses DL RF energy (Beamforming) directly to 802.11a/g clients
Higher Signal Strength ► Higher Throughput (up to 85%)
Higher Signal Strength ► More Range (~20%)
w/o Clientlink w/ Clientlink
DL: Downlink
11 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
What is CleanAir Technology? Silicon-level intelligence to automatically mitigate the impact of
wireless interference, optimize network performance and reduce troubleshooting costs
Classification processed on Access Point
Interference impact and data sent to WLC for real-time action
WCS and MSE store data for location, history, and troubleshooting
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 12
600 Mbps
450 Mbps
802.11
1999 2003 2007
2 Mbps
11 Mbps
802.11b
54 Mbps
802.11ag
24 Mbps
300 Mbps
65 Mbps
802.11n
6900 Mbps
1300 Mbps
870 Mbps
290 Mbps
6900 Mbps
3500* Mbps
1730* Mbps
290 Mbps
2013
Wave 1
802.11ac
2014
Wave 2
802.11ac
* Assumes 160 MHz channel width is available and usable
802.11n 802.11ac
Band 2.4GHz & 5.0GHz 5.0GHz only
PHY Rate 65 Mbps – 600 Mbps 290 Mbps – 6.9 Gbps
MAC
Throughput 45 Mbps – 420 Mbps 194 Mbps – 4.8 Gbps
Spatial Streams 4 8
Modulation 64 QAM 256 QAM
Channel Width 20 or 40 MHz 20, 40, 80, *80+80, 160
MHz 1
Spatial
Streams
3
Spatial
Streams
8
Spatial
Streams
Key benefits:
• Increased speed
• Improved battery life
Gig
ab
it E
the
rne
t U
pli
nk
2 G
igab
it E
thern
et
Up
lin
ks
The move to 802.11ac
High density Wi-Fi for Connected Stadium Ability to scale to support extreme capacities
• Superbowl XLV had 942 indoor and outdoor Wi-Fi AP’s deployed around stadium
• Over 15,000 unique devices connected to the network
• High gain directional antennas used with beam width of 36 degrees used to provide small cell coverage
• With 3,000,000 sqft of coverage, average “cell size” approached 3000 sqft
Cisco 3G Small Cell Module for Aironet Power/Backhaul/Real Estate Solved
Rapid-deployment licensed small cell addition to SP Wi-Fi
Fully integrated, high performance, low cost 3G small cell for voice, data
and messaging services: • Reduced network costs and
operations with integrated design
• Reduced CapEx through reuse of Ethernet connection and power cabling
• Install, power-up and go with zero touch configuration
• Secure, carrier-grade 3G base station technology
• Standards-based, operating as Home Node B in the standard 3GPP Architecture for small cells, with the specified Iuh interface
Cisco 3600 Aironet
Cisco 3G Small Cell Module for
Aironet
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 15
RESIDENTIAL SMB ENTERPRISE MICRO CELL VENUE METRO CELL
POWER ≤20mW 7-13dBm
≤100mW 17-20dBm
≤250mW 20-24dBm
≤250mW 20-24dBm
≤2W 24-33dBm
≤5W 33-37dBm
USERS 4-8 Users 1 Node/site
8-16 Users 1 Node/Site
16-32+ Users 1-10,10+
Node/Site
16-32+ Users 1-10/10+
Node/Site
32-64+ Users 1 Node/Site
64-128 Users 1 Node/Site
ACCESS Closed Closed/Open Open/Hybrid Open Open Open
HAND OVER Hand Out Hand Out,
SC2SC Hand In/Out,
SC2SC Hand In/Out,
SC2SC Hand In/Out,
SC2SC Hand In/Out,
SC2SC
SON Distributed/Hy
brid Hybrid
Hybrid (w/ group mgmnt)
Hybrid (Macro
integration)
Hybrid (Macro
Integration)
BACKHAUL internet Internet/Mana
ged Internet/Mana
ged Internet/Mana
ged Internet
Other Other
PROVISIONING TR-069 TR-069 TR-069
(w/ group mgmnt)
TR-069 (w/ group mgmnt)
TR-069 Other
TR-069 Other
Hybrid (w/ group mgmnt)
GUEST PRESENCE GUEST ACCESS GUEST EXPERIENCE
Cisco Connected Mobile Experiences Three Stages to Engagement on WLAN
Mobile device detection, registration
Seamless, secure Wi-Fi onboarding
Location-based content and services
ENGAGE DETECT CONNECT
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 17
Which area did people spend time at? Peak times in the store? New or repeat customers?
Most frequently used paths in the venue % of shoppers who walk by without entering
Mobility Service Engine Analytics
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 18
Mobility Service Engine Mobile Billboard
Billboard Management Platform
WLAN
Guests inside Wi-Fi Hotspot Marketing Dept
New Web Browser
Experience
Value-added services first
then hyper local ads Real-time, Web-based,
Easy-to-use
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 19
Transforming Visitor Experience with Personalized, Managed Wi-Fi
Seamless Handoff from 3G/4G
to Wi-Fi Using AT&T WISPr
Client or HotSpot 2.0
Download Fernbank App
Local Services
50% DOWNLOAD COMPLETE Network Services Discovery
on the Device Local Services Discovery Application Downloaded
3G
Personalized Application JESSICA_
Personalized Tour Guide
Hi, I am Jack.
I’ll be your tour
guide today.
Hear that Roar? Context-Based Information
based on Visitor Location
View Note Card
You are now in the
Great Room. See how
the Giganotosaurus
lived millions of
years ago!
Continue
Turn by Turn navigation
based on Location
Please Follow
Route to find NatureQuest
Context-Based Information
based on Visitor Location
• Business Intelligence • Promotions • Analytics • Social Networking
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 20 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 20 20 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Intelligent Core Architecture
Cisco 3G Small Cell for Aironet
Cisco Licensed Small Cell and SP Wi-Fi Architecture
Wireless Controller Cisco 8510
Small Cell Gateway
3G/4G Core
Subscriber/ MNO Gateway Cisco ASR1000
SON QNS POLICY
Cisco ASR 5x00
Cisco 3G Small Cells Enterprise and Home
Cisco Aironet Wi-Fi Indoor & Outdoor
Internet
CISCO RMS PROVISIONING CISCO PRIME
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 22
Cisco SP Wi-Fi Architecture Overview Hotspots/Metro and Residential Wi-Fi
ISG
Internet
AAA / DB / HLR
WLC AP
CAPWAP
DHCP / DNS
SN
MP
/ S
OA
P
RADIUS / CoA
CMTS RG
Service Flow
Subscriber
Sessions
Subscriber
Services
SIGTRAN
Prime Infrastructure Mobility Service Engine
QNS Policy (AAA / PCRF / Portal)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 23
Cisco SP Wi-Fi Architecture Overview MPC/EPC Interworking
Internet
AAA / DB / HLR QNS Policy (AAA /
PCRF / Portal)
WLC AP
Prime Infrastructure Mobility Service Engine
CAPWAP
DHCP / DNS
SN
MP
/ S
OA
P
RADIUS / CoA
CMTS RG
Service Flow
iWAG
GGSN/PGW
GTPv1, PMIPv6, GTPv2*
ETHoGRE or PMIPv6
Subscriber
Sessions
Subscriber
Services
SIGTRAN
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 24
ASR5K Small Cell Gateway Combined SeGW/HNBGW • Integrated SeGW (Optional)
NAT and Firewall Traversal
Multiple authentication (X.509 & EAP-SIM/AKA)
DHCP or IP Pools for IP address allocation
• HNBGW Features
3GPP R9 Standard compliance (Iuh, Iu over IP or ATM)
Full idle and active mode mobility
Open/Closed/Hybrid access mode
Intelligent Paging
Iu Flex for multi CN connectivity
• Future Capabilities
3GPP R10 compliance
Feature integration (SGSN/GGSN, PDG)
Iurh Support
Presence/Location Service API (XMPP interface)
Enterprise integration
Intern
et
MSC
S/GGS
N
Internet
Iuh o
ver
IPS
ec
AAA
EMS
HNB
HLR
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 25
Small Cell Solution (SCS) 1.0 Reference Solution Architecture – Shipping Today
RMS
RAN
AP
Registration, Activation, Care: XML/HTTP
CAR
CNR
DCC
UI
Upload
Server
CMHS
BAC
Radio HW
Radio Stack
RMS Client (TR069, CMHS)
SP NMS
SP OSS
DMZ
LB/
SSL
Mgmt
over
TLS
TR-069
HTTP
XMPP
AAA / RADIUS
Whitelists
Alarms
& KPIs
DHCP
SeGW
HNB-GW
ASR 5000
NTP
Provided by
Operator
PMG
SP MSC IuCS
SP SGSN or
GGSN
IuPS
Iuh, CS, PS
Iuh,
CS, PS
Over
IPSec
Alarms
& KPIs Alarms
& KPIs Alarms
& KPIs
Femto
NMS
Prime Mobility
Prime
Central
Prime
Performance
Prime
Network
Firewall
ASR 5000 integrated SeGW/HNBGW
Multifunction platform: S/GGSN, LTE EPC, etc.
High capacity (up to 1Mios HNB per full chassis)
3GPP Compliance (Iuh, Iu-CS & -ps)
1:n Stateful redundancy
Open/Closed Mode
Full mobility
Prime Mobility for Fault, Performance, Configuration
Full AP Mgmt and Provisioning
TR-069 standard compliance
AP Software Download Mgmt
Northbound interface/API for OSS&BSS integration
Access Control list management
HNB status monitoring
Highly scalable and flexible architecture
Up to 16 active Users
Closed/Open access
HDPA (14.4 Mbps/5.7Mbps)
Iuh protocol
Interference monitoring
Configurable output power (max 24dBm/250mW)
Several form factors:
Consumer Access Point
Enterprise Access Point
Integrated Wi-Fi/Femto
Cisco Prime for Mobility
Cisco Prime
Central Cisco Prime
Network Cisco Prime
Infra*
NBI
Meeting the Mobile Network and Service Requirements of Both Today and Tomorrow
Cell Site, RAN Backhaul, Evolved Packet Core, Data Center
Cisco Prime
Performance Manager
Quantum Network Suite for Policy A Policy Platform for Network Service Innovation
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 28
Source: O2 UK in Small Cells Summit,
London June 2012
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 29
Source: O2 UK in Small Cells Summit,
London June 2012 cSON: a mandatory requirement for Small Cells
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 30
Cisco SON Use Cases
Synchronization and Coordination
Self Organization Self Optimization Self Healing
Automatic
Neighbor
Relations
-
ANR
Load
Balancing
& Traffic
Shaping
-
DLB
Automatic
Parameter
Organization
(Plug & Play)
-
APO
Coverage &
Capacity
Optimization
and
Interference
management
-
DIM
Radio-aware
traffic
management
-
RATM
Mass Event
Handling
-
MEH
Mobility
robustness
optimization
-
MRO
Macro cells Small cells Core Network
Multi-Vendor API
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 31 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 31 31 © 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Inter-Access Mobility
Inter-Access Mobility Requirements Overview • Multiple Interface on UE and Connection Management
- Requires Network functions like HS20 and ANDSF
- Requires Device functions like Connection Manager
• Fast Roaming - To be further investigated in standards for Residential (Fast Re-authentication with Key sharing)
• IP session persistency - Requires DSMIPv6 or MIPv4 client in client based approach
- For Network Localized Mobility
- It requires a Virtual IP intf. on the UE which hides the Mutiple Intf. to the applications
- It requires a Common IP Anchor for the Session like a PGW
- For 3G – WiFi, it requires S4 SGSN model and LTE capable devices
• IP Flow Mobility - Traffic Class to segregate Flows on different interface (upstream) and networks
(downstream)
- Not available on UE today
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 33
History of SP Wi-Fi Authentication
802.11
Apple
Airport
Web
Auth
WISPr
1.0
Apple
iPhone
WISPr
2.0 HS2.0
1997 1999 2003 2007 2010 2011
TRUSTED WI-FI
NETWORK 802.1x/802.11i 3G Offload
EAP-FAST
EAP-SIM
EAP-TLS
802.1x
802.11i
UNTRUSTED WI-FI NETWORK Web-Based Auth/No Encryption
Mostly Hotspot Side Business
Web-Logon WISPr
MAC based TAL
Portal
Page
Auto
Portal
Page
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 34
HS20 Sample Scenario
Hotspot 2.0
Client
Regular
Client
• Manual Setup
1. Power-on or unlock the phone
2. Select Wi-Fi network (vulnerable to rogue AP)
3. Go to Webauth
4. Browse webpage and enter right credential, usually ID/PWD
5. Choose roaming plan
6. Start Internet
• Automatic Setup
1. Power-on or unlock the phone
2. Handset automatically validates network and initiates connection.
Makes Wi-Fi easy-to-use and secure like 3G cellular
802.11u enabled network is compatible with non-11u devices!
Can you tell me your
network info?
Before I associate?
Yes! Here it is:
PLMN ID: {208, 00}
EAP Method = EAP-SIM
Domain Name (hotspot operator’s FQDN = Fully Qualified Domain Name)
NAI Realm / 3GPP Cellular Info
HS2.0 Info
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 35
Cisco Access Policy Control (c-ANDSF)
Stadium/
Hotspot
Femto Cell
3G/4G
Macro Site
IP
Backhaul
eWAG/ePDG
SGW/PGW/MME
SP
Services Internet
Mobile Packet Core
AAA OCS
PCRF
HSS
SPR
S14
c-ANDSF
• Best user experience for smart phones and tablets including non-SIM devices
• Network controlled access selection including QoS considerations
• Simple policies based on location, time of day, user status and available networks
• Bi-directional and efficient S14 interface
• Intelligent client
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 36
Inter Access Mobility S2a based Example
PGW eNodeB SGW /MME
PMIPv6 or GTPv2 GTPv2
CAPWAP
WLC AP
iWAG
WLC AP
CAPWAP
FS
R
FS
R
MA
PC
ON
, IF
OM
, S
essio
n
Pe
rsis
ten
cy
Intra-Access Mobility Inter-Access Mobility
WLAN AAA
HSS
SWx
S6b
SWa
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 37
Inter Access Mobility S2b based Example
PGW eNodeB SGW /MME
PMIPv6 or GTPv2 GTPv2
AP
ePDG
AP
MA
PC
ON
, IF
OM
, S
essio
n
Pe
rsis
ten
cy
Inter-Access Mobility
Untrusted Wi-Fi Access
IKEv2/IPSEC tunnel WLAN AAA
HLR
SWx
S6b
SWm
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 38
Dynamic selection of PGW
WAG
AAA
SGW/MME/SGSN
HSS PGW
3GPP to Wi-Fi
S6a/S6d STa
SWx S6b
• HSS knows which PGW is the UE PDN anchored. This was provided by SGSN/MME
• Upon ACCESS AUTHO REQ from the WAG, the AAA provides the allocated PGW with the corresponding PDN info to the WAG, after querying the HSS that provides that information as part of the UE Subscriber data, providing also the MN-NAI to use in the PBU
• PGW updates AAA using AUTHO REQ and the AAA does the same with the HSS
WAG
AAA
SGW/MME/SGSN
HSS PGW
Wi-Fi to 3GPP
S6a/S6d STa
SWx S6b
• HSS knows which PGW is the UE PDN anchored. This was provided by PGW.
• During the Attach Procedure, the MME will perform a LU and SDR where the UE PDN Subscription information is provided.
• UE dependencies as this has to set Handover Indication FLAG.
WLC
Converged LTE/Wi-Fi Architecture Vision Integrated Licensed and Un-licensed
SAE
GW:
LTE
Trusted
Wi-Fi
SON
D-SON
C-SON
Server
ANDSF
& CSG
Server
HetNet
Policy &
Charging
Cisco © Universal Small Cell Converged Gateway
HeNB
MME
HeNB
GW
S1-u
S1-MME/IPSec S11
LTE
Security
WTP S2-u
CAPWAP/DTLS S2-c
802.11
Security
Internet
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 40
Thank you.
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