chronicle the victories and defeats for the usa and gb during the war of 1812chronicle the victories...

• Chronicle the victories and defeats for the USA and GB during the War of 1812

• Judge the conclusion of the War of 1812 for the USA

• USA leading up to the war• 5 Stages/Parts of the war• Conclusion = Treaty of Ghent

a. Nationalism Low– Country divided on War

b. Military unprepared– Small Army & Navy…– Generals too old or too young

c. Missing…– Central Bank– Infrastructure…who told us to

build it up years ago?

Who played a part in this war?

• In some chronological order they are…a. Amerind

battlesb. Canadac. Chesapeaked. Naval

Battles & Blockade

e. Louisiana

• Winner = • Indian Federation falls

– Tecumseh (hero in Canada) dies in battle in 1813

– Andrew Jackson beats Creek Indians in the Creek War in the South (1814)

• Winner (USA) gets?– Ability to expand more

easily West• American Expansion

• Who wins?• Canadians

fight w/LOTS of Nationalism

• USA invades first– Poor tactics &

coordination– USA burns

“Toronto”• GB will have

payback…

• British Canada invades NY–Battle of

Lake Champlain• Miracle win

for USA to push the British out of the USA

• British land in Aug, 1814…– No more Napoleon to worry

about (Elba)• Easily beat US army

– Most of it was not there…• Burned Capitol Building,

White House, Library of Congress

• Madison flees gun fire• Hurricane & Tornado

Who wins?

• Bankrupt doesn’t free Jennings (Daniel Webster buys 1844) • Jennings joins abolitionist movement (3 sons fight in Civil War)

White House

Capitol Building

• Battle at Fort McHenry (Baltimore)• Americans fight off British invasion of Baltimore

One Consolation

↑ Francis Scott Key

• “The Defence of Fort McHenry”

• Becomes “Star Spangled Banner”

• 1916 recognized by President

• 1931 – Official National Anthem

• Flag is in the Smithsonian in Washington DC

• Winner?• British Navy =

–800 Man of Wars… but…

• USA Navy = –16 (small, but built well,

good firepower and bigger crews)

–500 Privateers • Major Naval

Battles?• 1 out of 6 US sailors

was…– Black…why?

Not really

Aye tear her tattered ensign downlong has it waved on high,And many an eye has danced to seeThat banner in the sky;Beneath it rung the battle shout,And burst the cannon's roar;--The meteor of the ocean airShall sweep the clouds no more.

Her deck, once red with heroes' blood,Where knelt the vanquished foe,When winds were hurrying o'er the flood,And waves were white below,No more shall feel the victor's tread,Or know the conquered knee;--The harpies of the shore shall pluckThe eagle of the sea!

Oh, better that her shattered hulkShould sink beneath the wave;Her thunders shook the mighty deep,And there should be her grave;Nail to the mast her holy flag,Set every threadbare sail,And give her to the god of storms,The lightning and the gale!'

• Who is hurt the most by the – Northeast

(Merchants & fisherman)• What will the

Northeast do (2 things) during the war? We’ve seen it before!

• Is the USA raising enough $$$?

• Winner? ↑• GB sends 3rd major

force to N.O.• GB = 11K (25K feared)• USA = 4K (400 Free

Blacks, some Indians too!!)

• Jackson shines– Prepares for the worst– “By the Eternal, they shall

not sleep on our soil”• Jan 8, 1815…diagram

–GB casualties?–USA casualties?

• This battle was 2 weeks after the Treaty of Ghent…why was there still fighting?

Biggest winner of N.O.?

• Treaty of Ghent (Belgium) in 1814 ends the war– GB is broke (so are we!!)– Negotiations go quickly from

August to Christmas 1814– USA led by John Quincy

Adams and Henry Clay

• Before NY & Baltimore news came– Control of

Great Lakes– Indian buffer

states in North

– Big piece of Maine

• A virtual draw• Armistice with almost

no changes made– No major territorial

changes– Status quo

w/Amerinds– Status quo in Atlantic

Ocean & Great Lakes– Impressment not

formally cancelled but GB stops doing it anyway

a. Americans reaction to the Treaty of Ghent?– Americans expected to lose land– New slogan “Not one inch of Territory Ceded or

Lost!!”• Old Slogan “On to Canada”

– Americans called the war…

• Andrew Jackson (Battle of New Orleans) became a national hero

• Ended the war on a high note for Americans

• “What is our present situation? Respectability and character abroad – security and confidence at home.”– Henry Clay (War Hawk)

• “The peace now brought about an entirely new and a most interesting state of things: it opened us to other prospects and suggested other duties. We ourselves were changed, and the whole world was changed.”– Daniel Webster (Federalist)

What the heck

am I talking about here?

• The Good– Increased Nationalism…– Clarity on the “Big Boy

Pants” gap– US Industries stimulated…

• The Bad– Increased Debt

• USA almost goes bankrupt from this war

• Only time in our history that we default on our loans!

a. Demands– 3/5 Compromise

eliminated when counting population

– 2/3rd vote from Congress to add a state

– 60-day limit on embargos– 2/3rd vote from Congress

to declare war– 1-term Presidencies– No back-to-back

Presidents from the same state

• Radical Federalists even threatened to secede (overruled by the Moderates, but the damage was done)

• Grievances became public right after New Orleans–Now how

do they look?