chronicle the victories and defeats for the usa and gb during the war of 1812chronicle the victories...
TRANSCRIPT
• Chronicle the victories and defeats for the USA and GB during the War of 1812
• Judge the conclusion of the War of 1812 for the USA
• USA leading up to the war• 5 Stages/Parts of the war• Conclusion = Treaty of Ghent
a. Nationalism Low– Country divided on War
b. Military unprepared– Small Army & Navy…– Generals too old or too young
c. Missing…– Central Bank– Infrastructure…who told us to
build it up years ago?
Who played a part in this war?
• In some chronological order they are…a. Amerind
battlesb. Canadac. Chesapeaked. Naval
Battles & Blockade
e. Louisiana
• Winner = • Indian Federation falls
– Tecumseh (hero in Canada) dies in battle in 1813
– Andrew Jackson beats Creek Indians in the Creek War in the South (1814)
• Winner (USA) gets?– Ability to expand more
easily West• American Expansion
• Who wins?• Canadians
fight w/LOTS of Nationalism
• USA invades first– Poor tactics &
coordination– USA burns
“Toronto”• GB will have
payback…
• British Canada invades NY–Battle of
Lake Champlain• Miracle win
for USA to push the British out of the USA
• British land in Aug, 1814…– No more Napoleon to worry
about (Elba)• Easily beat US army
– Most of it was not there…• Burned Capitol Building,
White House, Library of Congress
• Madison flees gun fire• Hurricane & Tornado
Who wins?
• Bankrupt doesn’t free Jennings (Daniel Webster buys 1844) • Jennings joins abolitionist movement (3 sons fight in Civil War)
• Battle at Fort McHenry (Baltimore)• Americans fight off British invasion of Baltimore
One Consolation
↑ Francis Scott Key
• “The Defence of Fort McHenry”
• Becomes “Star Spangled Banner”
• 1916 recognized by President
• 1931 – Official National Anthem
• Flag is in the Smithsonian in Washington DC
• Winner?• British Navy =
–800 Man of Wars… but…
• USA Navy = –16 (small, but built well,
good firepower and bigger crews)
–500 Privateers • Major Naval
Battles?• 1 out of 6 US sailors
was…– Black…why?
Not really
Aye tear her tattered ensign downlong has it waved on high,And many an eye has danced to seeThat banner in the sky;Beneath it rung the battle shout,And burst the cannon's roar;--The meteor of the ocean airShall sweep the clouds no more.
Her deck, once red with heroes' blood,Where knelt the vanquished foe,When winds were hurrying o'er the flood,And waves were white below,No more shall feel the victor's tread,Or know the conquered knee;--The harpies of the shore shall pluckThe eagle of the sea!
Oh, better that her shattered hulkShould sink beneath the wave;Her thunders shook the mighty deep,And there should be her grave;Nail to the mast her holy flag,Set every threadbare sail,And give her to the god of storms,The lightning and the gale!'
• Who is hurt the most by the – Northeast
(Merchants & fisherman)• What will the
Northeast do (2 things) during the war? We’ve seen it before!
• Is the USA raising enough $$$?
• Winner? ↑• GB sends 3rd major
force to N.O.• GB = 11K (25K feared)• USA = 4K (400 Free
Blacks, some Indians too!!)
• Jackson shines– Prepares for the worst– “By the Eternal, they shall
not sleep on our soil”• Jan 8, 1815…diagram
–GB casualties?–USA casualties?
• This battle was 2 weeks after the Treaty of Ghent…why was there still fighting?
Biggest winner of N.O.?
• Treaty of Ghent (Belgium) in 1814 ends the war– GB is broke (so are we!!)– Negotiations go quickly from
August to Christmas 1814– USA led by John Quincy
Adams and Henry Clay
• Before NY & Baltimore news came– Control of
Great Lakes– Indian buffer
states in North
– Big piece of Maine
• A virtual draw• Armistice with almost
no changes made– No major territorial
changes– Status quo
w/Amerinds– Status quo in Atlantic
Ocean & Great Lakes– Impressment not
formally cancelled but GB stops doing it anyway
a. Americans reaction to the Treaty of Ghent?– Americans expected to lose land– New slogan “Not one inch of Territory Ceded or
Lost!!”• Old Slogan “On to Canada”
– Americans called the war…
• Andrew Jackson (Battle of New Orleans) became a national hero
• Ended the war on a high note for Americans
• “What is our present situation? Respectability and character abroad – security and confidence at home.”– Henry Clay (War Hawk)
• “The peace now brought about an entirely new and a most interesting state of things: it opened us to other prospects and suggested other duties. We ourselves were changed, and the whole world was changed.”– Daniel Webster (Federalist)
What the heck
am I talking about here?
• The Good– Increased Nationalism…– Clarity on the “Big Boy
Pants” gap– US Industries stimulated…
• The Bad– Increased Debt
• USA almost goes bankrupt from this war
• Only time in our history that we default on our loans!
a. Demands– 3/5 Compromise
eliminated when counting population
– 2/3rd vote from Congress to add a state
– 60-day limit on embargos– 2/3rd vote from Congress
to declare war– 1-term Presidencies– No back-to-back
Presidents from the same state
• Radical Federalists even threatened to secede (overruled by the Moderates, but the damage was done)
• Grievances became public right after New Orleans–Now how
do they look?
