chp 13 notes - eastern europe & western russia...chapter 13 eastern europe & western russia:...
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Chapter13EasternEurope&WesternRussia:
Recoveringfromwar,communism,genocide,and“unfortunategeography”
(Pg.393-420)
Lesson1:PhysicalGeographyofEasternEurope&WesternRussia
Pg.396-401
Landforms&WaterwaysofE.Europe&W.Russia
• Thisregioniscoveredmostlybyfertileplainsorsteppe (flat,drierland),surroundedbyuplands(highelevation)andseas.
o Veryfewnaturalbordersinthenorthtopreventmovement
• ThemainseasaretheBaltic,Adriatic,Ionian,Black,andCaspian.
Poland:“Ifyoucannotpreventyourenemiesfromswallowingyou,atleastpreventthemfrom
digestingyou.”• BeinglocatedinEasternEuropepresentsbenefitsandchallenges:o Good:o Bad:
Climates • Liesinthemiddlelatitudes&northintotheArcticCircleo North– Subarctic
§ Long,coldwintersandshort,coolsummers.
o Central- Humidcontinentalclimate§ warm,rainysummers&cold,snowywinters
o South(Albania&Macedonia)- Mediterraneanclimate§ hot,drysummersandmild,rainywinters
• ManyportsontheBalticSea&PacificOceanarefrozenduringpartoftheyearo ColdesttemperatureinRussia:-94°F
NaturalResources
• AlthoughRussiaisthelargestcountryintheworld,onlyone-sixthofitslandissuitableforagriculture.
• Morethanone-fifthoftheworld'sforestsareinRussia,butthecountry'sclimatecausestreestogrowslowly.
• Russia,Poland,andRomaniahavevastnaturalresources.
Lesson2:HistoryofEasternEuropeandWesternRussia
Pg.402-409
EarlyHistory• TimePeriod:AD400-1600• Government:– earlycivilizationsfoundedbySlavs– themostcommonethnicgroupintheregiontoday• Largestgroup- Kievan Rus,basedinKiev(inpresent-dayUkraine)
• Economy:– agriculture
• DailyLife:– invadedbytheMongolsin1200s– Christianity(EasternOrthodox)wasbroughttotheregion
CzaristRussia• TimePeriod:1533-1917• Government:
– powerfulRussianczars (kings)thattookovermuchofEasternEurope• IvantheTerrible- 1st czarofRussiain1533• PetertheGreat– modernizedinthelate1600s• CatherinetheGreat– expanded&modernizedinthe
1700s
• Economy:– poorserfs (farmlaborerswhoweretiedtoland
likeslaves)workedonlandownedbytherich
• DailyLife:– 1812 invasionbyFranceandNapoleonBonaparte– greatwealthforczars&nobles,crushingpoverty
formostothers– WorldWarIledtoincreasedmiseryforpoor
Russians,sotheyoverthrewtheczar
TheCommunistSovietUnion• TimePeriod:1917-1991• Government:– theSovietUnion- 15republicsunderthecontrolofaCommunistpartyledbydictators• VladimirLenin– founderoftheSovietUnion• JosephStalin– crueldictatorthatindustrialized&modernizedthecountry
• MikhailGorbachev– allowedsocial&economicreformsthatledtothefalloftheUnion
• Economy:– communist – governmentownseverything,socollectivized agriculture&developedheavyindustry,butspentmostmoneyonweapons
TheCommunistSovietUnion
• DailyLife:– noreligionorfreespeechallowed– participationinWWIIresultedin20milliondeaths– ColdWartensionandnucleararmsracewiththeUSA
– resistancetoSovietcontrolbyEasternEuropeancountries
Post-Communist EasternEurope&Russia• TimePeriod:1991-present• Government:– democraticconstitutionswereadoptedinallofthe15republics&presidentshavebeenelected• Russia:BorisYeltsin(1st)&VladimirPutin(current)
• Economy:– capitalist,butstrugglingtoconverttolightindustry(consumergoods)
• DailyLife:– shortagesofsupplies,utilities&jobs– adistrustofRussiafromEasternEurope– conflict,bloodshed,andthedivisionofYugoslaviaintheBalkanPeninsula
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