child growth and development authors: diane e. …fanconij.faculty.mjc.edu/103 ch 1 papalia...

Child Growth and Development Authors: Diane E. Papalia,

Ruth Duskin Feldman

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Child Development 103 Instructor: Jeanette Fanconi, M.A.

Cell phone: 678-6889

Email: jaj0529@aol.com

Book needed: “A Child’s World: Infancy through Adolescence” the 12th edition.

Directions: Complete this thought ….Child Development is?

“A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step.” ~Lao Tzu: Chinese Philosopher

What will happen today? Roll

Icebreaker Activities

Read and go through the syllabus

Introduction of the Instructor

Mini Lecture on: Child Development and it’s history.

In class activities

Services and Programs To Promote Student Success

http://www.mjc.edu/general/president/Accreditation/recommendation1/studentservicesprogramsandservicesbinder2.pdf

Child development Scientific study of change and stability from

conception through adolescence

Stability Consistent behaviors or characteristics that

persist across time and situations.

John Locke: English philosopher, forerunner of behaviorism, 1600’s Saw infant as “blank slate”

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: French philosopher, 1700’s Saw infant as “innately good”

Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 1800’s Originated idea of evolution Species develop through natural selection, survival of

the fittest, adaptation to the environment

G. Stanley Hall, late 1800’s Father of child study, first to write about adolescence

Alfred Binet, French psychologist, late 1800’s First intelligence test

John Dewey, American philosopher, 1900’s First to study children in their social

environment

James Mark Baldwin, American psychologist, 1900’s Established journals and university

psychology departments, interaction of nature and nurture

Maria Montessori, Italian physician, 1900’s Early childhood education Based on self-chosen activities In carefully prepared environment Tasks go simple to complex

Maria Montessori

John B. Watson, American psychologist, 1900’s Father of behaviorism

Humans are trainable

Arnold Gesell, American psychologist, 1900’s Normative changes

Interdependence of domains of development

John B. Watson

Shifts in knowledge reflect progress in understanding

Reflect changing technology New, sensitive instruments to measure behaviors such as

eye movements

New tests, brain imaging, MRI

Basic Research gives us information about specific aspects of development without worrying about how the information can be used in “real-life.”

Applied Research sets out to apply that basic research in order to help solve problems in a practical way.

1. Domains of Development -

Physical: Growth of body and brain, sensory capacities,

and motor skills

Cognitive: Mental abilities, such as learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

Psychosocial: Personality, emotions, and social relationships

All interrelated, all affect each other

2. Periods of development Social construction: shared idea accepted by society

Adolescence

Prenatal—the time from conception to birth

Infancy—the period from birth to 18–24 months

Early childhood—the period that extends from the

end of infancy to about 5–6 years of age

Middle and late childhood—the period that extends

from about 6 to 11 years

Adolescence—the period from about 10–12 years to about 18–22 years

Individual differences: Differences among children in characteristics, influences, or developmental outcomes.

Heredity, Environment, and Maturation.

Inherited characteristics

Environmental factors

Contexts of Development

1. Family Nuclear family

Two-generational kinship, economic, and household unit

Two biological parents and their biological, adopted, and/or stepchildren

Extended family

Multigenerational kinship network of grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc.

Contexts of Development…Continued

2. Socioeconomic status (SES): Combination of economic and social factors describing an individual family, including income, education, and occupation.

Risk Factors: Conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative developmental outcome.

3. Culture and Race/Ethnicity

Culture: A society’s or group’s total way of life including customs, traditions, laws, knowledge, beliefs, values, language, and physical products.

Ethnic group: Group united by ancestry, race,

religion, language, and or national origins, all of which contribute to a sense of shared identity.

Race: Once viewed as a biological category; now a social

construct. Ethnic gloss:

August 28,2013 Good Morning!

Please hang on to your “Personal Development” papers for discussion.

You will need a scantron this morning.

We will be taking a “Reading Check” over Chapters 1 this morning.

Quote of the day: Happy are those who dream dreams and are ready to pay the price to make

them come true. ~ Leon J. Suenes

Contexts of Development…Continued Normative and Nonnormative Influences

Normative age-graded influences

Normative history-graded influences Historical generation

Cohort

Nonnormative Unusual events that have a major impact on individual

lives, e.g. winning the lottery

Contexts of Development…Continued Timing of Influences: Critical or Sensitive Periods

Imprinting

Critical period Controversial: Sensitive periods may be more useful

Plasticity

An Emerging Consensus All domains of development are interrelated

Normal development includes a wide range of individual differences within the general processes all children follow as they develop

An Emerging Consensus… Continued Children Help Shape Their Own Development and

Influence Others’ Responses to Them

Historical and Cultural Contexts Strongly Influence Development

An Emerging Consensus… Continued Early Experience Is Important, but Children Can Be

Remarkably Resilient

Development in Childhood Is Part of Development Throughout the Life Span

Studying the Life Course: Growing Up in Hard Times What major cultural event in

your lifetime shaped the lives of families and children?

Is there a critical period for language acquisition?

Victor, the Wild Boy of Aveyron, 1800

Found around 12 years of age, possibly abandoned

Itard studied him for 5 years, sensory awareness, socialization,

emotional training, moral and social behavior, language, thought

Never learned to speak

Remained focused on wants and needs

Genie, 1970

Abusive father, malnourished , no bowel control, two words: her

name and sorry

National Institute of Mental Health researchers

Never learned normal language

Abusive foster homes, regressed into total silence

“Children are human beings to whom respect is due,

superior to us by reason of their innocence and of

the greater possibilities of their future.”

Maria Montessori