chapter 8: the renaissance in italy. the renaissance spirit in italy renaissance – it literally...

Chapter 8: The Renaissance in Italy

The Renaissance Spirit in Italy

• Renaissance– It literally means rebirth.– The term applied to the relearning of the Greek

and Roman humanities.

The Renaissance Spirit in Italy

• Patronage & the Italian City-States– Florence– Milan– Venice– The Papal States– The Kingdom of Naples

The Renaissance Spirit in Italy

• Patronage & the Italian City-States– The de Medici of Florence• The most prolific family in

the contribution to the arts.• Under Lorenzo de Medici the

Italian Renaissance reached its high point.

The Renaissance Spirit in Italy

• Patronage & the Italian City-States– Roman History• The concept of civic humanism came from the ideals of

the Roman Republic.• Also Stoicism played a role in the advancement of self-

interest for the benefit of the civic good.

The Early Renaissance

• Art– Filippo Brunelleschi• Deemed the greatest

architect of all the Renaissance.• His masterpiece was the

dome bearing his name built on the Pazzi chapel.

The Early Renaissance

• Art– Tommaso di Giovanni (aka

Masaccio)• The first artist to truly perfect

the use of perspective.

The Early Renaissance

• Art– Tommaso di Giovanni (aka Masaccio)• Atmospheric Perspective is accomplished by the

blurring of depth.• Linear Perspective is accomplished by the shrinking of

images to achieve depth.

The Early Renaissance

• Art– Sandro Botticelli• He began using classical

mythology with Christian symbology.

The Early Renaissance

• Art– Sandro Botticelli

The Birth of Venus

The Early Renaissance

• Music– It was believed that a closer link between music

and poetry should occur while imitating the ancients.

The Early Renaissance

• Music– Madrigal • It was a song set in four parts with each part performed

by one singer.• It was a poem with no repeating stanzas or refrains.

The Early Renaissance

• Music– Word Painting• The concept represented the

musical depiction of a text’s meaning.• It was inspired by Petrarch’s

love of poetry.

Petrarch

The Early Renaissance

• Sculpting– Donatello• He is credited with

reinventing the freestanding nude in the classical style.

The Early Renaissance

• Sculpting– Donatello

David

The Early Renaissance

• Sculpting– Michelangelo Buonarroti• He is considered

Donatello’s greatest revival.

The Early Renaissance

• Sculpting– Michelangelo

Buonarroti• He excelled in nearly

every artistic medium.

David

The Early Renaissance

• The Fall of Florence– Savonarola• He was a monk who attacked the pagan pleasure

seekers of Florence, making himself a morality dictator.• His high point became known as the “Bonfire of the

Vanities” in which all vices, including the arts, were publically burned.

Renaissance Genius

• Niccolo Machiavelli– He wrote the work, The

Prince, in honor of Lorenzo de Medici.

– It was a how to run the government taking a secular (non-religious) viewpoint.

Renaissance Genius

• Leonardo da Vinci– Commonly regarded as

the “Renaissance Man.”– He excelled in the arts,

mathematics, and the sciences.

Renaissance Genius

• Leonardo da Vinci– His only rival artistically

was Michelangelo.– His creation of the classical

triangle became a staple of Renaissance painting.

– His use of sfumato, the blurring of outlines, also became a common practice.

The High Renaissance

• The epicenter of the High Renaissance was Rome.

The High Renaissance

• Josquin des Prez– Regarded as the greatest

composer of the age.– He merged northern

European polyphony with Italian chordal harmonies.

– He popularized imitation, melody that is duplicated by succeeding voices.

The High Renaissance

• Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio)– He became the chief artist

for the papacy.

The High Renaissance

• Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio)– His most famous work was the School of

Athens.

The High Renaissance

• Michelangelo in Rome– He was also brought in by the papacy.

The High Renaissance

• Michelangelo in Rome– The painting of the Sistine Chapel was one of the

hi-lights of his work.

The High Renaissance

• The Reconstruction of St. Peter’s Chapel– The Players all contributed designs for the chapel.• Bramante• Sangallo• Michelangelo

Bramante Sangallo Michelangelo

The High Renaissance

• The Reconstruction of St. Peter’s Chapel– Carlo Maderno, in 1606,

combined the plans, keeping true to the Greek cross design originally proposed by all of the original architects.