chapter 8 aspect of connected speech

CHAPTER 8:CHAPTER 8:

ASPECTS OF CONNECTED ASPECTS OF CONNECTED

SPEECHSPEECH

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RHYTHM1

ASSIMILATION2

ELISION3

LINKING4

1. RHYTHM

1. RHYTHM1. RHYTHM

Rhythm of heart-beat

THE RHYTHMTHE RHYTHM

1.1 Definition:

Rhythm is an event happening at regular internals of time

1.2 The rhythm: The rhythm of speech is the regular occurrence of stressed

syllable at regular internals of time

Example: 1. He ar’rived ‘six o’clock

2. ‘Walk ‘down to the ‘path to the 'end of the ca’nal.

Unit of rhythm (Foot)

Stressed syllable +

unstressed syllable

EnglishRhythm

Stress-time rhythm

2. ASSIMILATION2. ASSIMILATION

2.1 Definition:

Assimilation is the change in pronunciation of a phoneme under the influence of its surrounding sounds.

Ex: 1. news /njuz/ but newspaper /nju/njusspeipə/peipə/

2. 2. This year / ðij jiə/

3. Want to / wɔnə/

2.2 Types of assimilation2.2 Types of assimilation

Assimilation

Direction of changeConsonant can

change

In term of direction of change

• Regressive assimilation: The phoneme that comes first is affected by the one that

comes after it. Example: This year / ðij jiə /, bright color /braik kalə/ light blue /laip blu/.

• Progressive assimilation:Progressive assimilation: The phoneme that comes first affects the one that comes

after it. Example: those year / ðəʊʒ jiə

In the terms of consonant change

CONSONANTCONSONANTCHANGECHANGE

ASSIMILATIONPLACE OF

ARTICULATION

ASSIMILATIONMANNER

ASSIMILATIONOF VOICE

Assimilation of place of Assimilation of place of articulationarticulation

Assimilation of place of Assimilation of place of articulationarticulation

Assimilation of place of Assimilation of place of articulationarticulation

Assimilation of place of Assimilation of place of articulationarticulation

Assimilation of mannerAssimilation of manner

• Only regressive assimilation of alveolar consonant

NoteNote: /ð/ follow a plosive or nasal at the end of a preceding word Eg: get them /get ðəm/ →→ /gettəm/ in the /in ðə/ → → /inn/innə/

Assimilation of voiceAssimilation of voice

eg: I like that black dogeg: I like that black dog / ai laik ðæt blæk dɔg/ → / ai laig ðæd blæg dɔg/

• Only regressive assimilation of voice

3. Elision3. Elision

• Definition Elision is the case of a sound realized as zero in

casual, rapid speech.• There can be vowel elision and consonant

elision. Example: vowel: tonight /tnait/ consonant: eight tins /eitins/

Rules of elisionRules of elision

Rules of elisionRules of elision

c. Avoidance of complex consonant cluster:

d. Loss of /v/ in “ofof” before consonant

Example:

Weak form

Auxiliary verbs

 Strong  Weak

do du: də

are ɑ: ə(r)*

was wɔz wəz

were w3:r wə

would Wud wəd

could Kud kəd

should ∫ud

kæn

∫əd

can kən

must mʌst məs(t)

  Strong Weak

Prepositions

to tu: tə

for fɔ:(r) fə(r)

from frɔm frəm

into Intu: Intə

of ov ə(v)

as æz əz

at æt ət

4. LinkingLinking is the phenomenon where words or sounds are linked together. There are 5 basic rules of linking. Rules of linking:

Rules of linking

4. Linking

* Note: Sometimes listeners have ambiguity in meaning with other words.

Example:

/maitrein/: my train or might rain

/aiskri:m/: Ice –cream or I scream

Thank you…!!!

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