chapter 7 renaissance

Leonardo da Vinci (1452?1519), Vitruvian Man, c. 1485-1490. Pen and ink, 13 1/2" x 9 5/8". Galleria dell'Accademia, Venice

late 14th -16th

centuries

Hans Holbein the Younger (c. 1498?1543), Dance of Death, ca. 1490. Woodcut.

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

•Bubonic Plague, 1347 destroyed 1/3 to 1/2 of its population within less than a century.

Joan of Arc, from Antoine Dufour's Lives of Famous Women, 1504. French manuscript. Musée Dobrée, Nantes, France

•100 year war (1337-1453)•17 year old Peasant•Heard voices of the Christian saints who had directed her to expel the English.

•World’s first feminist writer•occurred at a time in which men were making efforts to restrict female inheritance of land.•Book of the City of Ladies (1405)

The Magna Carta was significant in the rise of constitutional monarchy in England.

The Magna Carta became the basis for English citizen's rights.

A philosophy or attitude concerned with the interests, achievements, and capabilities of humans.

saw no conflicts between humanism and religious belief

Andrea del Verrocchio, Lorenzo de’ Medici, 1478, Terra Cotta

Petrarch ‘s Canzoniere (songbook) (1350)

Sonnet No.134I find no peace, and yet I make no

war:and fear, and hope: and burn, and

I am ice:and fly above the sky, and fall to

earth,and clutch at nothing, and

embrace the world. 

The Aldine Press in Venice The Courtier , edition of more

than 1,000 copies. The humanist ideas was greatly

aided by the printing press.

Machiavelli , The Prince, a political treatise that called for the unification of Italy under a powerful and courageous leader.

Wrote romances and love poetry. First biographer of Dante His landmark work is the celebrated

collection of short stories known as the Decameron. (1351)

A tale from The Decameron, by John William Waterhouse.

“Father of the Renaissance”

New sense of realism by using light and shading.

Re-inventor of “naturalistic” painting.

Sermon to the Birds St FrancisIlluminated Manuscript Image c 1270,Ghent, Belgium

The Scrovegni Chapel, Padua

Giotto (1267 – 1337)Father of the Renaissance

Legend of St Francis:Sermon to the Birds, 1297-99

His frescoes are considered innovative landmarks for their use of light and shade to model form.

Baptism of Christ1304-06

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Florentine architect and engineer

Dome of the Cathedral1420-36 Duomo, Florence

First dome since Roman times!

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Pierro della Francesca “View of an Ideal City”

First to carry out a series of optical experiments that led to a mathematical theory of perspective.

His method of perspective had a dramatic impact on the depiction of 3-dimensional space in the arts

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Goldsmith and Sculptor He made use of one – point perspective

in a manner that would profoundly influence Renaissance art for the next hundred years

Sacrifice of Isaac1401Bronze reliefMuseo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence

Lorenzo Ghiberti(1378-1455)

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New sense of naturalism in sculpture

Use of classical contrapposto stance (relaxed not rigid)

David, 1425-1430

Donatello (1386-1466)•Statue of David - first full scale nude since ancient times

St Mary Magdalenc. 1457Wood, height: 188 cmMuseo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence

Donatello

First artist to paint a full-length female nude. In Birth of Venus is possibly the most pagan image of the

entire Renaissance.

The Birth of Venus

ca. 1485

Tempera on canvas,

172.5 x 278.5 cm

Galleria degli Uffizi,

Florence

The Birth of Venus c. 1485Tempera on canvas, 172.5 x 278.5 cmGalleria degli Uffizi, Florence

Sandra Botticelli (1445-1510)(possibly the most pagan image of the entire Renaissance)

Reflects the revival of classical themes in European art.

Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510), Primavera, c. 1482. Tempera on panel, 6' 8"" x 10' 4"". Galleria degli Uffizi Florence, Italy

Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510), Mars and Venus, c. 1475. Tempera on panel, 27 1/4" x 68 1/4". © The National Gallery, London

The Adoration of the Magi (detail)c. 1475Tempera on panelGalleria degli Uffizi, Florence

Botticelli

The detail shows the assumed self-portrait of the artist.

Botticelli

Equestrian - scientific naturalism and attention to anatomical detail

Ran a large workshop that trained many artist including Leonardo

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Leonardo da Vinci,1452 - 1519

"Renaissance Man“ superb master of line,

pioneer of sfumato, inventor, naturalist, and painter of the soul’s intent.

Art and science are two means to the same end: knowledge.

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519). Mona Lisa, c. 1503-1505. Oil on wood, 30 1/4" x 21". Louvre, Paris.

Leonardo’s Mona Lisa is unusual in that the sitter appears in a landscape setting.

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Madonna and Child with Flowers 1478:possibly his first painting completed by himself. (age 26)

The annunciation, 1481 (age 29)

Leonardo da Vinci

Virgin of the Rocks1483-86Oil on panel, 199 x 122 cmMusée du Louvre, Paris

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519). Madonna and Child with Saint Anne, c. 1503-1506. Oil on wood, 5' 6 1/8" x 3' 8". Louvre, Paris

Lady with an Ermine1483-1490Oil on wood53.4 x 39.3 cm (21 x 15 1/2 in.)Czartoryski Museum, Cracow

Leonardo da Vinci

The Last Supper (with names of Apostles labelled)after cleaning1498Tempera on plaster460 x 880 cm (15 x 29 ft.)Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie (Refectory), Milan

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper (detail of Jesus, under restoration), c. 1495-97. Fresco, 15' 1 1/8" x 28' 10 1/2". Refectory, Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

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Vitruvian Man1492Pen, ink, watercolor and metalpoint on paper, 343 x 245 mmGallerie dell'Accademia, Venice

Leonardo da Vinci

Anatomical studies of the shoulder1510-11Black chalk, pen and ink on paper, 289 x 199 mmRoyal Library, Windsor

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci (1452?1519), Embryo in the Womb, ca. 1510. Pen and brown ink, 11 3/4 x 8 1/2 in.

He examined the anatomical and organic functions of plants animals and human beings

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), Wing Construction for a Flying Machine, ca. 1500. Pen and brown ink. Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci. Church resembling the Holy Sepulcher in Milan,

Leonardo’s drawing of a Fierce Dragon.

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Michelangelo Buonarroti1475 - 1564 Always thought himself

a sculptor, not a painter A contender for

Renaissance Man master of sculpture, also

excellent painter and architect.

Michelangelo (1475-1564), Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome (after cleaning), 1508-1512.

During the High Renaissance, the center of artistic productivity shifted from Florence to Rome.

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Michelangelo (1475-1564), Creation of Adam, c. 1510. Sistine Chapel, Rome. Vatican Museums

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IgnudoFrescoCappella Sistina, Vatican

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David1504Marble, height 434 cmGalleria dell'Accademia, Florence

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Ancient Greek Sculpture

Renaissance Sculpture

Pietà1499Marble, height 174 cm, width at the base 195 cmBasilica di San Pietro, Vatican

PietaWorks in which the Virgin is supporting and mourning the death of Jesus.

MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI, Moses, from the tomb of Pope Julius II, Rome, Italy, ca. 1513–1515 Marble, 7’ 8 1/2” high. San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome.

The Horns comes from a mistranslation of a Hebrew word that described Moses as having rays of light coming from his head.

Model for the dome1560 WoodMusei Vaticani, Rome

Dome of St Peter's1564-Basilica di San Pietro, Vatican

Pope Benedict XVI,Easter Mass 2007

Last Judgment1537-41Fresco, 1370 x 1220 cmCappella Sistina, Vatican

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The Last Judgment

Detail

Michelangelo’sSelf Portrait

Pietàc. 1550Marble, height: 226 cmMuseo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence

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Michelangelo. Rondanini Pietà, c. 1555-1564. Marble, 6' 5 1/2" high. Castello Sforzesco, Milan

Raphael Sanzio1483 - 1520 “The Prince of Painters" younger master painter who

incorporated elements of Leonardo and Michelangelo in to his own unique style.

artwork - harmony and balance of composition

Raphael (1483-1520), The Alba Madonna, ca. 1510. Oil on wood transferred to canvas, diameter 37 1/4 in. © 2009 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C

Raphael, Madonna of the Chair, c. 1515. Oil on panel, diameter 2' 5".

Raphael

Portrait of Julius II1511-12Oil on wood, 108 x 80,7 cmNational Gallery, London

…a portrait "so animated and true to life that it was frightening to behold, as though it were actually alive" (Vasari).

The School of Athens1510-11FrescoVatican, Stanza della Segnatura

Raphael's TombPantheon, Rome

Titian (Tiziano Vecellio)1485 - 1576

Greatest of the Venetian School

Most versatile: portrait, landscape, mythological, & religious paintings.

consistent interest in use of color

Titian. Venus of Urbino, c. 1538. Oil on canvas, 3' 11" x 5' 5". Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence. (FOR PRIVATE ENJOYMENT)

Giorgione 1509

Assumption of the Virgin1516-18Oil on wood, 690 x 360 cm

Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari, Venice

Titian (1488/90-1576). The Annunciation, c. 1560. Oil on canvas, 13' 2 5/8" x 7' 8 1/2". Chiesa di San Salvador, Venice

Bacchus and Ariadne1520-22Oil on canvas, 175 x 190 cm - National Gallery, London

Portrait of Philip II in Armour1550-51

Oil on canvas, 193 x 111 cmMuseo del Prado, Madrid

Ars nova is the name given to the expressive new musical style of the fourteenth century.

Madrigal – a composition for three to six unaccompanied voices.

Renaissance Dance – first efforts to establish dance as a independent discipline.

Sinan the Great (c.1490-1588), Mosque of Suleyman I, Istanbul, Turkey, begun 1550.

14 th century theocratic (governed by God)

Muslim rule

Ars nova is the name given to the expressive new musical style of the fourteenth century.

Josquin des Prez A master of Masses, motets, and secular songs, he

earned international recognition as “the prince of music.”

Madrigal – a composition for three to six unaccompanied voices.

Instrumental Music – 16 th century made considerable advances in the development of instrumental music.

Renaissance Dance – first efforts to establish dance as a independent discipline.

Prolific writer of Italian prose romances and love poetry.

First biographer of Dante His landmark work is the celebrated

collection of short stories known as the Decameron. (1351)

The classical revival of the 14th to 16th century Generated new and more all-embracing

attitudes toward Greco-Roman antiquity than any that had preceded it.

Most were Catholics Life on earth was not a vale of tears but,

rather, an extended occasion during which human beings might cultivate their unique talents and abilities

saw no conflicts between humanism and religious belief

Frescoes- art created on damp plaster

Oil paints(a technique from the north)

Realistic portrayal of human nature

Chiaroscuro- use of shadows to show balance of light and dark

Science-particularly in anatomy Linear perspective- allowed

artist to represent objects in relative sizes

Castiglino: The Well-Rounded Person

Raphael, Baldassare Castiglione, 1514. Oil on canvas, 32 1/4" x 26 1/2".

Lorenzo Ghiberti(1378-1455)

First artist to paint a full-length female nude

In Birth of Venus the figure occupies the center of the work which was traditionally reserved for the Virgin. This work is possibly the most pagan image of the entire Renaissance.

Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510), Mystical Nativity, 1501. Oil on canvas, 42 3/4" x 29 1/2". © The National Gallery, London.

Human beings are

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Some say that many women are deceitful, Wily, false, of little worth: Others that too many are liars, fickle, flighty , and inconstant; Still others accuse them of great vices, blaming them much, excusing them of them nothing, thus do clerics, night and day, First in French verse, then in Latin, based on who knows what books That tell more lies than drunkards do.

one – point perspective

GhibertiGhiberti

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