chapter 7 climate interactions. ch. 7 lesson 1 interactions among earth’s spheres ch. 7 lesson 1...

Chapter 7 Climate Interactions

Ch. 7 Lesson 1 Interactions

Among Earth’s Spheres

SC.6.E.7.4 Differentiate and show interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere,

cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.

Contains dust particles, cloud droplets, and water vapor.

Earth’s weather, including precipitation and winds contrives to rock erosion.

The atmosphere is the foundation for the different climates around the world.http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=0E074343-4F75-4D95-815B-4329F2FD016F&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=DSC&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=

Atmosphere

Is made up of nearly all of Earth’s mass that is found

in Earth’s solids rocks and metal

The atmosphere of our Earth is constantly

weathers and erodes exposed rock in Earth’s

geosphere

Geosphere

Eart

h’s

w

ate

r

Oceans

Water Vapor

Rivers

Lakes

Groundwater

Hydrosphere

Cryosphere

Consist of all the water in the form of ice on or in

Earth: glaciers, snowfields, ice caps, ice

sheets, sea ice, and frozen ground

The parts of Earth that contain of living organism. Life as we know it cannot exist without water.

Biosphere

1. Describe how melting of glaciers in one part of Earth system might affect other parts.

2. Give one example of how humans affect the hydrosphere. Then explain how this change impacts society.

3. The Earth system consists of the sun and five main __________.

4. The sphere that contains humans is the _________.

Lesson Review

Ch. 7 Lesson 2

Energy in Earth’s

AtmosphereSC.6.E.7.5 Explain how energy provided by the sun influences global patterns of atmospheric movement and the temperature differences

between air, water, and land.

Ele

ctro

mag

ne

tic

waves Visible light

Infrared radiation

Ultraviolet radiation

Sun’s Energy Travels to Earth in the form of

Most of the energy from the sun travels to Earth in the form of visible light & infrared radiation.

A smaller amount arrives as Ultraviolet Radiation.

Visible Light = light you can see, including all of the colors you see in a rainbow:

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

ROY G. BIV Different colors have different

wavelengths. Red & orange = longest

wavelengths Blue & violet = shortest

wavelengths

The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called radiation.

One form of EM energy is infrared radiation. Infrared radiation is not visible by humans,

but can be felt as heat. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is also invisible.

Nonvisible Radiation

Radiation From the Sun:Energy travels to Earth as electromagnetic waves. What are the types of electromagnetic

radiation in the diagram?

VISIBLE LIGHT

INFRARED RADIATION

ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

What Happens to the Sun’s Energy Near Earth?

Most sunlight is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere before it can reach the surface.

The rest of the sunlight passes through the atmosphere to Earth’s surface.

Atmosphere Layers

EARTH

Greenhouse effect is a natural heat-trapping process.

1. The sun’s energy reaches Earth.2. Earth’s surface is heated.3. Some heat is radiated into space.4. Some radiated heat is absorbed

by gases in the atmosphere.

Greenhouse Effect

Energy provided by the sun influences global winds and creates temperature differences among Earth’s air, water, and land.

Land heats and cools more rapidly than water. Also, land can heat to higher temperatures than water can. Land can also cool to lower temperature than water can

Local and global winds are created by the unequal heating of Earth’s surface. But unlike local winds, global winds occur over a large area.

Sun’s Energy

The way Earth’s rotations make winds curve is called the Coriolis Effect.

This causes the Northern Hemisphere winds to blow south & turn to the west and Southern Hemisphere winds to blow north & turn to the west.

Coriolis Effect

1. How does the sun’s energy travel to Earth?

2. What happens to the sun’s energy near Earth?

3. How does the sun’s energy affect global winds?

Lesson Review

Chapter 7 Lesson 3 Climate and

Climate Regions

SC.6.E.7.6 Differentiate between weather and climate

Weather refers to the conditions of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place. Climate refers to average, year-after-year weather patterns in a given area.

Weather vs. Climate

Tropical Rainy Climates: Rain Forests and Savannas Dry Climates: Deserts and Steppes Temperate Continental Climates: are not influenced by

oceans and as a result they commonly have extremes of temperatures.

Subarctic Climates: Fir and spruce forests Temperate Marine Climates: due moderating influence

of oceans, climates are humid and have mild winters Humid Subtropical Climate: are temperate marine

climates that are wet and warm. Polar Climates: tundra and permafrost

Climate Regions

Movement of ContinentsEarth’s Position and Ice Ages

Volcanic ActivitySolar Energy

Natural Factors That Cause Climate Changes

1. How do scientists differentiate between weather and climate?

2. What natural factors can cause climate change?

Lesson Review

Chapter 7 Lesson 5 Composition and Structure of the

Atmosphere

SC.6.E.7.9 Describe how the composition and structure of the atmosphere protects life and

insulates the planet.

Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Other Gases:

such as argon and trace gases

What Is the Composition of Earth’s

Atmosphere

Main Layers of the Atmosphere

Troposphere is where weather occurs

Stratosphere contains ozone layer

Mesosphere protects Earth’s surface from being hit by most meteoroids

Exosphere and thermosphere is the outermost layer

1. The _________ is the envelope of __________ that surrounds Earth.

2. What are the four most common gases in dry air?

3. What is the difference between wet air and dry air?

4. Why would you feel cold in the thermosphere?

Lesson Review

Chapter 7 Lesson 6 Human

Activities and Climate ChangeSC.6.N.1.5 Recognize that science involves creativity in creating

explanations that fit evidence.SC.6.N.2.2 Explain that scientific knowledge is open to change

SC.6.N.3.1 Explain that a scientific theory is a well-supported and widely accepted explanation.

SC.6.E.1.5 Describe how the composition and structure of the atmosphere protects life and insulates the planet.

Ozone is a form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of the usual two.

Ozone in the atmosphere absorbs some of the harmful radiation from the sun.

How Does the Ozone Layer Protect Earth?

In the late 1970’s, scientists observed from satellite images that the ozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner each spring.

The amount of ozone in the ozone layer was decreasing

Scientists determined that major cause of the ozone hole is a group of gases called chlorofluorocarbons or CFC

Ozone Hole

Human activities are increasing the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and producing changes in climate worldwide. This increase is causing global temperatures to rise which is called global warming.

Greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. These gases radiate some energy back toward Earth, trapping hear in the lower atmosphere.

The effects of global warming include melting glaciers, rising sea levels, drought, desertification, changes to the biosphere, and regional changes in temperature.

Global Warming

Finding clean, renewable sources of energy

Being more energy efficient

Removing carbon from fossil fuel emissions

Solutions For Limiting Global

Warming

1. Which of the following absorbs heat leaving Earth’s surface?

2. Which of the following is a major cause of the ozone hole?

3. Which of the following contains very small amounts of ozone?

4. Which of the following is the cause of increase in the temperature of Earth’s atmosphere?

Lesson Review