chapter 6 reactivity
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CAMBRIDGE SECONDARY
ONE SCIENCECHAPTER 6: REACTIVITY
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6.1 METALS AND THEIR REACTIONS WITH OXYGEN
When a metalreacts with oxygen, a
metal oxide is formed.
Metals have differentlevels of reactivitytowards oxygen. Magnesiumis more
reactive thaniron because it reacts
much faster than iron.
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6.1 METALS AND THEIR REACTIONS WITH OXYGEN
Themetals of Group 1 are more
reactive than other metals.
Group 1 metals must be stored under oilbecause they react vigorously with
oxygenand moisture in the air and can
explode.
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6.1 METALS AND THEIR REACTIONS WITH OXYGEN
When pieces of lithium, sodium or
potassium are taken out from their
containers, they become dull. Thesurface is covered with metal oxide.
The general word equation for the reaction
of a metal with oxygen:Metal + Oxygen Metal oxide
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6.1 METALS AND THEIR REACTIONS WITH OXYGEN
Group 1 metals are stored under oil
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6.2 REACTIONS OF METALS IN WATER
Group 1 metals react vigorously with
water.
The general word equation for the reactionof a metal with water:
Metal + Water Metal + Hydrogen
hydroxide
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6.2 REACTIONS OF METALS IN WATER
The reactivity of group 1 metals with
water increases when going down the
group.Potassium is the most reactivewhen compared to lithium and sodium.
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6.2 REACTIONS OF METALS IN WATER
Video on the reactions of group 1 metals
with water:
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6.2 REACTIONS OF METALS IN WATER
Some metals react less vigorously with
water magnesium and calcium.
Some metals that do not react with watermay react with steam. Magnesium reacts
more vigorously withsteamthan water.
The word equation for the reactionbetween magnesium and steam
Magnesium + Steam Magnesium+Hydrogen
oxide
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6.2 REACTIONS OF METALS IN WATER
hydrogen gasmagnesium ribbon
ceramic wool
delivery tube
Bunsen burner
Reaction of magnesium with steam
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6.3 REACTIONS OF METALS WITH DILUTE ACID
When a metal reacts with dilute acid, the
products are a salt and hydrogen.
Different metals have differentlevels ofreactivity in dilute acid.
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6.4 THE REACTIVITY SERIES
Potassium, K
Sodium, Na
Magnesium, Mg
Calcium, Ca
Aluminium, Al
Zinc, Zn
Iron, Fe
Tin, Sn
Lead, Pb
Copper, Cu
Silver, Ag
Gold, Au
Most reactive
Least reactive
Carbon, C
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6.4 THE REACTIVITY SERIES
Metal Reaction with
oxygen
Reaction with
water
Reaction with dilute
acid
Potassium Burns brightly when
heated to form a metal
oxide
Very vigorous
reaction in cold
water to form a
metal hydroxide
Violent reaction and
very dangerousSodium
Calcium Burns brightly in air
when heated to form a
metal oxide
Slow reaction in cold
water to form a
metal hydroxideMagnesium Reaction which
becomes less vigorous
as you go down the listAluminium Slow reaction when
heated to form a metaloxide
Reacts with steam
but not water to forma metal oxide
Zinc
Iron
Lead No reaction with
steam or waterCopper No reaction
Silver No reaction
Gold
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6.5 DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
More reactive metals can displaceless
reactive metals from their salt solutions.
This is called displacement reaction.If a clean iron nail is placed into a beaker
of copper sulfate solution, the iron nail will
be coated with copper. Ironhasdisplaced copperfrom copper sulfate
solution.
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6.5 DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
Iron can displace copper from copper sulfate solution
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6.6 USING DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
Aluminiumis more reactive than iron.
Aluminium will displace iron from solid
iron oxide if it is heated.Aluminium + Iron oxide Aluminium + Iron
oxide
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6.6 USING DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
Using displacement reaction for welding
(thermite reaction)
Rails are needed to be welded where the railway lines are.
The iron oxide and aluminium powder react in a container placed on the rails.
The molten iron produced in the reaction is shaped and used to join the rails
together.
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6.6 USING DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
Carboncan be used todisplace some
metals from their ores.An ore is arock
that contains a metal compound.Carbonwill displace zinc, iron, tin and lead
from their ores.
The iron ore is mainly iron oxide. This reactswith carbonto form ironand carbon dioxide.
Iron oxide + Carbon Iron + Carbon
dioxide
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6.6 USING DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
Using displacement reaction for extraction
of metal
Iron ore and coke (a form of carbon) are added into the blastfurnace.
Iron being displaced from its ore by carbon.
A blast of hot air is blown into the furnace to burn the coke andcreate high temperatures needed for the reaction.
Molten iron collects at the bottom.
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6.6 USING DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS
Blast furnace
http://images.yourdictionary.com/blast-furnace -
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