chapter 6-3: life substances. isomers molecules with same formula but it makes two different things...

Chapter 6-3: Life Substances

Isomers

Molecules with same formula but it makes two different things

Ex: C6H12O6 makes both glucose and fructose

Polymers

Really big molecules that are formed from lots of smaller molecules

Ex: Lots of legos build a castle

Polymers cont…

Condensation—process that builds polymers

Polymers cont…

Hydrolysis—process that breaks polymers apart

Carbohydrates

Polymer made up of sugarsUsed for quick energy

Carbohydrate cont…

Monosaccharide—simple sugar Glucose—what plants “eat” Fructose—sugar in fruit

Carbohydrate cont…

Disaccharide—Two sugars Sucrose (table sugar)—like candy

Carbohydrate cont…

Polysaccharide—many sugars Starch—found in potatoes and pasta Glycogen—found in liver Cellulose—found in green plants

Lipids

AKA: Fats and OilsIt’s nonpolar, so water cannot

dissolve itUsed to store energy, insulate and

protect

Lipids cont…

Saturated—bad for you (butter) Unsaturated—good for you (peanut butter)

Proteins

Polymer made up of amino acidsPeptide bond—holds amino acids

together into a protein

Proteins cont…

Make up hair, nails, horns and hoofs

Proteins cont…

Help contract musclesTransport oxygen in blood

Proteins cont…

Provide immunity (fights off disease)Carry out chemical reactionsEx: Enzyme (speeds up chemical

reaction)

Nucleic Acids

Polymer made up of nucleotides

Nucleic Acids cont…

DNA—Deoxyribonucleic Acid Contains instructions on how to make a

protein Contains genetic information

Nucleic Acids cont…

RNA—Ribonucleic Acid Helps make proteins