chapter 6-3: life substances. isomers molecules with same formula but it makes two different things...
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Chapter 6-3: Life Substances
Isomers
Molecules with same formula but it makes two different things
Ex: C6H12O6 makes both glucose and fructose
Polymers
Really big molecules that are formed from lots of smaller molecules
Ex: Lots of legos build a castle
Polymers cont…
Condensation—process that builds polymers
Polymers cont…
Hydrolysis—process that breaks polymers apart
Carbohydrates
Polymer made up of sugarsUsed for quick energy
Carbohydrate cont…
Monosaccharide—simple sugar Glucose—what plants “eat” Fructose—sugar in fruit
Carbohydrate cont…
Disaccharide—Two sugars Sucrose (table sugar)—like candy
Carbohydrate cont…
Polysaccharide—many sugars Starch—found in potatoes and pasta Glycogen—found in liver Cellulose—found in green plants
Lipids
AKA: Fats and OilsIt’s nonpolar, so water cannot
dissolve itUsed to store energy, insulate and
protect
Lipids cont…
Saturated—bad for you (butter) Unsaturated—good for you (peanut butter)
Proteins
Polymer made up of amino acidsPeptide bond—holds amino acids
together into a protein
Proteins cont…
Make up hair, nails, horns and hoofs
Proteins cont…
Help contract musclesTransport oxygen in blood
Proteins cont…
Provide immunity (fights off disease)Carry out chemical reactionsEx: Enzyme (speeds up chemical
reaction)
Nucleic Acids
Polymer made up of nucleotides
Nucleic Acids cont…
DNA—Deoxyribonucleic Acid Contains instructions on how to make a
protein Contains genetic information
Nucleic Acids cont…
RNA—Ribonucleic Acid Helps make proteins