chapter 4 - administration at work-120314_110400
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Chapter 4
Administration at Work
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MATERIALS
MEN
ORGANIZATION
MANAGEMENT
GOAL GOAL GOAL GOALS
ULTIMATEINTERMEDIATE
2
Introduction
What is Administration?
rational organization and management of men
and materials towards achieving the intended
goals.
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Bases of Public Administration
Administrative structure vary among countriessuits its geography, history, national character and form ofgovernment
Several common aspect of administrativeorganization set-up on two bases:
i. Functional basisspecialization, integration,
hierarchy and permanency
ii. Geographical basiscentralized or decentralizedsystem
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i. Functional Basis
Based upon four main principles:
i. Principle of Specialization
Administration is divided into numerous administrativeagencies called department
To ensure efficiency and economy in work
ii. Principle of Integration
Department cannot function independently Need integration among various departments to achieve
the purpose of administrationgeneral good of thepeople
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iii. Principle of Hierarchy
Administrative organizations follow the pattern of
superior-subordinate relationships
Supreme leader at the top and a broad base at the
bottom.
Superior gives orders, subordinate received and
obeyed the ordersas guide to his own behavior
iv. Principle of Permanency
Administration is a machinery for the execution ofpublic willdetermined by political authority
Political authority may change with the change of
public opinion, administrators remain on their post.
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ii. Geographical basis
Administrative authority concentrated or
dispersed
i. Centralization
Process of transfer the administrative authority from
a lower to higher level of organization
Close relationship between officials responsible todifferent levels of government as federal-state or
state-local
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ii. Decentralization
Government at lower levels enjoys certain amount
of autonomyas given by the Constitution Control of central government over local
government is restricted.
Central laws relating to activities and services
of the local authority are being observed
Local authority has full right to design the
activity by properly used the money granted
to them.
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Components of Administration
The structural arrangements to deliver
government services.
The administrative components consists of
three branches:
i. The Executive
ii. The Legislature
iii. The Judiciary
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i. The Executive Branch
Occupies central position in Public AdministrationHead of administrative systems of a country.
Prime Ministers as the head of the government, followed byvarious ministers of the Cabinet.
Serves to implement national policies establishedby both constitutional and legislative means.
The word POSDCORB coined for administrative
functions of executive branch.
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Functions of Executive
Categories of Executive Functions Descriptions
Deciding Administrative Policy Administrative policythe form in which
the ministerial administrator carries the will
of government into effect.
Formulates various socio-economic policies
and development plans
Control the Management of Finance The government is allowed to generate
revenues from the peopletaxes, fines,
summons, customs duties, fees, etc
Plans the various development programs,
and allocates the resources for those planand programs
To Propose the Law Parliament is allowed to discuss any issues
of national interest.
Law is proposed by the Executive and
introduced in Parliament
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Types of Executives
Nominal Executives Real Executives
A man (either hereditary or elected) is
the head of government in theory but not
in realitynot directly involved in the
governance of the country.
Often acts on the advice of someone
(the prime minister or the cabinet) who
constitutionally has the power to make
actual decisions.
Has limited powers under the
constitution and must act in accordance
with the provisions of the Constitution.
Example: Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the
British Queen (Head of State)
The one who actually execute the laws,
do the job in administration - has actual
and wider powers.
It is directly involved in theadministration of the country and has
actual control over the country.
Has the power to makes actual decisions
and policies with the helped by his
cabinet minister and public officer.
Example: Prime Minister and the
Cabinet
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ii. The Legislative Branch
As the representative body of people and
source of all authority regarding
administration
House of Representative (Lower House)
House of Senate (Upper House)
Prime responsibility and authority of makingfundamental decision and exercise general
functions as the law making body
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Functions of Legislature
As the law making body, legislative functionsis to:
Enact the law
Amend the law
Repeal the law (where necessary)
House of Representative House of Senate
Members are elected by the people
representative of the people
Has the jurisdiction and authority todebate almost any issue of national
interest
Many new policies and programs are
introduced by the house for the
development and welfare of the people
Members are those elected by people &
those are appointed by the King
Responsible to debate various proposalsforwarded by the Lower House
Must ensure not to enact any law that
contradicts with the supreme law of the
country
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iii. The Judiciary Branch
Made of court systemsheaded by the
supreme court.
Responsible for the implementation and
interpretation of the laws of the country.
Make decision on laws based on constitution.
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Conclusion
Administration at work encompasses whatevergovernments do to achieve it goals.
The arrangement of public administration havetheir respective rolesensuring the smoothrunning of the various government organization.
Separation of powers between branches assuredthe check and balance
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