chapter 4 - administration at work-120314_110400

7/27/2019 Chapter 4 - Administration at Work-120314_110400

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Chapter 4

Administration at Work


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MATERIALS

MEN

ORGANIZATION

MANAGEMENT

GOAL GOAL GOAL GOALS

ULTIMATEINTERMEDIATE

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Introduction

What is Administration?

rational organization and management of men

and materials towards achieving the intended

goals.


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Bases of Public Administration

Administrative structure vary among countriessuits its geography, history, national character and form ofgovernment

Several common aspect of administrativeorganization set-up on two bases:

i. Functional basisspecialization, integration,

hierarchy and permanency

ii. Geographical basiscentralized or decentralizedsystem


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i. Functional Basis

Based upon four main principles:

i. Principle of Specialization

Administration is divided into numerous administrativeagencies called department

To ensure efficiency and economy in work

ii. Principle of Integration

Department cannot function independently Need integration among various departments to achieve

the purpose of administrationgeneral good of thepeople


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iii. Principle of Hierarchy

Administrative organizations follow the pattern of

superior-subordinate relationships

Supreme leader at the top and a broad base at the

bottom.

Superior gives orders, subordinate received and

obeyed the ordersas guide to his own behavior

iv. Principle of Permanency

Administration is a machinery for the execution ofpublic willdetermined by political authority

Political authority may change with the change of

public opinion, administrators remain on their post.


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ii. Geographical basis

Administrative authority concentrated or

dispersed

i. Centralization

Process of transfer the administrative authority from

a lower to higher level of organization

Close relationship between officials responsible todifferent levels of government as federal-state or

state-local


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ii. Decentralization

Government at lower levels enjoys certain amount

of autonomyas given by the Constitution Control of central government over local

government is restricted.

Central laws relating to activities and services

of the local authority are being observed

Local authority has full right to design the

activity by properly used the money granted

to them.


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Components of Administration

The structural arrangements to deliver

government services.

The administrative components consists of

three branches:

i. The Executive

ii. The Legislature

iii. The Judiciary


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i. The Executive Branch

Occupies central position in Public AdministrationHead of administrative systems of a country.

Prime Ministers as the head of the government, followed byvarious ministers of the Cabinet.

Serves to implement national policies establishedby both constitutional and legislative means.

The word POSDCORB coined for administrative

functions of executive branch.


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Functions of Executive

Categories of Executive Functions Descriptions

Deciding Administrative Policy Administrative policythe form in which

the ministerial administrator carries the will

of government into effect.

Formulates various socio-economic policies

and development plans

Control the Management of Finance The government is allowed to generate

revenues from the peopletaxes, fines,

summons, customs duties, fees, etc

Plans the various development programs,

and allocates the resources for those planand programs

To Propose the Law Parliament is allowed to discuss any issues

of national interest.

Law is proposed by the Executive and

introduced in Parliament


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Types of Executives

Nominal Executives Real Executives

A man (either hereditary or elected) is

the head of government in theory but not

in realitynot directly involved in the

governance of the country.

Often acts on the advice of someone

(the prime minister or the cabinet) who

constitutionally has the power to make

actual decisions.

Has limited powers under the

constitution and must act in accordance

with the provisions of the Constitution.

Example: Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the

British Queen (Head of State)

The one who actually execute the laws,

do the job in administration - has actual

and wider powers.

It is directly involved in theadministration of the country and has

actual control over the country.

Has the power to makes actual decisions

and policies with the helped by his

cabinet minister and public officer.

Example: Prime Minister and the

Cabinet


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ii. The Legislative Branch

As the representative body of people and

source of all authority regarding

administration

House of Representative (Lower House)

House of Senate (Upper House)

Prime responsibility and authority of makingfundamental decision and exercise general

functions as the law making body


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Functions of Legislature

As the law making body, legislative functionsis to:

Enact the law

Amend the law

Repeal the law (where necessary)

House of Representative House of Senate

Members are elected by the people

representative of the people

Has the jurisdiction and authority todebate almost any issue of national

interest

Many new policies and programs are

introduced by the house for the

development and welfare of the people

Members are those elected by people &

those are appointed by the King

Responsible to debate various proposalsforwarded by the Lower House

Must ensure not to enact any law that

contradicts with the supreme law of the

country


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iii. The Judiciary Branch

Made of court systemsheaded by the

supreme court.

Responsible for the implementation and

interpretation of the laws of the country.

Make decision on laws based on constitution.


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Conclusion

Administration at work encompasses whatevergovernments do to achieve it goals.

The arrangement of public administration havetheir respective rolesensuring the smoothrunning of the various government organization.

Separation of powers between branches assuredthe check and balance

chapter 4 - administration at work-120314_110400

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