chapter 32: societies at crossroads
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Chapter 32: Societies at Crossroads
AP World History: by: Kimberly Zerbst
What you need to knowO British seek out new markets in China
O Opium warsO Chinese and Ottoman resistanceO The Boxer rebellionO Ottoman contraction in the BalkansO Meiji Japan
O economic reformsO European & American expansionism
O Russian economic and industrial development
China: Under Pressure and getting weaker
The British are ComingOpium Wars
Chinese resistanceThe Boxer Rebellion
China Under SeigeO Qing DynastyO 1759 restriction to
GuangzhouO Mercantilism is
incompatible with paying for goods in silver. Why?
O Afternoon tea – the British obsession
O The second – selling their new consumer goods
“By the year 1834 the efforts of the local authorities to suppress the trade resulted in the periodical issue of vain prohibitions and empty threats of punishment, which did not more plainly exhibit their own
weakness in the eyes of the people, than the strength of the appetite in the smokers.” Williams, Ship Captain EIC
1839 – 20,000 chests destroyed, this means WAR
O Opium War(s) (1839-1842)
O Unequal treatiesO Hong KongO Most favored
nation statusO Extraterritorialit
yO Spheres of
influence
Spheres of Influence
Self-Strengthening Movement – Attempts reform 1860-1870O “Chinese learning at the base,
Western learning for use”O A blend of Chinese culture
w/European technologyO Used Confucian values O Brought superficial industrialization to
ChinaO Cixi fought the reform
Boxer Rebellion 1899O Called boxers by
Europeans because of their fitness
Read the handout and answer these questions1. Why were the boxers up in arms in the first place?2. How did the Empress Dowager use the Boxers?3. Why did the Europeans send an army?4. What was the outcome of the Rebellion?
Checking for UnderstandingWrite answers on whiteboard
O What European nation led the charge to “open” China?
O What substance replaced silver bullion as a means of paying for Chinese goods?
O What efforts did the Qing dynasty employ to stop European expansionism?
O What type of imperialism ultimately prevailed in China?
Ottoman Empire Shrinking
Ottoman ResistanceLoss of Egypt
The sick man of Europe
Ottoman ResistanceO Mahmud II Reforms (1808-1839)O Tanzimat Reforms (1839-1876)
O Public trials, penal code, commercial code, civil codeO Extended rights to ALL citizens, not just Islamic citizens
O Young Turks (1908-1918)O Constitutional, representative government
O Anti-reform elements within governmentO JanissariesO Islamic conservatives
Checking for UnderstandingWrite answers on whiteboard
O What European powers participated in the dismantling of the Ottoman empire?
O Which group most vehemently opposed military reforms in the Ottoman empire?
O Which group most vehemently opposed technological and law reforms in the Ottoman empire?
O Why were the Ottoman sultans eventually politically obsolete?
Meiji Japan Emerges – A whole new Japan
Economic ReformsEuropean and American Expansionism
EduCanon Class Activity
Russia – The Bear awakens
Economic and Industrial reforms – too little too late
The Crimean War
Primary Sources on Russian Serfdom
O What justification is used in 1797 to give Serfs a day off?
O Based on the Moskovskie Advertisement, how are serfs treated?
O What reform is Nicholas I calling for in his 1842 speech?O What are his
justifications for this reform?
O What trend is escalating in 1847?
O What is Alexander II calling for in 1861?O What are his
justifications for this reform?
O How do the opinions of the Czar’s regarding serfdom change over time?
O Using your knowledge of history, why do you believe these opinion change?
Reform TimelineO Anarchists =
terroristsO Czar Alexander II
assassinated (1881)O Nicholas II (R.
1894-1917)O Russo-Japanese
warO Bloody SundayO Duma
established
Economic/Industrial ReformO Sergei Witte
(Minister of Finance 1892-1903)O Trans-Siberian RailroadO Remodeling of the state
bankO Protective tarrifsO Developed stell & coal
with French & British money
O Factory worker strikes
O Peasant rebellions
Checking for UnderstandingWrite answers on whiteboard
O What did the Crimean war demonstrate about the Russian military?
O What impact did the freeing of the serfs have on the life of an everyday serf?
O How did this influence public opinion toward the Czar’s?
O What effect did Witte’s reforms have on Russia?
O Do you think Witte’s reforms were effective?
Do you KNOW it?O British seek out new markets in China
O Opium warsO Chinese and Ottoman resistanceO The Boxer rebellionO Ottoman contraction in the BalkansO Meiji Japan
O economic reformsO European & American expansionism
O Russian economic and industrial development
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