chapter 2 definitions, history, and theories of distance education

Definitions, History, and Theories of Distance EducationANGEL JONES

4 Components to Distance Education• Institutionally Based• Separation of Teacher and Students• Interactive Telecommunications • Sharing of Data, Voice and Video

Emerging Definition of Distance Education

DISTANCE EDUCATION

• Provides distance learning opportunities using mass-produced courseware to a mass market.

OPEN LEANING

• Places greater emphasis on the current specific needs and/or market available by recognizing local requirements and differences instead of delivering and established curriculum. • Focuses on local and

individual needs and requirements

Theory of Independent Study• Be capable of operation anyplace where there are students• Place greater responsibility for learning on the student• Free faculty members for custodial type duties.• Offer students and adults wider choices in courses, formats and methodologies• Use, as appropriate, all the teaching media and methods that have been

proven effective.• Mix media and methods• Causes the redesign and development of courses to fit into an “articulated

medial program”• Preserve and enhance opportunities for adaptation to individual differences• Evaluate student achievement • Permit student to start, stop and learn ath their own pace

Theory of Industrialization of Teaching• Rationalization

• Division of Labor• Mechanization• Assembly Line• Mass Production• Preparatory Work• Planning

• Organization• Scientific Control Methods• Formalization• Standardization• Change of Function• Objectification• Concentration and

centralization

Theory of Interaction and Communication1. The core of teaching is interaction between the teaching and learning

parties.2. Emotional involvement between the teaching and learning parties

are likely to contribute to learning pleasure.3. Learning pleasure support student motivation.4. Participation in decision making concerning the study is favorable to

student motivation.5. Strong student motivation facilitates learning.6. A friendly personal tone supports students motivation.7. The effectiveness of teaching is demonstrated by students’ learning

of what has been taught.

Distance Education Maximizing Education

• Use any medium to teach anything• Break the integument of fixed staffing ratios.• Distance teaching can be cheaper than traditional

education.• The economies are functions of the level of education,

size of audience, media, and sophistication of production.• Distance teaching can reach audience who would not be

reached by ordinary means.

Need to Increase Dialog• Organize distance teaching so there is dialog.• Tutor is role is facilitator of learning.• Group discussion is an effective method of learning

when use to nring relevant information.• Resources are available

Method• Multimedia program is more effective.• System approach is helpful in planning distance

education.• Feedback is necessary.• To be effective, distance teaching materials should

ensure that students undertake frequent and regular activities over and above reading, watching, or listening.• In choosing among media, the key decision on which the

rest depends concerns the use of face to face learning.

Thank You.