chapter 14 the human eye structure and function of the eye (concept map) 3 july 2015

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Chapter 14 The Human EyeStructure and Function of the Eye (Concept Map)April 19, 2023

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 2

Attaches lens to ciliary body

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 3

suspensory ligament

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Controls amount of light enteringthe eye

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 4

iris

suspensory ligament

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Refracts light rays;keeps eyeball firm

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 5

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Allows light to enter the eye

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 6

pupil

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Refracts light rays into pupil

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 7

cornea

pupil

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

lens

Focuses light rays onto retina

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 8

cornea

pupil

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

ciliary body

Contains ciliary muscles which control curvature or thickness of the lens

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 9

lens

cornea

pupil

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

viteroushumour

Refracts light rays;keeps eyeball firm

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 10

ciliary body

lens

cornea

pupil

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Controls movement of eyeball

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 11

viteroushumour

ciliary body

lens

cornea

pupil

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

rectusmuscles

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Protects against mechanical injury

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 12

viteroushumour

ciliary body

lens

cornea

pupil

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

sclera

rectusmuscles

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Pigmented black toprevent internal reflection of light; blood vessels bring oxygen and nutrients to the eyeball

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 13

viteroushumour

ciliary body

lens

cornea

pupil

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

choroid

sclera

rectusmuscles

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Region where images are sharply focused

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 14

viteroushumour

ciliary body

lens

cornea

pupil

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

fovea(yellow spot)

choroid

sclera

rectusmuscles

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Transmit nerve impulsesfrom eye to brain

optic nerve

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 15

fovea(yellow spot)

choroid

sclera

rectusmuscles

viteroushumour

ciliary body

lens

cornea

pupil

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Region over optic nerve; no photoreceptors, so insensitive to light

blind spot

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 16

viteroushumour

ciliary body

lens

cornea

pupil

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

optic nerve

fovea(yellow spot)

choroid

sclera

rectusmuscles

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Light-sensitive layer containingcones responsible for colour vision in bright light and rods responsible for vision in dim light

retina

April 19, 2023 Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 17

viteroushumour

ciliary body

lens

cornea

pupil

aqueoushumour

iris

suspensory ligament

blind spot

optic nerve

fovea(yellow spot)

choroid

sclera

rectusmuscles

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 18

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Pupil Reflex

A reflex action in which the pupil changes size as a result of changes in light intensity.

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 19

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Pupil Reflex

In bright light

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 20

In bright light• Circular muscles in iris contract.• Radial muscles relax.• Pupil becomes smaller, hence less light enters the eye

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Pupil Reflex

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 21

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Pupil Reflex

In bright light• Circular muscles in iris contract.• Radial muscles relax.• Pupil becomes smaller, hence less light enters the eye

In dim light

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 22

In dim light• Radial muscles in iris contract .• Circular muscles in iris relax.• Pupil enlarges, hence more light enters the eye

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Pupil Reflex

In bright light• Circular muscles in iris contract.• Radial muscles relax.• Pupil becomes smaller, hence less light enters the eye

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 23

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Pupil Reflex Focusing

In bright light• Circular muscles in iris contract.• Radial muscles relax.• Pupil becomes smaller, hence less light enters the eye

The adjustment of the lens of the eye so that clear images of objects at different distances are formed on the retina.

In dim light• Radial muscles in iris contract .• Circular muscles in iris relax.• Pupil enlarges, hence more light enters the eye

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 24

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Pupil Reflex Focusing

In bright light• Circular muscles in iris contract.• Radial muscles relax.• Pupil becomes smaller, hence less light enters the eye

Distant object (7 metres or more)

In dim light• Radial muscles in iris contract .• Circular muscles in iris relax.• Pupil enlarges, hence more light enters the eye

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 25

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Pupil Reflex Focusing

In bright light• Circular muscles in iris contract.• Radial muscles relax.• Pupil becomes smaller, hence less light enters the eye

Distant object (7 metres or more)

• Ciliary muscles relax• Suspensory ligament become taut• Lens becomes thinner and less convex

In dim light• Radial muscles in iris contract .• Circular muscles in iris relax.• Pupil enlarges, hence more light enters the eye

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 26

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Pupil Reflex Focusing

In bright light• Circular muscles in iris contract.• Radial muscles relax.• Pupil becomes smaller, hence less light enters the eye

Distant object (7 metres or more)

• Ciliary muscles relax• Suspensory ligament become taut• Lens becomes thinner and less convex

Near objectIn dim light• Radial muscles in iris contract .• Circular muscles in iris relax.• Pupil enlarges, hence more light enters the eye

Copyright © 2006-2011 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 27

Distant object (7 metres or more)

• Ciliary muscles relax• Suspensory ligament become taut• Lens becomes thinner and less convex

Near object• Ciliary muscles contract• Suspensory ligaments slacken• Lens becomes thicker and more convex

Vertical Section of The Human Eye

Pupil Reflex Focusing

In bright light• Circular muscles in iris contract.• Radial muscles relax.• Pupil becomes smaller, hence less light enters the eye

In dim light• Radial muscles in iris contract .• Circular muscles in iris relax.• Pupil enlarges, hence more light enters the eye

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