chapter 1 basic concept system ideas
Post on 04-Jun-2018
225 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 1/19
BM031-3-3
MANAGEMENT PROBLEM
SOLVING
BA (Hons) Business Management
BA (Hons) Human Resource Management
Hemalatha.R
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 2/19
BM031-3-3
MANAGEMENT PROBLEM
SOLVING
Chapter 1
Basic Concepts : System Ideas
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 3/19
BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 3
Topic and Structure of lesson
• „System‟
• Characteristics of a „system‟
• The Systems Thinking Approach• Types of systems
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 4/19
BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 4
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lecture, you should be
able to:-• Develop a thorough understanding of the term a
„system‟.
• Identify and elaborate on characteristics that denote a
„system‟
• Develop a clear understanding of the Systems
Thinking approach and reasons to its evolution.
• Identify various types of systems
• Select and justify the use of appropriate system terms
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 5/19
BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 5
What is a “system”
Definition:
A recognizable whole which
consists of a number of
parts/components/elements,that are connected up to an
organized way, that
collectively work together to
achieve some common
purpose or goal
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 6/19
BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 6
Characteristics of a “system”
• A system does something (input-process-output)
• Components of a system word towards a collective goal
• Systems do not operate in complete isolation
• Additional or removal of a components changes thesystem
• There are means of control and communication
(feedback) which promote system survival
• System can be complex and can be made up of othersmaller system – subsystem – suprasystem
• The system has a boundary
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 7/19BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 7
• Outside the boundary is a system environment which
affects the system
(Ex: Customers, Sales channel/Distributors, Suppliers,
Competitors, Partners, Government and Legislation, theEconomy)
• The system is owned by someone – ownership
Carter et al. (1984), Checkland (1981), Checkland and
Scholes (1990), Morgan (1986) and Open University T301.
Characteristics of a “system”
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 8/19BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 8
Traditional Problem
“Managers typically took one part and focusedon that. Then they moved all attention to another
part.”
Carter et al. (1984), Checkland (1981), Checkland andScholes (1990), Morgan (1986) and Open University T301
The problem:
An organization could have wonderful
departments that operate well by themselves butdon‟t integrate well together. Result – organization suffers as a whole.
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 9/19BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 9
The “System Thinking” approach
(System Thinking – originated 1956 Prof Jay Forrester MIT)
• Powerful set of problem solving tools branching from
systems analysis
• A way of understanding reality that emphasizes the
relationship among a system‟s parts, rather than theparts themselves.
• Different from the traditional form of Analysis –
separating individual pieces of what is being studied
• Studies how the individual components interacts witheach other – the bigger picture.
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 10/19BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 10
• Art and science of making reliable inferences aboutbehavior by developing an increasingly deep
understanding of underlying structure
• A framework for seeing interrelationship
• A technique of helping a person view the world,including its organizations from a broad perspective that
includes structures, patterns and events rather than just
the events themselves.
• “Difficulties in solving problems often stem from the factthat problems do not occur in isolation but in relation to
each other”
(Example provided )
The “System Thinking” approach
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 11/19BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 11
• Variety of diagrams and graphs to model
and predict system behavior.
• Attention to feedback is an essentialcomponents of system thinking
The “System Thinking” approach
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 12/19BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 12
Types of systems – in business
• Deterministic system (mechanistic)
– All of the system‟s outputs can be determined
by its inputs.Ex: Calculator, Computer System
• Probabilistic System (stochastic)
– The outputs of the system cannot be
predicted with complete accuracy.Ex: Production Planning system used to schedule work, Sales
Forecasting System
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 13/19BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 13
• Adaptive system (self-organizing/cybernetic)
– Responds to changes in the environment and
modifies it‟s operations accordingly. Ex: Human beings, Plants, Business Organization
• Hard and Soft systems – Hard system has an explicit objective, governed by fixed rules
and procedures, conditions in the systems environment tend to
be stable and therefore more predictable. Result – system
outputs predicted more easily and performance can be
measured objectively.
Ex: Ticketing system, production line, manufacturing
Types of systems – in business
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 14/19BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 14
– Soft system operates in a relatively
unpredictable environment where conditions
may be uncertain or liable for rapid change.
Usually involve people or socio-technicalsituations.
• Involves people‟s values, attitudes and behavior
which may be complex and variable.
• Properties are difficult to quantify and measure.Ex: viewpoints, conflicts, vested interest, etc…
• Takes into account “world-view ”.
Types of systems – in business
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 15/19BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 15
• General classification
– Natural system (Ex: biological system, disease, the
weather)
– Designed abstract systems (Ex: computer
programming languages, simulatory models, information
systems)
– Engineered or designed technical systems (Ex:
process plant, computer system)
– Human Activity systems (Ex: Work organizations, a
department, committee)
Types of systems
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 16/19BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 16
Exercise
Exercise 1
For each of the following examples, provide counter arguments as towhy they perceived system could be classified as both HARD andSOFT depending on one‟s view:
a) container truck (a motor vehicle system for transporting heavygoods containers)
b) computer system (an operating system built up of hardware andsoftware meeting basic user needs)
c) computer steering committee (a system for guiding theintroduction and implementation of computers)
d) university/institution ( a system providing service – education)
e) hospital ( a system providing medical service)
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 17/19BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 17
Exercise
Exercise 2
Answer the following questions in relation to your college or university.
a) What are the institution‟s objectives?
b) Identify a range of typical inputs, processes and outputs.?
c) What feedback mechanisms are in place and what kinds of
information do they produce?
d) What control mechanisms exist?
e) What encompasses the environment of this system boundary?
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 18/19BM031-3-3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 18
Exercise
Exercise 3
a) Give an example of a “system”
b) How would you apply the “system thinking” approach from your
example above?
8/13/2019 Chapter 1 Basic Concept System Ideas
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-basic-concept-system-ideas 19/19
BM031 3 3 Managing Problem Solving Basic Concept :System Ideas 19
References
Web Sites• http://www.thinking.net/Systems_Thinking/OverviewSTarticle.pdf
• http://www.managementhelp.org/misc/defn-systemsthinking.pdf
• http://searchcio.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid182_gci874009,00.h
tml
Books
• Alan Waring, Practical Systems Thinking, Thomson Learning 2002
• Charles Parker, Thomas Case, Management Information System –
Strategy and Action, Mitchell McGraw-Hill, 1993
top related