ch. 14 the house divided 1846-1861. john brown father of 20 children, a drifter of sorts that has a...
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CH. 14 THE HOUSE DIVIDED
1846-1861
JOHN BROWN
Father of 20 children, a drifter of sorts that has a rough life.
Anti slavery advocate, killed 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas May 24,
1856.
October 16, 1859 led an assault on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, but
was captured by Robert E Lee and his forces.
Brown proved to the south that people in the North would try and
start a slave rebellion.
The mason Dixon line divided the country and it was worse than
any political party.
THE BITTER FRUITS OF WAR
Country grew by 1.2 million square miles. From
What?
What happened in California and Colorado?
What is Comstock Lode? And where is it located?
Laws dealing with slavery.. Northwest Ordinance,
Louisiana Purchase, Missouri compromise 1820.
The issues of slavery in new territories was left up
to congress.
TERRITORIES AND SLAVERY
Wilmot Proviso- David Wilmot plan for free labor and no slavery
in the west., BUT he called for it to be “white free land not for
negros” This brought to light that Northerner’s were against
blacks not just slavery.
John C. Calhoun was for slave states in the west to keep the
numbers equal to Free states. The battle raged on.
Lewis Cass Popular sovereignty plan, territories would vote on
slave or free. The question became at what point in their
statehood.
ELECTION OF 1848
Democrats nominate Lewis Cass, Whigs nominate War here
Zachary Taylor. Neither party had slavery on their platform.
Charles Sumner starts the “Free Soil Party” a group of both
whigs and democrats that were anti-slavery.
Free soil party nominates Martin Van Buren as candidate.
Zachary Taylor wins the election, free soil party did not even
carry a state.
THE COMPROMISE OF 1850
Taylor wants to add California and New Mexico as free states.
Henry Clay wants to add California free but let slaves stay in other
areas until decided, but strengthen the fugitive slave law.
John Calhoun states by adding California you kill the equality and the
south will secede.
Daniel Webster called for a compromise.
Omnibus Bill- was the compromise, but it was voted down.
Compromise of 1850- California free state, New Mexico and Utah
territories decide by vote, Texas gets 10 mil for Boundary with New
Mexico, Slave trade ended in DC. Millard Filmore approves. He is
president since Taylor died.
FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT
Slave owner were allowed to enter free states to retrieve
their property.
Harriet Tubman underground railroad.
To retrieve a slave had to appear in front of a commission
and claim that slave, all men were supposed to assist in
capture of slave.
The north started trying to free slaves into Canada and
south complained they were not following Compromise.
UNCLE TOMS CABIN
Harriet Beecher Stowe, wrote the novel, she was
never on a plantation.
The book sold 2 mil copies and hit the heart of the
free north.
Because of here writing more literature comes out
about slave life.
Southerner’s denounced Stowe and her book as
wrongful accounts as she had no first hand
knowledge of slave life.
KANSAS- NEBRASKA ACT
Franklin Pierce wins election and ends the Whig party as a successful
party.
Wants Cuba, but North says no because of slavery.
Gadsden purchase, bought Arizona and present day New Mexico from
Mexico for 15 mil.
Wants to build transcontinental railroad through the south.
Stephen Douglas creates Nebraska, and throws Indians out, and
making it a territory, but had to be free under Missouri compromise.
Gets passed with Kansas and Nebraska where they will decide by vote
to be free or slave.
POLITICAL PARTIES
Anti-Immigrant party that had lots of success at
the state level was called the American party, or
know nothing party.
Anti-slavery group called the Republicans come out
after the Kansas- Nebraska act.
Election of 1856: Republicans- John C Fremont,
Democrats- James Buchanan, Know nothings- Millard
Fillmore.
Buchanan wins, but Republicans make huge
strides.
BLEEDING KANSAS
2 Legislatures form in Kansas, one free and one
slave. Could not get along and the guns come out.
May 21, 1856 Proslavery raid on Lawrence Kansas.
John Brown kills 5 in Pottawatomie.
Charles Sumner is beat by Preston Brook in the
capital building.
Guerilla warfare breaks out.
DRED SCOTT VS STANFORD
Supreme court case that stated Dred Scott was not
free even though he was taken to free states.
Stated Blacks were not considered citizens but
property.
Court also stated they could not exclude slavery in
territories.
This actually strengthens the republican party.
Dred Scott eventually bought and freed, but dies a
year later.
LINCOLN VS DOUGLAS
These two face off for a senate seat in Illinois.
These two had heated debates about slavery.
Lincoln believed slavery would die off in the south,
but Douglas Kansas-Nebraska act allowed slavery to
grow.
Douglas barely wins, but Lincoln steps on the big
stage.
Lincoln 6’4, douglas 5’6
ELECTION OF 1860
Douglas vs Lincoln # 2 this time for President.
Democrats have a split in their party which allows Lincoln
to win the election.
Because of Lincolns win, in 1860 South Carolina secedes.
Feb 4, 1861 South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas created the Confederate
states of America and named Jefferson Davis as president.
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