cell types and cell structure. review: the cell theory _dj0 _dj0

Cell Types and Cell

Structure

Review: The Cell Theory

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgHN145_dj0

Prokaryotic

• An organism with a cell that lacks internal structures surrounded by membranes. Single celled, bacteria

– LACKS A NUCLEUS – BACTERIA

Eukaryotic

• An organism that contains internal, membrane bound structures (ORGANELLES: a structure that carries out specific activities in the cell)

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

• no nucleus• no membrane

enclosed organelles• single chromosome• cell division without

mitosis

• nucleus• membrane enclosed

organelle• chromosomes in

pairs• cell division by

mitosis

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

Examples:Bacteria only

Examples: Plant cells Animal cells Fungi Protists

Prokaryote Coloring Worksheet • What bacteria causes strep throat? • What are the oldest life forms on Earth? • What type of bacteria causes food poisoning? • What part of the bacteria cell helps it stick to

surfaces?• What does decompose mean?• What is the control center of the bacteria cell? • What part of the bacteria cell helps it move? • Where do Archaebacteria live? • To what kingdom to common bacteria belong?

Worksheet with Venn Diagram!!!

• Archaebacteria• Eubacteria • Cytoplasm • Ribosomes• No organelles• Plants and Animals • Nucleus • First cells to evolve • More complex cells to evolve

• No Nucleus • Fungi and Protists• DNA • Plasma Membrane • Always has a cell wall• May have a cell wall • Many organelles

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• Found in plants, fungi, & bacteria

• Made of cellulose in plants

• Made of peptidoglycan in bacteria

• Made of chitin in Fungi

• Made of cellulose in plants

Cell wallCell Wall

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Centrioles• Found only in animal cells• Paired structures near nucleus• Made of bundle of microtubules• Appear during cell division • Help to pull chromosome pairs

apart to opposite ends of the cell

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts photosynthesis 1. Photosynthetic organelles in plant cells,

containing the chlorophyll pigments

Plasma Membrane

Plasma membrane (Cell Membrane) the bouncer1. Surrounds Cells2. Protected by cellulose and protein cell wall in plants

Microtubules and

Microfilaments

Microtubules and Microfilaments gives structure

1. Structural components of the cell (cytoskeleton) in eukaryotes

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) packager and distributes1. Rough ER - Transport of proteins (roughness is the attached ribosomes)2. Smooth ER – Processing and transport of lipids

Golgi Apparatus

Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body, Golgi complex) the UPS1. Assembly and editing of proteins

Lysosomes

Lysosomes trash compactor 1. Contain enzymes that break down and help recycle large proteins in animal cells

Mitochondria

Mitochondria the ENERGY man makes ATP

1. Powerhouse ‑ site of ATP synthesis

Nucleus

Nucleus the brain 1. Membranous nuclear envelope2. Chromosomes of DNA and protein (Histones)

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Nucleolus

• Inside nucleus• Cell may have 1 to 3

nucleoli• Disappears when

cell divides• Makes ribosomes

that make proteins

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• Controls the normal activities of the cell

• Contains the DNA in chromosomes

• Bounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores

• Usually the largest organelle

The Control Organelle - Nucleus

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Nuclear Envelope

• Double membrane surrounding nucleus

• Also called nuclear membrane• Contains nuclear pores for

materials to enter & leave nucleus• Connected to the rough ER

Nuclear pores

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Inside the Nucleus -The genetic material (DNA) is found

DNA is spread out And appears as CHROMATINin non-dividing cells

DNA is condensed & wrapped around proteins forming as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells

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Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm1. Fluid (Cytosol) and organelles that make up the inside of the cell

Ribosomes

Ribosomes makes proteins1. Attached to Rough ER2. Site of protein synthesis

Vacuoles

Vacuoles: holds water 1. Large central vacuoles in plant cells

contain enzymes and pigments in plant cells

Flagella and Cilia

Flagella and Cilia hairs 1. Cell surface projections for

movement

Comparison:Plant cells Animal cells

Large, central vacuole

Chloroplasts Rigid cell wall No Lysosome No centriole

No large, central vacuole

No chloroplasts No rigid cell wall Lysosomes Centrioles

Cells come from other cells

• Mr Parr

• Cellsalive.com