cell types and cell structure. review: the cell theory _dj0 _dj0
TRANSCRIPT
Cell Types and Cell
Structure
Review: The Cell Theory
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgHN145_dj0
Prokaryotic
• An organism with a cell that lacks internal structures surrounded by membranes. Single celled, bacteria
– LACKS A NUCLEUS – BACTERIA
Eukaryotic
• An organism that contains internal, membrane bound structures (ORGANELLES: a structure that carries out specific activities in the cell)
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
• no nucleus• no membrane
enclosed organelles• single chromosome• cell division without
mitosis
• nucleus• membrane enclosed
organelle• chromosomes in
pairs• cell division by
mitosis
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Examples:Bacteria only
Examples: Plant cells Animal cells Fungi Protists
Prokaryote Coloring Worksheet • What bacteria causes strep throat? • What are the oldest life forms on Earth? • What type of bacteria causes food poisoning? • What part of the bacteria cell helps it stick to
surfaces?• What does decompose mean?• What is the control center of the bacteria cell? • What part of the bacteria cell helps it move? • Where do Archaebacteria live? • To what kingdom to common bacteria belong?
Worksheet with Venn Diagram!!!
• Archaebacteria• Eubacteria • Cytoplasm • Ribosomes• No organelles• Plants and Animals • Nucleus • First cells to evolve • More complex cells to evolve
• No Nucleus • Fungi and Protists• DNA • Plasma Membrane • Always has a cell wall• May have a cell wall • Many organelles
9
• Found in plants, fungi, & bacteria
• Made of cellulose in plants
• Made of peptidoglycan in bacteria
• Made of chitin in Fungi
• Made of cellulose in plants
Cell wallCell Wall
10
Centrioles• Found only in animal cells• Paired structures near nucleus• Made of bundle of microtubules• Appear during cell division • Help to pull chromosome pairs
apart to opposite ends of the cell
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts photosynthesis 1. Photosynthetic organelles in plant cells,
containing the chlorophyll pigments
Plasma Membrane
Plasma membrane (Cell Membrane) the bouncer1. Surrounds Cells2. Protected by cellulose and protein cell wall in plants
Microtubules and
Microfilaments
Microtubules and Microfilaments gives structure
1. Structural components of the cell (cytoskeleton) in eukaryotes
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) packager and distributes1. Rough ER - Transport of proteins (roughness is the attached ribosomes)2. Smooth ER – Processing and transport of lipids
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body, Golgi complex) the UPS1. Assembly and editing of proteins
Lysosomes
Lysosomes trash compactor 1. Contain enzymes that break down and help recycle large proteins in animal cells
Mitochondria
Mitochondria the ENERGY man makes ATP
1. Powerhouse ‑ site of ATP synthesis
Nucleus
Nucleus the brain 1. Membranous nuclear envelope2. Chromosomes of DNA and protein (Histones)
19
Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus• Cell may have 1 to 3
nucleoli• Disappears when
cell divides• Makes ribosomes
that make proteins
copyright cmassengale
20
• Controls the normal activities of the cell
• Contains the DNA in chromosomes
• Bounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores
• Usually the largest organelle
The Control Organelle - Nucleus
copyright cmassengale
21
Nuclear Envelope
• Double membrane surrounding nucleus
• Also called nuclear membrane• Contains nuclear pores for
materials to enter & leave nucleus• Connected to the rough ER
Nuclear pores
copyright cmassengale
22
Inside the Nucleus -The genetic material (DNA) is found
DNA is spread out And appears as CHROMATINin non-dividing cells
DNA is condensed & wrapped around proteins forming as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells
copyright cmassengale
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm1. Fluid (Cytosol) and organelles that make up the inside of the cell
Ribosomes
Ribosomes makes proteins1. Attached to Rough ER2. Site of protein synthesis
Vacuoles
Vacuoles: holds water 1. Large central vacuoles in plant cells
contain enzymes and pigments in plant cells
Flagella and Cilia
Flagella and Cilia hairs 1. Cell surface projections for
movement
Comparison:Plant cells Animal cells
Large, central vacuole
Chloroplasts Rigid cell wall No Lysosome No centriole
No large, central vacuole
No chloroplasts No rigid cell wall Lysosomes Centrioles
Cells come from other cells
• Mr Parr
• Cellsalive.com