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Cell Structure: Organelles
Cell Structure
• At first glance, a factory is a puzzling place, and the sheer
diversity of activity can be confusing.
• if you take your time and watch carefully, what might at first
seem like chaos begins to make sense.
• The same is true for the living cell.
Cell Organization
• Organelles: “little organs”• Specialized cell structures
• All have different jobs
•Cytoplasm: the fluid
portion of the cell outside
the nucleus
Here come the
Organelles!!!!!!
The Nucleus
• Control center of the cell
• contains cell’s DNA
• DNA - coded instructions for making proteins and
other important molecules
The Nucleus
• Nuclear envelope – has thousands of pores,
which allow material in and out
• Chromosomes – genetic information passed
from one generation to the next
Vacuoles
• Vacuoles: large and saclike• structures that store materials
• H2O, NaCl, proteins, and carbs
• Only in plant cells
• Liquid-filled vacuole increases rigidity• support for leaves and flowers
Vesicles
•Vesicles: smaller storage structures•move materials around the cell
Lysosomes
• Lysosomes: filled with enzymes that function as
the cell’s cleanup crew• removes “junk” that clutter up the cell
• breaks down fats, carbs, and proteins that can be
used by the rest of the cell
• breaks down old organelles
The Cytoskeleton
• Cytoskeleton: network of filaments that give
cells shape and organization• help transport materials around the cell
• two protein filaments that make up the
cytoskeleton• microfilaments (Smaller)
• microtubules (Larger)
STOP Day 1
Ribosomes
•Ribosomes: small particles of RNA (nucleic
acid) and protein found throughout the
cytoplasm in all cells •make proteins by following instructions from DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Endoplasmic Reticulum: Builds many cell parts• cell membrane, proteins, lipids and carbs
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Rough ER: has ribosomes on surface• Makes proteins
• Smooth ER: NO ribosomes on surface• Makes lipids and carbs
Golgi Apparatus
•Golgi apparatus: sorts and packages what the
ER makes•Packages can be stored, or leave the cell
•How proteins and other materials are “shipped” to
their final destination inside/outside the cell
•
Organelles That Capture and Release Energy
• Chloroplasts (Plants only)
• Mitochondria (Plants and Animals)
All living things require a source of energy
Chloroplasts
•Chloroplasts – capture the
energy from sunlight and
convert it into food in a
process called photosynthesis
•contain the green pigment
chlorophyll
Mitochondria •Mitochondria: power plants of the cell that
convert chemical energy
•ALL eukaryotic cells, including plants, contain
mitochondria
•Take food and make it useable as energy in
the body
Different Types
of Cells
• Different types of cells have different functions
• The structure of a cell is based on its function.• Cells differ in numbers of organelles
• Depending on function
• Cells differ in types of organelles
• Depending on function
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