cell division gone wrong…. cancer. rates of cell division inner lining of small intestine – a...
Post on 04-Jan-2016
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Rates of Cell Division
•Inner lining of small intestine – a week or less
•Pancreas – a year or more•Liver – Cell rarely divide unless injured•Skin – Cells will divide to replace cells
▫Healthy skin – lower rate of cell division•Cancer – Greater rate than the
surrounding tissue
What causes Cancer?•A mutation that occurs in a cell’s DNA that increases it’s rate of cell division
What is Cancer?
•A Cancer cell keeps dividing despite messages from the nucleus to stop growing and dividing
Cancer results in a Tumour• Rapidly growing cells that form a lump
• May or may not affect surrounding cells.
Colon Cancer Cells
Malignant Tumour
• A growth that interferes with the function of neighbouring cells and tissues
• Can destroy surrounding tissue
Secondary Tumours
• A group of cells which breaks away from the original (primary) tumour.
• Metastasis – The process of a cancerous cell travelling through the body to settle in a new location.
Most Common Metastasis SitesBladder Bone, liver, lung
Breast Bone, brain, liver, lung
Colorectal Liver, lung, peritoneum
KidneyAdrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, lung
LungAdrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, other lung
MelanomaBone, brain, liver, lung, skin/muscle
Ovary Liver, lung, peritoneum
Pancreas Liver, lung, peritoneum
ProstateAdrenal gland, bone, liver, lung
Stomach Liver, lung, peritoneum
Thyroid Bone, liver, lung
UterusBone, liver, lung, peritoneum, vagina
Causes of Cancer
•Carcinogens – environmental factorstobacco smoke Radiation (x-rays)UV rays (sun, tanning beds)Some virusesChemicals in some plastics
Causes of Cancer
•HereditaryCalled inherited cancer An abnormal gene (piece of DNA) is passed from parent to child that can potentially cause cancerEx. Genes associated with breast and colon cancers
Cancer Screening•Check to see if inherited DNA is linked to cancer; important with family history of breast or colon cancer.
Colon cancer
Breast Cancer Cells
Cancer Screening•Breast Cancer – regular self examination•Cervical Cancer – regular pap smears•Testicular Cancer – testicular self exam•Prostate Cancer – blood test•Skin Cancer – check moles for “ABCD”Asymmetry, Border, Color, and Diameter
Irregular Mole
Diagnosing Cancer
Imaging Technology•Endoscopy – camera, cable sent into the body to look at tissue and remove tissue samples
Diagnosing Cancer
•X-ray – to view bones/lungs
•Mammogram – to view breast tissue
•Ultrasound – sound waves create a digitalimage
Diagnosing Cancer
•CT or CAT scan – multiple x-rays assembled in an image more detailed than x-rays
•MRI – radio waves create 3D models of images
Treatment for Cancer•Surgery – removal of cancerous tissue
•Chemotherapy• specific drugs to slow/stop cancer division• side effects – hair loss, nausea, fatigue
Treatment for Cancer
•Biophotonics•uses light energy to diagnose and treat living cells• fewer side effects• accurate target with cancer cells
Reducing the Risk
•Lifestyle choices:Healthy Diet – lots of fruits and vegetables, reduced fatty meat.
Exercise – some cancers are associated with higher body fat.
Reducing the RiskAvoid Smoking - every cigarette feeds your body with chemicals which covert in your body to toxic compounds which change
the DNA of body cells.
Vocabulary!Tumour Benign TumourMalignant TumourMutations UltrasoundCarcinogens EndoscopyCT scan BiophotonicsMRI Chemotherapy
Work!1. What is a tumour?2. What does it mean when a tumour goes
through metastasis?3. Why is important to screen yourself for
cancer?4. What is a carcinogen? Identify two
carcinogens.5. Name two different treatments and
indicate how they work. 6. What can you do to prevent yourself
from getting cancer?
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