cell division and cancer
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CELL DIVISION AND CANCERUnit 7 - Mitosis
Mitosis All cells in your body divide
In children and teens, cells divide to assist in growth
In adults, cells divide to replace old cells
Your cells are really good at knowing when they should and shouldn’t divide
Cell Regulators Inside and on the outside of your cells,
you have “regulators” that control cell division.
These regulators act as body guards for the cell, making sure that everything goes according to plan
Internal Cell Regulators These are proteins that respond to
events inside the cell.
Example Make sure mitosis doesn’t happen until
chromosomes are replicated
External Cell Regulators Proteins that respond to events that
happen outside the cell
Examples Speed up or slow down cell division Proteins on neighbor cells can tell the cells
around them to stop growing or to slow down so that they don’t impede other tissue or cells.
What is Cancer? Cancer is a disorder in which some of the
body’s own cells lose their ability to regulate cell growth.
Cancerous cells do not respond to the signals from other cells that tell them to stop or slow down their growth.
When the cells do not stop dividing, a tumor is formed.
Benign and Malignant Tumors Benign Tumors
Non-cancerous tumors Cysts Keloids
Malignant Tumors Cancerous tumors
Here, bad cells (those that cannot stop dividing) break off into your blood or lymph systems and travel to other parts of the body. There, they infect the cells around them, causing mass division of cancer cells.
Invasion and Metastasis
Fact According to the American Cancer
Society, in 2012 there have already been 65, 750 new cases of cancer reported.
4 Basic Types of Cancer Carcinoma
Cancer that begins in the skin or tissues that cover internal organs
Example: melanoma which is a type of skin cancer.
4 Basic Types of Cancer Sarcoma
Cancer that begins in the bones, cartilage, fat, muscles, blood vessels, or other connective/supportive tissue
Example: osteosarcoma which is cancer in the bones
4 Basic Types of Cancer Leukemia
Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood.
Example – Acute Myeloid Leukemia is a cancer that begins in the white blood cells
Normal WBC
Leukemic WBC
4 Basic Types of Cancer Lymphoma/
Myeloma Cancer that begins
in cells associated with the immune system
Example: Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma is a cancer that starts in the lymphocytes (cells of your immune system).
Some Causes of Cancer Exposure to carcinogens
Asbestos lung cancer
Formaldehyde leukemia's, lymphomas, etc.
Exposure to UV rays Tanning Can cause skin cancer
Melanoma Basal cell carcinoma
Causes of Cancer Smoking cigarettes
Contain many carcinogenic chemicals Can cause a variety of cancer
Lung cancer (most common) Throat cancer Oral cancer
Other tobacco products Chewing tobacco
Oral cancer
Other Causes of Cancer Heredity
Breast cancer Kidney Cancer
Viruses HIV
Kaposi Sarcoma HPV
cervical cancer Hepatitis B
liver cancer
How do we detect cancer? MRI Endoscopy X-ray Biopsy Ultra sound
Liver cancers Ovarian cancers
Mammogram Breast cancer For women 40 y/o and
older
How can we treat cancer? Chemotherapy
Drugs given to target rapidly growing cells Not only kills cancer
cells but any rapidly growing cells like hair follicle cells
Surgery Remove the tumor
and surrounding tissue
Radiation treatment Applying
concentrated amount of energy to cancer cells to damage their DNA
Often times a combination of treatments can be used
Vaccines Preventative
To prevent the emergence of cancer in healthy people
Examples HBV
Hepatitis B which can cause liver cancer
Gardasil Cervical cancer
Therapeutic/Treatment Used to treat
cancer
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