ccdm, control of communicable diseases in man

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

IN MANDERMATOPHYTOSIS

DERMATOPHYTOSIS Dermatophytosis and tinea are general

terms applied to fungal infection of keratinized areas of the body (hair, skin, and nails)

Causative agents are dermatophtyes, which are subdivided according to site of infection TINEA BARBAE & TINEA CAPITIS TINEA CRURIS & TINEA CORPORIS TINEA PEDIS ONYCHOMYCOSIS

DERMATOPHYTOSIS CON’T

TINEA BARBAE & TINEA CAPITIS (ringworm of the beard and scalp, Kerion, Favus A fungal disease that begins as a small area of

erythema and/or scaling and spreads peripherally Leaves scaly patches of temporary baldness Infected hairs become brittle and break off easily Occasionally, kerions develop A variety of tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton

Schoenleinii forms favus of the scalp. ***Has a mousy smell.

TINEA BARBAE

TINEA CAPITIS

KERION

FAVUS OF THE SCALP

DERMATOPHYTOSIS CON’T

Examination of the scalp under UV light (wood lamp) Trichophyton Schoenleinii – no flourescence Microsporum – yellow-green flourescence

Wood’s Lamp (UV light)

DERMATOPHYTOSIS CON’T

INFECTIOUS AGENTS Various species of Microsporum and

Trichophyton Important to know the difference for

therapeutic reasons

DERMATOPHYTOSIS CON’T

RESERVOIR Humans harbour T Animals, especially dogs, cats, and cattle

harbour M

DERMATOPHYTOSIS CON’T

MODE OF TRANSMISSION Direct skin to skin or indirect contact

(the backs of seats, barber clippers, combs, hairbrushes, clothing and hats that are contaminated with hair from infected people or animals)

DERMATOPHYTOSIS CON’T

INCUBATION PERIOD Usually 10 to 14 days Viable fungus may persist on contaminated

materials for long periods

DERMATOPHYTOSIS CON’T

SUSCEPTIBILITY Children below the age of puberty are highly

susceptible to M All ages are subject to T infections Reinfections mainly occur for infections

spread amongst humans

DERMATOPHYTOSIS CON’T

METHODS OF CONTROL Educate the public Survey heads of young children by UV light

before school entry in the presence of epidemics or in hyperendemic areas where the species is prevalent.

In mild cases, daily washing of the scalp Sulfide shampoos help remove scales In severe cases, wash and cover with a cap,

which should be boiled after use.

TINEA CRURIS & TINEA CORPORIS

TINEA CRURIS Ringworm of the groin and perianal region Also known as “jock itch”

TINEA CRURIS & TINEA CORPORIS

TINEA CORPORIS Ringworm of the body

TINEA CRURIS & TINEA CORPORIS

INCUBATION PERIOD Usually 4 to 10 days Widespread, aggravated by friction and

excessive perspiration in axillary and inguinal regions and when temps and humidity are high

All ages are susceptible

TINEA CRURIS & TINEA CORPORIS

METHOD OF CONTROL Launder towels and clothing with hot water

and fungicidal agent General cleanliness in public showers and

dressing rooms Thorough bathing with soap and water for

removal of scabs and crusts and application of topical fungicide (miconazole, clotrimazole, etc)

TINEA PEDIS

TINEA PEDIS Ringworm of the foot Also known as Athlete’s Foot

ATHLETE’S FOOT

ONYCHOMYCOSIS

ONYCHOMYCOSIS Ringworm of the nails Nail gradually becomes detached from the

nail bed, thickens, and becomes discolored and brittle

The nail eventually becomes chalky and disintegrates

DX: is made by micro exam of potassium hydroxide preps of the nail and a culture

ONYCHOMYCOSIS

RESERVOIR Humans, rarely animals So which one? T or M? Incubation period is unknown

ONYCHOMYCOSIS

ANY QUESTIONS????