carboeurope annual meeting poznan, 8-12 oct. 2007 recent co 2 gradients over europe m.ramonet,...
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Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
Recent CORecent CO22 gradients over Europe gradients over Europe
M.Ramonet, P.Ciais et al.
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
Marine & Continental sites over EuropeMarine & Continental sites over Europe
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
The COThe CO22 time series over Europe time series over Europe
PUY (all data)
ORL (2000-3000m)
SCH (all data)
HH1 (all data)
PAL (all data)
BAL (ESRL/NOAA flask)
BSC (ESRL/NOAA flask)
PUY (all data)
ORL (2000-3000m)
SCH (selected data)
HH1 (selected data)
PAL (selected data)
BAL (ESRL/NOAA flask)
BSC (ESRL/NOAA flask)
Monthly means or individual flask data
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
The COThe CO22 time series over Europe time series over Europe
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
Annual COAnnual CO22 offset to Mace Head offset to Mace Head
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
Sensitivity to the ref. site Sensitivity to the ref. site
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
Sensitivity to the data selection Sensitivity to the data selection
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
What are the main drivers
for trend and interannual variability
of CO2 gradients over Europe ?
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
Winter NAOWinter NAO
Winter (Dec-Mar) Station Based NAO Indexhttp://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/jhurrell/indices.data.html#naostatmon
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
PBL height from radiosoundingsPBL height from radiosoundings
Mean SUMMER inland trend:
200m/10years: 2%/year
Mean YEAR inland:
100m/10years: 1%/year
Vautard et al.
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
PBL height from ECMWFPBL height from ECMWF
Comparison ECMWF vs radiosoundings ?
Strong interest for collocated observations of PBL height and CO2
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
Fossil fuel emissions from CDIACFossil fuel emissions from CDIAC
Paris et al.
Eastern = Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Austria, Eastern europe
Western = France, UK, Ireland, Benelux
Mediterranean = Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece
Northern = Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, + 3 baltic states
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
Corbières et al., 2007
Sea surface COSea surface CO22 in N.Atlantic in N.Atlantic
SINK
SOURCE
fCO2 (µatm) calculated with DIC and TA (53°N - 62°N)
The ocean fCO2 evolution is mainly related to sea surface
warming, up to 2°C since 1993 and results in a large changes for
the air-sea CO2 fluxes
8
Atmosphere(MHD)
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
Calculation of COCalculation of CO22 gradients gradients
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
BSC
BAL
BSC: Local Time - 2 hour(s) = UTC
BAL: Local Time - 1 hour(s) = UTC
Influence of the Influence of the flask sampling timeflask sampling time
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
Influence of the flask sampling timeInfluence of the flask sampling time
All flasks Selected flasks
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
Seasonal trends compared to Mace HeadSeasonal trends compared to Mace Head
PUY (all data)
ORL (2000-3000m)
SCH (selected data)
HH1 (selected data)
PAL (selected data)
BAL (ESRL/NOAA flask)
BSC (ESRL/NOAA flask)
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
COCO22 COCO
Comparison of COComparison of CO22 & CO trends & CO trends
NOAA flasks
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
[1995-2000] vs [2001-2005]
CO2 gradient increased by ~35%
~ +0.3 PgC y-1
Fossil fuel increased by ~3% ~ +0.03 PgC y-1
2003 anomalyEcosystems = +0.5 PgC y-1
[Ciais et al., 2005]
Fossil fuel = +0.9 ± 0.02 PgC y-1
[UNFCC: 1990-2003]
Ecosystems = -0.11 ± 0.28 PgC y-1
[Janssens et al., 2003]
=> European carbon balance +0.8 ± 0.3 PgC y-1
EU carbon fluxesEU carbon fluxes
Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007
• CO2 gradients between many continental sites (PUY, ORL, HH1, BAL, BSC) and marine sites over Europe are higher (~35%) in 2001‑2005 compared to 1993‑2000.
• Not highly sensitive to the data selection schemes.
• Some sites (PUY, BAL) show a higher signal in Spring.
• Fossil fuel emissions are increasing (+3%), but do not seem to explain the observed signal (factor of 10). CO gradients are not increasing (BAL, BSC, HUN).
• Results consistent with Ciais et al.(2005) => 3-5 years anomaly ?
To be investigated:
• Changes in the atmospheric transport• Changes in the spatial distribution of anthropogenic sources• Other dataset (eddy flux time series, satellite data, ...)
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