carboeurope annual meeting poznan, 8-12 oct. 2007 recent co 2 gradients over europe m.ramonet,...

Carboeurope Annual MeetingPoznan, 8-12 Oct. 2007

Recent CORecent CO22 gradients over Europe gradients over Europe

M.Ramonet, P.Ciais et al.


Marine & Continental sites over EuropeMarine & Continental sites over Europe


The COThe CO22 time series over Europe time series over Europe

PUY (all data)

ORL (2000-3000m)

SCH (all data)

HH1 (all data)

PAL (all data)

BAL (ESRL/NOAA flask)

BSC (ESRL/NOAA flask)

PUY (all data)

ORL (2000-3000m)

SCH (selected data)

HH1 (selected data)

PAL (selected data)



Monthly means or individual flask data


The COThe CO22 time series over Europe time series over Europe


Mean seasonal gradientsMean seasonal gradients


Annual COAnnual CO22 offset to Mace Head offset to Mace Head


Sensitivity to the ref. site Sensitivity to the ref. site


Sensitivity to the data selection Sensitivity to the data selection


Seasonal 5-years trendsSeasonal 5-years trends


What are the main drivers

for trend and interannual variability

of CO2 gradients over Europe ?


Winter NAOWinter NAO

Winter (Dec-Mar) Station Based NAO Indexhttp://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/jhurrell/indices.data.html#naostatmon


PBL height from radiosoundingsPBL height from radiosoundings

Mean SUMMER inland trend:

200m/10years: 2%/year

Mean YEAR inland:

100m/10years: 1%/year

Vautard et al.


PBL height from ECMWFPBL height from ECMWF

Comparison ECMWF vs radiosoundings ?

Strong interest for collocated observations of PBL height and CO2


Fossil fuel emissions from CDIACFossil fuel emissions from CDIAC

Paris et al.

Eastern = Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Austria, Eastern europe

Western = France, UK, Ireland, Benelux

Mediterranean = Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece

Northern = Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, + 3 baltic states


Corbières et al., 2007

Sea surface COSea surface CO22 in N.Atlantic in N.Atlantic

SINK

SOURCE

fCO2 (µatm) calculated with DIC and TA (53°N - 62°N)

The ocean fCO2 evolution is mainly related to sea surface

warming, up to 2°C since 1993 and results in a large changes for

the air-sea CO2 fluxes

8

Atmosphere(MHD)


Calculation of COCalculation of CO22 gradients gradients


BSC

BAL

BSC: Local Time - 2 hour(s) = UTC

BAL: Local Time - 1 hour(s) = UTC

Influence of the Influence of the flask sampling timeflask sampling time


Influence of the flask sampling timeInfluence of the flask sampling time

All flasks Selected flasks


Seasonal trends compared to Mace HeadSeasonal trends compared to Mace Head

PUY (all data)

ORL (2000-3000m)

SCH (selected data)

HH1 (selected data)

PAL (selected data)




COCO22 COCO

Comparison of COComparison of CO22 & CO trends & CO trends

NOAA flasks


[1995-2000] vs [2001-2005]

CO2 gradient increased by ~35%

~ +0.3 PgC y-1

Fossil fuel increased by ~3% ~ +0.03 PgC y-1

2003 anomalyEcosystems = +0.5 PgC y-1

[Ciais et al., 2005]

Fossil fuel = +0.9 ± 0.02 PgC y-1

[UNFCC: 1990-2003]

Ecosystems = -0.11 ± 0.28 PgC y-1

[Janssens et al., 2003]

=> European carbon balance +0.8 ± 0.3 PgC y-1

EU carbon fluxesEU carbon fluxes


• CO2 gradients between many continental sites (PUY, ORL, HH1, BAL, BSC) and marine sites over Europe are higher (~35%) in 2001‑2005 compared to 1993‑2000.

• Not highly sensitive to the data selection schemes.

• Some sites (PUY, BAL) show a higher signal in Spring.

• Fossil fuel emissions are increasing (+3%), but do not seem to explain the observed signal (factor of 10). CO gradients are not increasing (BAL, BSC, HUN).

• Results consistent with Ciais et al.(2005) => 3-5 years anomaly ?

To be investigated:

• Changes in the atmospheric transport• Changes in the spatial distribution of anthropogenic sources• Other dataset (eddy flux time series, satellite data, ...)

carboeurope annual meeting poznan, 8-12 oct. 2007 recent co 2 gradients over europe m.ramonet,...

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