by michael fuad
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HARVESTING MICROALGAE (CHLAMYDOMONAS
REINHARDTII) FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION USING
WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
By Michael Fuad
Potential of Algae
http://geography.about.com/library/blank/blxusa.htm
Potential of Algae
http://geography.about.com/library/blank/blxusa.htm
Potential of Algae
Complete Process Producing Biofuel
Complete Process Producing Biofuel
Complete Process Producing Biofuel
Complete Process Producing Biofuel
Complete Process Producing Biofuel
Complete Process Producing Biofuel
Esterification produces biofuels
What is the problem?
• Algae cost $20.00/gallon of biofuel• Furthermore, a significant part of that
production cost is associated with harvesting microalgae
Background
• 10 µm
http://algae.tcoalternativefuels.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/chlorellasp_microscope.jpg
10 µm
Background
http://www.steve.gb.com/images/science/centrifugation.png
Background
Alternative Harvesting Methods:1. Ultrasonic separation—Bosma et al. (2003)
Background
Alternative Harvesting Methods:1. Ultrasonic separation2. Froth flotation—Csordas et al. (2004)
Background
Alternative Harvesting Methods:1. Ultrasonic separation2. Froth flotation3. Flocculation
Background
http://globalpolyglu.com/treatment1-2.html
Background
http://globalpolyglu.com/treatment1-2.html
Background
http://globalpolyglu.com/treatment1-2.html
Background
• Water and Wastewater Technology by Hammer and Hammer (1996) explained flocculation
Background
• A Lee et al. (2007)—algae are negatively charged microparticles
Hypothesis
• I hypothesized that chemicals used in wastewater treatments could be used to flocculate microalgae
Background
• Knuckey et al. (2006)—identified factors that affect flocculation, i.e. pH and dosage
Goals
1. Determine if flocculation is an effective alternative to centrifugation for harvesting C. reinhardtii from suspension; and
2. Identify factors that optimize flocculation of C. reinhardtii in order to achieve harvesting efficiency that is similar to or better than centrifugation in preparation for biofuel production.
Procedure
• Measure effectiveness of harvesting by flocculation using spectrophotometer, measuring optical density (absorbance)
Materials: Ionic Compounds
1. Aluminum sulfate—Al2(SO4)3 2. Ferric chloride—FeCl3
3. Calcium carbonate—CaCO3
4. Ammonium sulfate—(NH4)2SO4
Materials: Polyacrylamides
Results
Results
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
pH 7.00pH 3.00
Ionic Compound
Floc
cula
tion
Effici
ency
Al2(SO4)3 FeCl3 CaCO3 (NH4)2SO4
Results
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
pH 7.00pH 3.00
Ionic Compound
Floc
cula
tion
Effici
ency
Al2(SO4)3 FeCl3 CaCO3 (NH4)2SO4
Results
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
pH 7.00pH 3.00
Ionic Compound
Floc
cula
tion
Effici
ency
Al2(SO4)3 FeCl3 CaCO3 (NH4)2SO4
Results: pH 3.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 130.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
Polyacrylamide Number
Floc
cula
tion
Effici
ency
Results: pH 3.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 130%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Polyacrylamide Number
Floc
cula
tion
Effici
ency
Results: pH 3.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 130%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Polyacrylamide Number
Floc
cula
tion
Effici
ency
Conclusions
• Flocculation effectively harvests microalgae• The optimum flocculation technique is to use
Clarifloc Polyacrylamide C-6288 at a pH of 3.00 and a dosage of 0.025 g flocculant/g dry algae
• Since flocculation is more efficient than centrifugation, flocculation is a less expensive method of harvesting microalgae
Limitations
• My research limited to a single species of algae
• Flocculation factors might vary for different algae species
• Effect of chemicals on environment is experimentally unknown. However, theoretically, flocculation is safe for environment
Future Work
• Engineer a continuous flocculation system
• Apply the flocculation techniques to other microalgae species with potential
http://brator.sinto.co.jp/global/picture/dspirast.jpg
Acknowledgements
• Dr. Roger Ruan• Science Research Team• Mrs. Fruen• Mr. Hall
http://www.bioeconomyconference.org/07%20Images/ruan.jpg
HARVESTING MICROALGAE (CHLAMYDOMONAS
REINHARDTII) FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION USING
WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
By Michael Fuad
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