building web 2.0: next-generation data centers
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Dr. Werner Vogels
Chief Technology Officer
Amazon.com
Web‐Scale ComputingCompete on Ideas, Not Resources
Online Retail Business• Over 72 million active customer accounts• Seven countries: US, UK, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, China• World‐Class Logistics – Multiple national fulfillment centers: Over 10
million ft2
Merchant Business• Over 1.2 million active seller accounts• Fulfillment by Amazon & Web Store by Amazon• Amazon Enterprise Services
Developer Business• Hundreds of thousands of Amazon Associates• Over 290,000 software developers registered to use Amazon Web
Services
What is Amazon.com?
• Amazon Web Services
• 290,000 registered developers
• 10 different web service offerings, including:– Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)
– Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)
– Amazon Flexible Payments Service (Amazon FPS)
Amazon’s Developer Business
Who said oneDatacenteris enough …
The Reliability of Hard Disks
Failure Trends in a Large Disk Drive PopulationEduardo Pinheiro, Wolf-Dietrich Weber and Luiz André Barroso
Dream or Nightmare?
• Scale to 100% ‐ 1000% increase popularity?• Provide 4 nines uptime?• Survive a complete datacenter failure?• Survive a router flapping?• While keeping cost low at the same time?
Chapter 4: Priorities – Scale Later – It is too hard to get right Chapter 4: Priorities – Scale Later – It is too hard to get right
The 70/30 SwitchThe 70/30 Switch
Scalable Infrastructure that allows your applications to meet infinite demand, cheaply and reliably
Scalable Infrastructure that allows your applications to meet infinite demand, cheaply and reliably
Amazon Web Services
22222222
Amazon Simple Storage ServiceAmazon S3 is Storage for the Internet
• Scalable– Can store an unlimited number of objects
• Reliable– Redundant across multiple datacenters– Availability SLA
• Fast– Low‐latency access and delivery
• Simple– Easy web services interface for developers
• Inexpensive– Uses Amazon’s cost‐efficient infrastructure
Objects Stored in Amazon S3
5,000,000,000
April 2007
10,000,000,000
October 2007
800,000,000
July 2006
Amazon S3 now in Europe!
• Developers can now choose storage in Europe
• Low latency access and delivery to Europe at a very low price
Creating a Storage Bucket in EuropePUT / HTTP/1.1Host: mybucket.s3.amazonaws.comContent-Length: 111Date: Mon, 05 Nov 2007 12:00:00 GMTAuthorization: AWS
15B4D3461F177624206A:xQE0diMbLRepdf3YB+FIEXAMPLE=
<CreateBucketConfiguration><LocationConstraint>
EU</LocationConstraint>
</CreateBucketConfiguration>
Amazon S3 European Pricing
• StorageUS$ 0.18 per GB‐Month of storage used
• Data TransferUS$ 0.10 per GB ‐ all data transfer inUS$ 0.18 per GB ‐ first 10 TB / month data transfer outUS$ 0.16 per GB ‐ next 40 TB / month data transfer outUS$ 0.13 per GB ‐ data transfer out / month over 50 TB
• RequestsUS$ 0.012 per 1,000 PUT or LIST requestsUS$ 0.012 per 10,000 GET and all other requests
http://aws.amazon.com
Web‐scale Computing
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