build a boat… hope it floats - lhs science -...

Build a Boat… Hope it Floats

Build a boat capable of floating as many

pennies as possible.

Provided a list of materials and their "prices".

Build your boat to meet the time and size

regulations . . .

The Build a Boat Hope it Floats Boat Float-Off

begins 15 minutes from the time I say "Build

Your Boat".

Boats cannot be larger than 4 x 6 x 10

centimeters.

Calculate the total cost of your boat.

The winner of the Boat Float-off is the group

earning the lowest score based on the following

equation:

Score = Total Cost

# of pennies floated

(Boat dimensions cannot exceed 4 cm x 6 cm x 10 cm)

Your whiteboard must include the following: A complete list of materials and the individual costs as well as your

total cost.

Your calculated score = total cost # of pennies

A list of things you discussed when designing the boat.

A list of any obstacles that kept you from building a better boat.

What were your boat's best/worst features?

How many of you could build a better boat now

that you’ve tested yours and seen others

tested?

CHEMISTRY EQUIPMENT

Unit 1: Nature of Science

Branches of Chemistry

Physical Inorganic

Biochemistry

Organic

Analytical

Lab Safety

Hazard Labels

Element symbols to memorize

What is chemistry?

the science that investigates structures and

properties of matter (anything composed of atoms)

Why does water have unique properties?

Why are diamonds so hard?

Why is wax so soft?

How do batteries work?

Why are some elements radioactive?

Properties of Matter

Physical Properties Chemical properties

Can be observed without a chemical change

occurring

Can be observed only when a chemical change

occurs

Ex: That door is brown. The walls are white and

solid. The water coming out of the faucet is a

liquid.

Ex: Paper burns. Plants experience

photosynthesis. An old bike rusts.

Properties of Matter

There are 2 measurable physical properties:

Physical and Chemical Changes

Physical change: atoms are not rearranged

into new substances.

Physical changes include all changes

of state (evaporation, melting, boiling,

sublimation, etc).

Physical and Chemical Changes

Chemical change: bonds are broken

between atoms and new bonds are formed to

make new substances.

“Matter and Change” concept map

Matter and change concept mapAll of the terms below are related in some way so your job is to create a concept map showing their relationship. The arrangement of the terms

is up to you but the branching needs to make sense. For each term you will need to define it in some way- you can start by looking in the book

(pages 34-52) but really try and change them where they make sense to you. You will also need to include a drawing for half of the terms (15)-

the drawing could be an example or something that clarifies the definition. *The starred items will need a minimum of 3 examples each.* When

completed take a picture of your concept map and turn it in on google classroom- make sure entire group names are on there and visible.

Matter Mass

Pure substance Law of conservation of mass

Volume Element*

Intensive property* Compound*

Extensive property* Mixture

Density Homogeneous mixture*

States of matter Heterogeneous mixture*

Solid* Solution

Liquid* Filtration

Gas* Distillation

Physical property* Precipitate

Chemical property* Law of definite proportions

Physical change* Chemical reaction

Chemical change* Reactant

Product

SEPARATION OF MIXTURES

Scientific measurement

Mass: measure of how much matter is in a

substance (g, kg)

Is your mass the

same on the Earth

and moon?

Scientific measurement

Weight: Measure of gravity’s pull on matter

(lbs, oz, N)

Volume: Measure of how much

space is taken up (mL, L)

Scientific measurement

Two types of data:

Quantitative (quantities)

Qualitative (qualities)

Examples of each?

Graphing

Independent vs. Dependent variable?

Scientific Measurement

Scientific measurements need to have a numerical value (in chemistry these will often be very BIG or

very small numbers)

Scientific notation:

Rewrite in scientific notation

1. The population of the world is about 7,117,000,000.

2. The distance from Earth to the Sun is about 92,960,000

miles.

3. The human body contains approximately

60,000,000,000,000 to 90,000,000,000,000 cells.

4. The mass of a particle of dust is 0.000000000753 kg.

5. The length of the shortest wavelength of visible light (violet)

is 0.0000004 meters.

Find a really small or large number that would be better shared in scientific notation.

to do SN on your calculator….

Scientific Measurement

Along with numerical values you always need units (kg, m, cm3, kPa)

Units tell you what property you are measuring

SI units: International System of Units

Scientific Measurements

Measurements also need to be reliable (repeatable)

So when you collect data make measurements with accuracy and precision…

Accuracy: how close a measurement agrees with a true or accepted value.

Precision: how close several trials making the same measurement are to each other.

Accurate or precise?

On formula chart:

Percent Error Calculations

1. Suppose you calculate your semester grade in chemistry to be a 90.1, but you receive a grade of

89.4 on your report card. What is your percent error?

2. On a bathroom scale, a person always weighs 2.5 lbs less than on the scale at the doctor’s

office. What is the percent error of the bathroom scale if the person’s actual weight is 125 lbs?

Reporting Measurements

Significant figure activity

Reporting Measurements

When making measurements report all numbers

that you know with certainty….

And then one digit of uncertainty (estimation)

Reporting Measurements

Measurements need to be reported to the correct number of significant figures

Significant figures: All the numbers in a measurement (including one uncertain one)

On formula chart:

The exceptions:

Don’t worry about sig figs when:

-a number is arrived at by counting (35 people in a room)

-when a number is definition/conversion factor (60 seconds in 1 minute)

How many sig figs?

Measured value:

1. 98

2. .98

3. 980

4. 0.0098

5. 0.009800

6. 98098

7. 980.

8. 1.60 x 108

4. _____

Rounding to correct sig figs

Reporting answers with sig figs

Rules for adding or subtracting:

1. Figure out which number has the least number of decimal places and your

answer can only be to that place

150.0 g H2O

+ 0.507 g NaCl

150.507 g

Reporting Answers with sig figs

Rules for multiplying or dividing:

-Figure out which number in the problem has the least number of sig figs

and that is the number of sig figs that you can have in your answer

(320.5 - 6104.5 / 2.3)

863 x [1255 – (3.45 x 108)]

METRIC

CONVERSIONS

Metric prefix Symbol Relationship Factor

Mega- M 1Mm=1,000,000m 106

Kilo- k 1km=1,000m 103 1000 times larger than base unit

Hector- h 1hm=100m 102 100 times larger than base unit

Deka- da 1dam=10m 101 10 times larger than base unit

base unit (meter, gram) m, g base unit 1

Deci- d 10dm=1m 10-1 10 times smaller than base unit

Centi- c 100cm=1m 10-2 100 times smaller than base unit

Milli- m 1,000mm=1m 10-3 1000 times smaller than base unit

Micro- µ 1,000,000µm=1m 10-6

Nano- n 1,000,000,000nm=1m 10-9

Pico- p 1,000,000,000pm=1m 10-12

Dimensional Analysis

Remember these two ideas: 1. Any number can be multiplied by 1 without changing its value. 2. Multiplying by a conversion factor is like multiplying by 1 because the numerator and the denominator are equal.

In your notebook show your work for the following problems: 1. Convert 23.9 km to m.

2. Convert 4.7 L to mL.

3. Convert 22.8 cm to m.

4. Convert 85 mL to L.

5. Convert 34.89 x 10-6 m to km.

Multi-Step Dimensional Analysis

How many hours are in a fortnight (2 weeks)?

How many inches are there in a football field?

6. Convert your weight in pounds to kilograms if 1 kg= 2.2 lbs.

7. Measure your height in centimeters using the meter stick. Convert your height to kilometers.

8. Measure your arm span in inches. Convert your arm span to centimeters using this conversion factor: 2.54 cm=1 inch.

9. Find the length of a pencil in miles. 1.6 km =1 mi 100 cm =1 m 1,000 m =1 km

10. Find the mass of the paper clip in tons. 2.2 lbs =1 kg 2,000 lbs =1 ton 1kg =1,000g

11. Find the maximum length of time you can hold your breath, in years. 365 days =1 year 24 hours =1 day 60 min =1 hour 60 s =1 min

12. A cheetah can run 72 miles per hour. What is their speed in kilometers per minute.

13. If an object has a density of 15 grams per milliliter, what is it’s density in pounds per gallon.

1 shloom= 7 wibbles 1 gruffle- 60 shlooms6 norleys= 1 fubbyloofer 1 bleep= 12 wibbles1 snorp= 10 norleys 1 bleep= 3 snorps

In a very foreign country, units of time have some very odd sounding names. In the box below, the relationships between units have been given.

Use the conversion factors above to perform the following calculations. Show all of you work!Start with what is given and multiply by the appropriate conversion factor(s). Make sure to include the unit with your answer.1. 2.5 fubbyloofers= _______________ norleys2. 8.0 norleys= _______________bleeps3. 3.4 wibbles= _______________snorps4. 20.3 snorps= _______________fubbyloofers5. 97.2 gruffles= _______________ wibbles6. 5.6 wibbles= _______________fubbyloofers

Density

The measure of how much mass is contained in a given unit of volume.

-It depends on what the composition of the matter is (intensive physical

property), not how much you have.

density of 1g or iron = density of 10g iron

It depends on 2 things:

-how tightly packed the atoms are

-what the atoms are

Density of common materials

The density of water is 1.00 g/cm3.

Objects with a density greater than

1.00 g/cm3 will sink in water.

Objects with a density less than

1.00 g/cm3 will float in water.

Calculating density

On formula chart:

Calculating density

On formula chart:

3. What is the density of a piece of wood that has a mass of 85.4 g and dimensions of 5.67 cm by 2.23 cm by 10.4 cm?

4. A metal cylinder has a diameter of 4.4 cm and a height of 10.5 cm. If the cylinder is silver, which has a densityof 10.5 g/cm3, what is its mass? V = πr2h (Use 3.14 for pi)