bud 1. douglas fir “christmas tree”, erect branches

BUD

1. Douglas Fir“Christmas tree”, erect branches

Douglas Fir 1 of 3 dominant trees, needles go all around the stem, cones with ‘rat tails’, pointed buds

Western Hemlock

Needles of 2 different lengths, flat spray, drooping top = Western Hemlock

2. Western Red Cedar

Western Red Cedar,

1 of 3 co-dominants in PNW,

Wetlands, scale-like leaves,

Tiny cones

Bigleaf Maple“5 fingers”

flowers

Branching Patterns

All Maples have Opposite Branching Patterns

Vine MapleOpposite branching 7-9 “fingers”

Winged seeds

Black Cottonwood

Black Cottonwoods live to about 100 years, and may drop their heavy branches at any time, hence their nickname “Widowmakers.”

Pacific or Coast Rhododendron Washington State Flower

Rhododendrondull evergreen

leaf

Red Alder: deciduous tree, simple leaves, wetlands

Red Alder – Alternate branching, simple leaves

Pacific Madrone

Likes drierSunny spots,Many have a fungal disease.

Willows• Wetlands,

facultative• Salicylic acid• Waxy or hairy

leaves• Good for

restoration as broken stems reroot

Pacific Willow

Piper's WillowPacific Willow

Native Wetland shrubs

Pacific Willow with flowering catkins

SHRUBS

Salal Shrub, native, evergreen, simple leaf, alternate branching, edible berries!

Oregon Grape

Shrub, compound evergreen leaf

Wild Rose/ Nooka Rose, shrub, compound leaf,

alternate branching

Wild Rose with ‘rose hips’

Wild Strawberry Native, Rose family

Salmonberry Rubus sp. Native, rose family

Salmonberry, edible fruit Rubus sp. Native

“Evil” Himalayan Blackberry, rose family

invasive non-native, compound 5-part leaflet, big thorns

Goats: Living Weed EatersInstead of herbicides, some people turn to goats to clear properties of invasive weeds.

Japanese Knotweed,

invasive non-native

Ocean SprayNative, alternate

branching, simple leaf

Ocean Spray

Goatsbeard

Elderberrycompound leaves, opposite branching

NinebarkAlternate branching, simple leaves!

Red flowering current

HERBS

Oxalis

Skunk CabbageNative Obligate wetland species. Height: 1-5 feet

Bleeding Heart

English Ivy - Invasive non-native, climbing trees

Reed canary grass is an invasive species in wetlands, three to six feet in height.  It forms dense, single species stands that pose a major threat to many wetland ecosystems. The species grows so vigorously that it is able to inhibit and eliminate competing species .

Reed canary grass

Ferns and other spore reproducing plants + lichens

Swordfern likes upland soils, but maybe found near wetlands on a hummock of higher ground.

The dots under the Swordfern leaves are spores

Horsetails

Wetlands

Whorled branching

Spores for reproduction

Lichens- symbiosis of algae + fungi

the grey flakey stuff growing on the tree branches or on rocks

Sometimes lichens grow on rocks!