buchroithner - multitemporal remote sensing-based 3d mapping of glacier changes in remote areas
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TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping of glacier changes in remote
areas
Manfred F. Buchroithner, Tino Pieczonka, Nicolai Holzer, Benjamin Schröter
Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Kartographie
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Introduction
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
Background
Glacial melt significantly contributes to the water resource.
Lack of long-term measurements of glacier mass budgets
Existing studies are focusing on single glaciers or small catchments only:
- Ak-Shirak (Aizen et al. 2007, GaPC)
- Tomur region (Pieczonka et al. 2013, RSE; Wang et al. 2013, QI)
- Inylchek glacier (Shangguan et al. 2014, TCD)
- Gurla Mandhata (Holzer et. al., submitted to RSE)
- Muztag Ata (Holzer et al., in prep. for TC)
No region-wide geodetic mass balance studies for many regions in High Asia since the 1970s!
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Introduction
Cartosat-1 2007
Aerial imagery 1984Corona 1970
The cryosphere has changed tremendously during the last
decades
We have to know the past in order to understand the presence!
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
Elevation difference of all HMA glaciers 2003 – 2009 based on ICESat
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Introduction
Gardner et al. (2013), Science
clear mass loss
clear mass loss
heterogeneous mass changescl
ear
mass
loss
1973 – 2013
Þ Geodetic assessments to improve spatial and temporal
coverage
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Introduction
Mass Budget Data for Tien Shan (Sorg et al. 2012)
23
4
6
51
Available data from in-situ measurements (and modelling)
Tien Shan
PamirKarakorum
Hindukush
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
Mass budget data published by Yao et al. (2012)
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Data
KH-4 Corona, KH-7 Gambit, KH-9 Hexagon
Historical satellite imagery
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Study Region
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Study Region
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Study Region
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Study Region
Tino Pieczonka et al. The suitability of historical optical satellite imagery
for investigations of the cryosphere
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Study Region
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
Terrestrial camera system, Zhadang Glacier 2010/2011
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Data
Data characteristics
KH-4 KH-7 KH-9
First launch 1959 1963 1971
Geometric. res.
1.8-7.6 m 0.6 – 1.2 m 6-9 m
Radiometric res.
8 Bit 8 Bit 8 Bit
Spectral res. Panchromatic Panchromatic Panchromatic
Coverage 15 x 210 – 42 x 580 km
ca. 20 x 150 km
250 x 125 km
Preprocessing RectificationGeoreferencing
RectificationGeoreferencing
RectificationGeoreferencing
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
Forward (FWD)
approx. 60% overlap
Aft (AFT)
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Camera KH-4
KH-4 Corona
Initial objectives: Gathering information about the military strenght of the former Soviet Union
Panoramic distortion plus motionSohn et al. (2002)
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Results KH-4
Everest Region
DEM ComparisonCartosat-1 – KH-4B
Corona(2007 – 1970)
Bolch et al. (2011), The CryospherePieczonka et al. (2011), ISPRS
Glacier mass loss: almost 0.6 km³
Glaciers thinning: 0.37±0.27 m a-1
Specific mass balance: -0.32±0.08 m w.e.a-1
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Camera – KH-7
KH-7 Gambit
Monocamera system
-> random stereoscopic coverage
KH-7 vs. KH-4:
High resolution 77 inch focal length (cf. 24 inch KH-4) telescopic strip camera system ... large area of coverage and improved ground resolution (<1 m vs. 8 m)
18 000 panchromatic and 230 color images acquired
-> only few of them in stereo
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
Glacier length changes from 1964 to 2013 at Gurla Mandhata (Holzer et al., sumitted to RSE)
KH-7 Gambit-1 ortho image of 5 Dec. 1964 vs. Pleiades ortho image of 18 Oct. 2013
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Camera KH-9
KH-9 Hexagon
Camera design of KH-9 comparable to that of LFC (Surazakov and Aizen, 2009)
-> 23x46 cm frame, 30.5 cm focal length
-> 1058 reseau crosses vs. 45 (LFC), four fiducials vs. 12 (LFC)
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Preprocessing KH-9
KH-9 Hexagon
Reconstruction of interior image geometry by use of reseau grid coordinates
Basic assumptions: Cross spacing 1 cm, centre cross undistorted
Correction of film distortion based on 2nd order polynomial
Distortion vectors from actual to theoretic reseau
grid coordinates
Bicubic interpolation/Inpaint
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
1987-03-24 1987-07-22
Results KH-9
Length Changes 1976-2005 (Nyainqentanglha/Tibet)
Zhadang: 225 ± 45m (~8m/a)
480 ± 45m (~17m/a)
430 ± 45m (~15m/a)
125 ± 45m (~4m/a)
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Glacier Area Changes
MB: -0.52 ± 0.17 m w.e./a MB: -0.34 ± 0.18 m
w.e./a
MB: -0.22 ± 0.17 m w.e./a
Glacier retreat 1975-2008 3.7±4.8 % with decreasing shrinkage rates west to east.
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Multitemporal DTM
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
Glacier mass budgets
Tomur-Inylchek region
ID Glacier MB [m w.e.a-
1]
Δa a-1
[%]ΔhDebris a-1
[m a-1]
9 Kaindy -0.28±0.17 -0.14±0.14 -1.25±0.20
11 Tomur -0.57±0.17 -0.02±0.08 -1.50±0.20
12 South In.
-0.27±0.17 -0.07±0.05 -0.87±0.20
13 North In.
-0.20±0.17 +0.13±0.08
+0.36±0.20
14 Koxkar -0.34±0.18 -0.03±0.08 -0.78±0.21
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
Glacier tongue of Kaindy glacier with exposed ice cliffs
Photo: T. Pieczonka, 2012
Results KH-9
1999 (SRTM3) – 2009 (SPOT5)
Glacier Volume Change (Tomur Region)
1976 (KH-9) – 2009 (SRTM3)
Pieczonka et al. (2013), RSE
Mass budget 1976-2009-0.35 ± 0.15 m w.e./a
Mass budget 1999-2009-0.23 ± 0.19 m w.e./a
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
Long-term glacier variations at Muztag Ata (eastern Pamir) from 1973 – 2013 (Holzer et al, in prep. for TC)
Glaciers shrinkage from 274.3 ± 10.6 km² (1973) to 272.7 ± 1.0 km² in 2013 (-0.02±0.1%a-1) is insignificant. Mass budgets are almostbalanced from 1973-2013 (-0.01±0.30 m w.e.a-1), but slightly more negative before 1999 and more positive afterwards.
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
High resolution Digital Elevation Models (1m) from Pléiades stereo imagery at Muztag Ata and Gurla Mandhata (Holzer et al, in prep. for TC)
Hillshade showing the middle part of the debris covered Kekesayi Glacier at Muztag Ata in the east Pamir.
DEM Difference images to SRTM-3 after post-processing for glacier mass balance calculation and uncertainty assessment
Glacier mass balance of Gurla Glacier: -0,21±0.18 m w.e.a-1 determined from both Pléiades and TanDEM-X DEMs relative to SRTM-3
DEM of Pléiades (2013) to SRTM-3 (1999) DEM of TanDEM-X (2012) to SRTM-3 (1999)
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Glacier variations at Gurla Mandhata (Naimona’nyi), Tibet: a multi-sensoral approach including TanDEM-X, Pléiades and KH-7 Gambit-1 (Holzer et al., sumitted to RSE)
DEM of Pléiades (2013) to SRTM-3
(1999)
Periodic Glacial Lake Outburst Floods threatening the oldest Buddhist monastery in NW Nepal
(Kropáček et al, in prep. for NHESS)
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Glacier mass balance of Halji Glacier from Pléiades to SRTM-3: -0.40±0.30 m w.e.a-1
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Environmental Sciences>> Institute of Cartography
Conclusions
Conclusions
- Knowledge especially for the last decade significantly improved by using historical satellite images.
- High potentials of new remote sensing datasets for glaciological studies (e.g. Pléiades, TanDEM-X)
- Careful co-registration is required in order to determine reliable glacier mass budgets.
- On average, significant glacier mass loss across High Asia since the 1970s, but there are also advancing/surging glaciers.
- More studies are needed to extend the coverage both in space and especially in time.
Manfred Buchroithner Multitemporal remote sensing-based 3D mapping
of glacier changes in remote areas
TU Dresden >> Faculty of Forest, Geo and Hydro Sciences >> Institute of Cartography
Thank you for your attention
Any questions?
manfred.buchroithner@tu-dresden.de
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