bubble power

SEMINAR SEMINAR ON ON BUBBLE POWERBUBBLE POWER THE REVOLUTIONARYTHE REVOLUTIONARY NEW NEW ENERGY SOURCE ENERGY SOURCE

BY:BY: VISHNU.SVISHNU.S ROLL.NO.4428ROLL.NO.4428 S7.ME S7.ME

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Sonofusion Research team from various Sonofusion Research team from various organizations have joined forces to create organizations have joined forces to create acoustic fusion technology energy consortium acoustic fusion technology energy consortium (AFTEC) to promote the development of (AFTEC) to promote the development of sonofusion.sonofusion.

It was derived from a related phenomenon, It was derived from a related phenomenon, sonoluminescence.sonoluminescence.

Sonofusion involves tiny bubbles imploded by Sonofusion involves tiny bubbles imploded by sound waves can make hydrogen nuclei fuse-and sound waves can make hydrogen nuclei fuse-and may one day become a revolutionary new energy may one day become a revolutionary new energy source.source.

SONOLUMINESCENCESONOLUMINESCENCE

When a gas bubble in liquid is excited by When a gas bubble in liquid is excited by ultrasonic acoustic waves, it can emit short ultrasonic acoustic waves, it can emit short flashes of light suggestive of extreme flashes of light suggestive of extreme temperatures inside the bubble.temperatures inside the bubble.

These flashes of light, known as These flashes of light, known as ‘sonoluminescence’, occur as the bubble ‘sonoluminescence’, occur as the bubble implodes, or cavitates.implodes, or cavitates.

Chemical reactions occurs .Chemical reactions occurs .

THE IDEA OF SONOFUSIONTHE IDEA OF SONOFUSION

Technically known as acoustic inertial confinement fusion.Technically known as acoustic inertial confinement fusion. In this piezoelectric crystal attached to a liquid-filled flask In this piezoelectric crystal attached to a liquid-filled flask

send pressure waves through the fluid, exciting the motion send pressure waves through the fluid, exciting the motion of tiny gas bubbles.of tiny gas bubbles.

High temperatures and pressure speculated at the bubble High temperatures and pressure speculated at the bubble core .core .

This leading to conditions suitable for thermonuclear This leading to conditions suitable for thermonuclear fusion.fusion.

EXPERIMENTAL SET UPEXPERIMENTAL SET UP

BASIC REQUIREMENTSBASIC REQUIREMENTS

Pyrex flaskPyrex flask Vacuum pumpVacuum pump Piezoelectric crystalPiezoelectric crystal Wave generatorWave generator AmplifierAmplifier Neutron generatorNeutron generator Neutron and gamma ray detectorNeutron and gamma ray detector PhotomultiplierPhotomultiplier Microphone & speakerMicrophone & speaker

HOW SONOFUSION WORKSHOW SONOFUSION WORKS

Action of vacuum pump.Action of vacuum pump.

Fill the flask with deuterated acetone.Fill the flask with deuterated acetone.

For initiation an oscillating voltage of 20kHz For initiation an oscillating voltage of 20kHz applied to the ring.applied to the ring.

Fire a pulsed neutron generator.Fire a pulsed neutron generator.

EXPERIMENTAL SET UPEXPERIMENTAL SET UP

ACTION IN THE FLASKACTION IN THE FLASK

Stage (1)Stage (1)

Neutrons flying through Neutrons flying through the flask create a bubble the flask create a bubble cluster in the deuterated cluster in the deuterated acetone liquid.acetone liquid.

Stage (2)Stage (2)

The negative pressure in The negative pressure in the liquid makes the the liquid makes the bubbles swell 100000 bubbles swell 100000 times in size (from nano times in size (from nano to millimeter-scale).to millimeter-scale).

Stage (3)Stage (3)

The liquid pressure The liquid pressure turns positive and turns positive and compresses the compresses the bubble, causing them bubble, causing them to implode with great to implode with great violence.violence.

Stage(4)Stage(4)

The implosion creates The implosion creates an instantaneous an instantaneous pressure of 10 trillion pressure of 10 trillion kilopascals and kilopascals and temperature of more temperature of more than 100 million than 100 million degree C, making the degree C, making the deuterium fusedeuterium fuse..

EXPERIMENTAL SET UPEXPERIMENTAL SET UP

FUSION REACTIONFUSION REACTION

Deuterium-Deuterium fusion has two probable outputs, Deuterium-Deuterium fusion has two probable outputs, helium and a 2.45-MeV neutron or tritium and a proton.helium and a 2.45-MeV neutron or tritium and a proton.

The energy of 2.45MeV neutron can be harnessed in a The energy of 2.45MeV neutron can be harnessed in a reactor to create water vapor &drive an electricity reactor to create water vapor &drive an electricity generator.generator.

EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT TABLETOP NUCLEAR FUSION TABLETOP NUCLEAR FUSION

DEVICEDEVICE

We gather two kinds of evidence that the We gather two kinds of evidence that the deuterium is fusing.deuterium is fusing.

The first is by measuring levels of another The first is by measuring levels of another hydrogen isotope tritiumhydrogen isotope tritium

The second is neutron emissions detected by the The second is neutron emissions detected by the neutron detector.neutron detector.

SEQUENCE OF EVENTSSEQUENCE OF EVENTS

OTHER APPROACHESOTHER APPROACHES Mainly two types:Mainly two types:

Laser beam technique.Laser beam technique.

Magnetic confinement fusionMagnetic confinement fusion

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

It is self sustaining.It is self sustaining. Easily control.Easily control. Produce more energy than it consumes.Produce more energy than it consumes. Low cost.Low cost. Easily available raw materials.Easily available raw materials. Environmental friendly.Environmental friendly.

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS The technology might one day, in theory, lead to a new The technology might one day, in theory, lead to a new

source of energy. It may result in a new class of low cost source of energy. It may result in a new class of low cost energy.energy.

Compact detectors for security applications.Compact detectors for security applications.

To analyze molecular structure of materials.To analyze molecular structure of materials.

Machines that cheaply manufacture new synthetic Machines that cheaply manufacture new synthetic materials & efficiently produce tritium, which is used for materials & efficiently produce tritium, which is used for medical imaging to watch dials.medical imaging to watch dials.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTSFUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

Fully self-sustained.Fully self-sustained.

neutronsneutrons

Contd…Contd…

To create a full-size electricity producing To create a full-size electricity producing nuclear generator.nuclear generator.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

For more than half a century, For more than half a century, thermonuclear fusion has held out the thermonuclear fusion has held out the promise of cheap, clean and virtually promise of cheap, clean and virtually limitless energy.limitless energy.

REFERENCEREFERENCE

IEEE spectrum ,MAY 2005.IEEE spectrum ,MAY 2005. www.purdue.eduwww.purdue.edu www.iter.orgwww.iter.org www.washington.eduwww.washington.edu

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