blood and lymph chapter 16-2 notes. blood the liquid part of blood is plasma the liquid part of...

Blood and Lymph Chapter 16-2 Notes

Blood

The liquid part of blood is plasma

Made mostly of water

Concept Map – Types of Cells found in blood

Platelets

White Blood Cells

a. Nutrientsb. Chemical Messengersc. Waste Products (CO2,

etc…)

Materials carried in plasma

Job of red blood cells

Bring O2 from lungs to body’s cells and remove CO2

Hemoglobin found in red blood cells

Protein containing iron that bindschemically to oxygen molecules

(hemoglobin + O2 = bright red blood)

White Blood Cells

Fight disease and infection

Differences between white and red blood cells a. Less WBC than RBC

b. WBC are larger than RBC

c. WBC have nuclei

d. WBC live for months to several years (RBC live 120 days)

Platelets a. Pieces of cells b. Form blood clots

How a Blood Clot Forms

Platelets collect and stick to the blood vessel at the site of a wound

A protein called fibrin is produced

Fibrin makes a net to trap platelets and blood cells.

Blood TransfusionsTransfer of blood from one person to another

Karl Landsteiner discovered the 4 blood types

Blood must “match” or it will clump and clog capillaries and could lead to death

Blood Types

Marker molecules on RBC determine blood type and the type you can receive in a transfusion

Blood types and their markers

Blood Type A has an Antigen A marker

Blood Type B has an Antigen B marker

Blood Type AB has both Antigen A and Antigen B markers

Blood Type O has NO antigen markers

12. Can someone with type A get type B blood?

NO!!!Type A contains clumping

proteins (antibodies) that act against cells with B antigens.

Clumping clogs capillaries and can cause death

We’re going to wait a minute for #13

You can put your pencils down for a minute and just listen. This does get confusing so try to pay attention.

What can Type B receive?

B or O

What can AB receive?

All of them - - - A, B, AB, and O

What can type O receive?

Only type O. Why???

Type O doesn’t have ANY antigens to recognize any of

the other blood type’s antigens.

13. What is the Rh factor?

A protein on red blood cells

Rh+ means you have the protein.

Rh- means that you lack the protein

Match the blood types with the clumping proteins

Match the blood types

B

D

A

C

How do you know???

Lymphatic System

A network of vein-like vessels that returns fluid to the bloodstream (like rain gutters)

What is the fluid in the lymphatic system called?

Lymph

Lymphatic System and Disease

They enlarge when you are sick and filter lymph, which traps bacteria and other disease-causing micro-organisms

More About Blood Types

45% A, B, AB, and O

100%

85% A, AB 44%

100% AB 4%

More About Blood Types

Rare Blood Type

Type AB is the most rare with only 4%

Most common blood type

Type O is the most common but…

But…when you consider the Rh factor…

Why is O the universal donor and AB the universal

receiver?

Type O can donate to all and AB can receive from all

44%

What is the total percentage of the population that has A markers on red blood cells?

15%

What total percentage has B markers?

What is the total percentage of the population that has anti-A clumping proteins?

56%

What % has anti-B clumping proteins?

85%

No. Type AB can receive any type of blood

A patient with type AB blood needs a transfusion, but the hospital has run out of AB blood. Is this a problem?