biology and geology 3º de e.s.o. - · pdf filechapter 1: the organisation of ... 2.1...
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http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420042/SC1_UNI3/unit_03_video_02.html
Which are the life functions?
The three vital functions are
Nutrition: living things obtain matter and energy in order to survive
Interaction: living things are able to sense changes in their environment and react in
order to survive
Reproduction: living things produce descendants that maintain their
characteristics
Cell Theory
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.
Cells may have the DNA
Eukaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells
in the cytoplasm inside a nucleusor
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KQbVr9kFO0&feature=related
Enjoy travelling inside a cell.¿Is it eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KQbVr9kFO0&feature=related
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68_0JLZzlR0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8
Prokaryotic cells
Some of them have an autotrophic nutrition,
other have an heterotrophic nutrition
DNA in the cytoplasm
Plasmatic membrane and cellular wall
They don´t have organelles except
ribosomes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXVG-DwOtKU
They may use either a flagellum or many
cilia to move
Prokaryotes include the domains Bacteria
Eukaryotic cells
Some of them have an autotrophic nutrition,
other have an heterotrophic nutrition
DNA in the nucleus
They have a great variety of organelles in
the cytoplasm (vacuoles,
mitochondria, ribosomes,…)
Eukaryotes include the domain Eukariote with four kindoms: plants, animals, fungi, protista
Animal Cell Parts:2.1 CELL MEMBRANE
2.2 NUCLEUS2.3 CYTOPLASM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4L_QO4WKtM
2.1 Surrounding the Cell: Cell Membrane
• Structure: very thin double layer that covers the cell
• Function: controls which substances go in and out
2.2 Nucleus
Structure:
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Contains genetic material – DNA
Holds the nucleolus
Function:
Controls the activities of the cell
Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds nucleus
• Made of two layers
• Pores allow material to enter and leave nucleus
2.3 Cytoplasm
• Structure:
Gel-like mixture which fill the cell
Surrounded by cell membrane
Contains organelles: mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmatic reticulum, Golgi body, membranous vesicle, lysosomes, cytoskeleton and centrioles
Ribosome
Structure:
• Each cell contains thousands
• Are composed of two sub-units
Function:
• Makes proteins
Endoplasmic ReticulumStructure:• Is formed by a series of
interconnected sacs and canals• Smooth type: lacks ribosomes• Rough type (pictured): ribosomes
embedded in surface
Function:• SER stores and moves materials
in the cell• RER +make proteins
Golgi Bodies
• Structure:
Membranous sacs, from which vesicles emerge
• Function:
Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell
Membranous vesicle (vacuoles)
Structure• Small membranous
sacs. Traditionally, they were called vacuoles
Function• Stores nutrients and
waste substances
LysosomeStructure
• Small vesicles that are generated in the Golgi body
Function
• Celular digestion
Cytoskeleton
Structure
• Long and thin filaments which extend around the cytoplasm
Function
• Holds the organelles
• Gives shape to the cell
• Takes part in cellular movements
Centrioles
Structure• Two hollow cylinders
composed of filamentsFunction• Organize the separation
of chromosomes during cell division
• Take part in the formation of filaments (cilia and flagella)
2.4 CELL DIFFERNTATIONThe process that a cell
changes its shape and structure to carry out an specific function.
3. Human tissues
• Cells combine to form tissues• A tissue is a group of
cells organized to perform a specific function
Watch this video and answer the questions about the tissues
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKWTJ3_-1E8
EPHITHELIAL TISSUE
This tissue covers the external surface of body, forming the skin, and cavities and tracts such as the stomach and the intestines
CONECTIVE TISSUETheir function in the body is to connect and support.
There are five types of connective tissue: conjunctive tissue, cartilaginous tissue, adipose tissue, bone tissue and blood tissue.
Conjunctive tissue is a type of connective tissue which joins the other tissues together
CONJUNTIVE TISSUE
This is a type of connective tissue which forms part of the skeleton and provides support to the soft parts of the body.
CARTILAGINOUS TISSUE
This is a type of connective tissue which provides energy reserve and thermal insulation to the body
ADIPOSE OR FATTY TISSUE
Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue that provides support to the organism and protects the vital organs.
BONE TISSUE
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