biology 363 vascular plants fall 2020 dr ...-- class: ophioglossopsida-- order: ophioglossales--...

ATTENTION STUDENTS

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BIOLOGY 363

VASCULAR PLANTS

FALL 2020

DR. MENAPACE

-- CLASS: OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDA

-- ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- ORDER: PSILOTALES

-- SUBPHYLUM: PTERIDOPHYTINA

-- CLASS: EQUISETOPSIDA

-- ORDER: EQUISETALES

-- CLASS: MARATTIOPSIDA

-- ORDER: MARATTIALES

-- CLASS: PTERIDOPSIDA

-- ORDER: PTERIDALES

-- ORDER: MARSILEALES

-- ORDER: SALVINIALES

!!!COPY!!!__________________________________________________________________

***CLASS: OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDA***

_________________________________________________________________

**COMMON NAME**

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- CLASS: OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDA

-- ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- ORDER: PSILOTALES

-- SUBPHYLUM: PTERIDOPHYTINA

-- CLASS: EQUISETOPSIDA

-- ORDER: EQUISETALES

-- CLASS: MARATTIOPSIDA

-- ORDER: MARATTIALES

-- CLASS: PTERIDOPSIDA

-- ORDER: PTERIDALES

-- ORDER: MARSILEALES

-- ORDER: SALVINIALES

!!!COPY!!!__________________________________________________________________

***CLASS: OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDA***

_________________________________________________________________

**COMMON NAME**

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- CLASS: OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDA

-- ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- ORDER: PSILOTALES

-- SUBPHYLUM: PTERIDOPHYTINA

-- CLASS: EQUISETOPSIDA

-- ORDER: EQUISETALES

-- CLASS: MARATTIOPSIDA

-- ORDER: MARATTIALES

-- CLASS: PTERIDOPSIDA

-- ORDER: PTERIDALES

-- ORDER: MARSILEALES

-- ORDER: SALVINIALES

!!!COPY!!!__________________________________________________________________

***CLASS: OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDA***

_________________________________________________________________

**COMMON NAME**

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- CLASS: OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDA

-- ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- ORDER: PSILOTALES

-- SUBPHYLUM: PTERIDOPHYTINA

-- CLASS: EQUISETOPSIDA

-- ORDER: EQUISETALES

-- CLASS: MARATTIOPSIDA

-- ORDER: MARATTIALES

-- CLASS: PTERIDOPSIDA

-- ORDER: PTERIDALES

-- ORDER: MARSILEALES

-- ORDER: SALVINIALES

!!!COPY!!!__________________________________________________________________

***CLASS: OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDA***

_________________________________________________________________

**COMMON NAME**

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- TERRESTRIAL

-- RTS REDUCED

OR

RTS ABSENT

-- FD NON-REDUCED

OR

FD REDUCED

-- EUSPORANGIATE

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

OR

SYNANGIATE

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**ORDERS**

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- TERRESTRIAL

-- RTS REDUCED

OR

RTS ABSENT

-- FD NON-REDUCED

OR

FD REDUCED

-- EUSPORANGIATE

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

OR

SYNANGIATE

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**ORDERS**

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- TERRESTRIAL

-- RTS REDUCED

OR

RTS ABSENT

-- FD NON-REDUCED

OR

FD REDUCED

-- EUSPORANGIATE

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

OR

SYNANGIATE

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**ORDERS**

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- TERRESTRIAL

-- RTS REDUCED

OR

RTS ABSENT

-- FD NON-REDUCED

OR

FD REDUCED

-- EUSPORANGIATE

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

OR

SYNANGIATE

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**ORDERS**

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- TERRESTRIAL

-- RTS REDUCED

OR

RTS ABSENT

-- FD NON-REDUCED

OR

FD REDUCED

-- EUSPORANGIATE

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

OR

SYNANGIATE

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**ORDERS**

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- TERRESTRIAL

-- RTS REDUCED

OR

RTS ABSENT

-- FD NON-REDUCED

OR

FD REDUCED

-- EUSPORANGIATE

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

OR

SYNANGIATE

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**ORDERS**

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- TERRESTRIAL

-- RTS REDUCED

OR

RTS ABSENT

-- FD NON-REDUCED

OR

FD REDUCED

-- EUSPORANGIATE

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

OR

SYNANGIATE

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**ORDERS**

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- TERRESTRIAL

-- RTS REDUCED

OR

RTS ABSENT

-- FD NON-REDUCED

OR

FD REDUCED

-- EUSPORANGIATE

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

OR

SYNANGIATE

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**ORDERS**

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

-- OPHIOGLOSSOPSIDS

**CHARACTERS**

-- TERRESTRIAL

-- RTS REDUCED

OR

RTS ABSENT

-- FD NON-REDUCED

OR

FD REDUCED

-- EUSPORANGIATE

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

OR

SYNANGIATE

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**ORDERS**

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

***ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES***

_________________________________________________________________

---COMMON NAME---

-- GRAPE-FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~100

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Ophioglossum

-- Botrychium

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

***ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES***

_________________________________________________________________

---COMMON NAME---

-- GRAPE-FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~100

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Ophioglossum

-- Botrychium

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

***ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES***

_________________________________________________________________

---COMMON NAME---

-- GRAPE-FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~100

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Ophioglossum

-- Botrychium

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

***ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES***

_________________________________________________________________

---COMMON NAME---

-- GRAPE-FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~100

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Ophioglossum

-- Botrychium

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

***ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES***

_________________________________________________________________

---COMMON NAME---

-- GRAPE-FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~100

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Ophioglossum

-- Botrychium

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

***ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES***

_________________________________________________________________

---COMMON NAME---

-- GRAPE-FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~100

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Ophioglossum

-- Botrychium

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

***ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES***

_________________________________________________________________

---COMMON NAME---

-- GRAPE-FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~100

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Ophioglossum

-- Botrychium

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

***ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES***

_________________________________________________________________

---COMMON NAME---

-- GRAPE-FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~100

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Ophioglossum

-- Botrychium

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

***ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES***

_________________________________________________________________

---COMMON NAME---

-- GRAPE-FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~100

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Ophioglossum

-- Botrychium

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

-- OPHIOGLOSSALES

-- PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

***ORDER: OPHIOGLOSSALES***

_________________________________________________________________

---COMMON NAME---

-- GRAPE-FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~100

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Ophioglossum

-- Botrychium

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

&

TEMPERATE

-- DOMINATELY TEMPERATE

**HABITAT**

-- FORESTS

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*KARYOTYPE*

-- K. = CHROMOSOME CHARACTERS

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

&

TEMPERATE

-- DOMINATELY TEMPERATE

**HABITAT**

-- FORESTS

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*KARYOTYPE*

-- K. = CHROMOSOME CHARACTERS

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

&

TEMPERATE

-- DOMINATELY TEMPERATE

**HABITAT**

-- FORESTS

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*KARYOTYPE*

-- K. = CHROMOSOME CHARACTERS

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

&

TEMPERATE

-- DOMINATELY TEMPERATE

**HABITAT**

-- FORESTS

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*KARYOTYPE*

-- K. = CHROMOSOME CHARACTERS

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

&

TEMPERATE

-- DOMINATELY TEMPERATE

**HABITAT**

-- FORESTS

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*KARYOTYPE*

-- K. = CHROMOSOME CHARACTERS

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

&

TEMPERATE

-- DOMINATELY TEMPERATE

**HABITAT**

-- FORESTS

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*KARYOTYPE*

-- K. = CHROMOSOME CHARACTERS

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

&

TEMPERATE

-- DOMINATELY TEMPERATE

**HABITAT**

-- FORESTS

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*KARYOTYPE*

-- K. = CHROMOSOME CHARACTERS

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

&

TEMPERATE

-- DOMINATELY TEMPERATE

**HABITAT**

-- FORESTS

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*KARYOTYPE*

-- K. = CHROMOSOME CHARACTERS

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

&

TEMPERATE

-- DOMINATELY TEMPERATE

**HABITAT**

-- FORESTS

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*KARYOTYPE*

-- K. = CHROMOSOME CHARACTERS

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

**DISTRIBUTION**

-- TROPICAL

&

TEMPERATE

-- DOMINATELY TEMPERATE

**HABITAT**

-- FORESTS

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*KARYOTYPE*

-- K. = CHROMOSOME CHARACTERS

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHOLIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHOLIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHOLIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHOLIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHOLIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHOLIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHOLIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHOLIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHLOIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHLOIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHLOIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHLOIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- HIGHEST VAS PLT CHROMOSOME NO.

EG Ophioglossum - 2N = 1260

!!!HIGHEST KNOWN VASCULAR PLT KARYOTYPES!!!

*ROOT*

-- TRUE RTS PRESENT

-- REDUCED

RT HAIRS ABSENT

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- SIPHONOSTELE

ECTOPHLOIC

---RHIZOME---

-- VERTICAL GROWTH

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- BRANCHING ABSENT

-- Botrychium - VASCULAR CAMBIUM PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN FERN W/ ~2 GROWTH!!!

*FROND*

-- 1 FROND/SEASON

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

---VERNATION---

-- CONDUPILCATE

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- COMPOUND

-- NON-FERTILE PINNA

PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- FERTILE PINNA

NON-PSYN

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

---POSITION---

-- MODIFIED PINNULE

-- FOLIAR

-- NON-SYNANGIATE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

***FOSSIL RECORD***

-- LIMITED

***PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP***

-- UNCERTAIN

-- APPARENT RELATIONSHIP W/ PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

****ORDER: PSILOTALES****

_________________________________________________________________

-- RECENTLY RECOGNIZED FERNS

-- PREVIOUS ASSINGED OWN PHYLUM

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

***FOSSIL RECORD***

-- LIMITED

***PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP***

-- UNCERTAIN

-- APPARENT RELATIONSHIP W/ PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

****ORDER: PSILOTALES****

_________________________________________________________________

-- RECENTLY RECOGNIZED FERNS

-- PREVIOUS ASSINGED OWN PHYLUM

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

***FOSSIL RECORD***

-- LIMITED

***PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP***

-- UNCERTAIN

-- APPARENT RELATIONSHIP W/ PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

****ORDER: PSILOTALES****

_________________________________________________________________

-- RECENTLY RECOGNIZED FERNS

-- PREVIOUS ASSINGED OWN PHYLUM

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

***FOSSIL RECORD***

-- LIMITED

***PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP***

-- UNCERTAIN

-- APPARENT RELATIONSHIP W/ PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

****ORDER: PSILOTALES****

_________________________________________________________________

-- RECENTLY RECOGNIZED FERNS

-- PREVIOUS ASSINGED OWN PHYLUM

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

***FOSSIL RECORD***

-- LIMITED

***PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP***

-- UNCERTAIN

-- APPARENT RELATIONSHIP W/ PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

****ORDER: PSILOTALES****

_________________________________________________________________

-- RECENTLY RECOGNIZED FERNS

-- PREVIOUS ASSINGED OWN PHYLUM

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

***FOSSIL RECORD***

-- LIMITED

***PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP***

-- UNCERTAIN

-- APPARENT RELATIONSHIP W/ PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

****ORDER: PSILOTALES****

_________________________________________________________________

-- RECENTLY RECOGNIZED FERNS

-- PREVIOUS ASSINGED OWN PHYLUM

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

***FOSSIL RECORD***

-- LIMITED

***PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP***

-- UNCERTAIN

-- APPARENT RELATIONSHIP W/ PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

****ORDER: PSILOTALES****

_________________________________________________________________

-- RECENTLY RECOGNIZED FERNS

-- PREVIOUS ASSINGED OWN PHYLUM

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

***FOSSIL RECORD***

-- LIMITED

***PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP***

-- UNCERTAIN

-- APPARENT RELATIONSHIP W/ PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

****ORDER: PSILOTALES****

_________________________________________________________________

-- RECENTLY RECOGNIZED FERNS

-- PREVIOUS ASSINGED OWN PHYLUM

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

***FOSSIL RECORD***

-- LIMITED

***PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP***

-- UNCERTAIN

-- APPARENT RELATIONSHIP W/ PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

****ORDER: PSILOTALES****

_________________________________________________________________

-- RECENTLY RECOGNIZED FERNS

-- PREVIOUS ASSINGED OWN PHYLUM

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

***FOSSIL RECORD***

-- LIMITED

***PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP***

-- UNCERTAIN

-- APPARENT RELATIONSHIP W/ PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

****ORDER: PSILOTALES****

_________________________________________________________________

-- RECENTLY RECOGNIZED FERNS

-- PREVIOUS ASSINGED OWN PHYLUM

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

***FOSSIL RECORD***

-- LIMITED

***PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP***

-- UNCERTAIN

-- APPARENT RELATIONSHIP W/ PSILOTALES

__________________________________________________________________

****ORDER: PSILOTALES****

_________________________________________________________________

-- RECENTLY RECOGNIZED FERNS

-- PREVIOUS ASSINGED OWN PHYLUM

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- PSILOPHYTES

-- WHISK FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~12

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Psilotum

-- Tmesipteris

**DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT**

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- PSILOPHYTES

-- WHISK FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~12

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Psilotum

-- Tmesipteris

**DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT**

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- PSILOPHYTES

-- WHISK FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~12

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Psilotum

-- Tmesipteris

**DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT**

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- PSILOPHYTES

-- WHISK FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~12

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Psilotum

-- Tmesipteris

**DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT**

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- PSILOPHYTES

-- WHISK FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~12

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Psilotum

-- Tmesipteris

**DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT**

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- PSILOPHYTES

-- WHISK FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~12

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Psilotum

-- Tmesipteris

**DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT**

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- PSILOPHYTES

-- WHISK FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~12

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Psilotum

-- Tmesipteris

**DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT**

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- PSILOPHYTES

-- WHISK FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~12

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Psilotum

-- Tmesipteris

**DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT**

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- PSILOPHYTES

-- WHISK FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~12

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Psilotum

-- Tmesipteris

**DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT**

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- PSILOPHYTES

-- WHISK FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~12

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Psilotum

-- Tmesipteris

**DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT**

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

---SYNONYM---

-- PSILOTOPHYTA

---COMMON NAMES---

-- PSILOPHYTES

-- WHISK FERNS

**DIVERSITY**

-- S: ~12

---REPRESENTATIVE GENERA---

-- Psilotum

-- Tmesipteris

**DISTRIBUTION & HABITAT**

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

-- E. = GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

-- TROPICAL RAINFOREST

-- EPIPHYTE

---Psilotum---

-- TROPICAL

&

WARM TEMPERATE

-- INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN ALABAMA

-- I. = NATIVE

-- WETLANDS

-- NON-EPIPHYTE

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum WILL CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

-- E. = GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

-- TROPICAL RAINFOREST

-- EPIPHYTE

---Psilotum---

-- TROPICAL

&

WARM TEMPERATE

-- INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN ALABAMA

-- I. = NATIVE

-- WETLANDS

-- NON-EPIPHYTE

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum WILL CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

-- E. = GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

-- TROPICAL RAINFOREST

-- EPIPHYTE

---Psilotum---

-- TROPICAL

&

WARM TEMPERATE

-- INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN ALABAMA

-- I. = NATIVE

-- WETLANDS

-- NON-EPIPHYTE

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum WILL CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

-- E. = GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

-- TROPICAL RAINFOREST

-- EPIPHYTE

---Psilotum---

-- TROPICAL

&

WARM TEMPERATE

-- INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN ALABAMA

-- I. = NATIVE

-- WETLANDS

-- NON-EPIPHYTE

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum WILL CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

-- E. = GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

-- TROPICAL RAINFOREST

-- EPIPHYTE

---Psilotum---

-- TROPICAL

&

WARM TEMPERATE

-- INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN ALABAMA

-- I. = NATIVE

-- WETLANDS

-- NON-EPIPHYTE

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum WILL CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

-- E. = GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

-- TROPICAL RAINFOREST

-- EPIPHYTE

---Psilotum---

-- TROPICAL

&

WARM TEMPERATE

-- INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN ALABAMA

-- I. = NATIVE

-- WETLANDS

-- NON-EPIPHYTE

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum WILL CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

-- E. = GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

-- TROPICAL RAINFOREST

-- EPIPHYTE

---Psilotum---

-- TROPICAL

&

WARM TEMPERATE

-- INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN ALABAMA

-- I. = NATIVE

-- WETLANDS

-- NON-EPIPHYTE

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum WILL CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

-- E. = GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

-- TROPICAL RAINFOREST

-- EPIPHYTE

---Psilotum---

-- TROPICAL

&

WARM TEMPERATE

-- INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN ALABAMA

-- I. = NATIVE

-- WETLANDS

-- NON-EPIPHYTE

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum WILL CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

-- E. = GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

-- TROPICAL RAINFOREST

-- EPIPHYTE

---Psilotum---

-- TROPICAL

&

WARM TEMPERATE

-- INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN ALABAMA

-- I. = NATIVE

-- WETLANDS

-- NON-EPIPHYTE

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum WILL CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

-- E. = GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

-- TROPICAL RAINFOREST

-- EPIPHYTE

---Psilotum---

-- TROPICAL

&

WARM TEMPERATE

-- INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN ALABAMA

-- I. = NATIVE

-- WETLANDS

-- NON-EPIPHYTE

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum WILL CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

-- E. = GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

-- TROPICAL RAINFOREST

-- EPIPHYTE

---Psilotum---

-- TROPICAL

&

WARM TEMPERATE

-- INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN ALABAMA

-- I. = NATIVE

-- WETLANDS

-- NON-EPIPHYTE

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum WILL CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

---Tmesipteris---

-- ENDEMIC SOUTH PACIFIC

-- E. = GEOGRAPHICALLY RESTRICTED

-- TROPICAL RAINFOREST

-- EPIPHYTE

---Psilotum---

-- TROPICAL

&

WARM TEMPERATE

-- INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN ALABAMA

-- I. = NATIVE

-- WETLANDS

-- NON-EPIPHYTE

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*MORPHOLOGY*

-- HIGHLY REDUCED

-- ONCE CONSIDERED A RHYNIOPHYTA

-- HIGHLY REDUCED FERN

*ROOT*

-- ABSENT VIA REDUCTION

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- PROTOSTELE

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*MORPHOLOGY*

-- HIGHLY REDUCED

-- ONCE CONSIDERED A RHYNIOPHYTA

-- HIGHLY REDUCED FERN

*ROOT*

-- ABSENT VIA REDUCTION

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- PROTOSTELE

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*MORPHOLOGY*

-- HIGHLY REDUCED

-- ONCE CONSIDERED A RHYNIOPHYTA

-- HIGHLY REDUCED FERN

*ROOT*

-- ABSENT VIA REDUCTION

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- PROTOSTELE

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*MORPHOLOGY*

-- HIGHLY REDUCED

-- ONCE CONSIDERED A RHYNIOPHYTA

-- HIGHLY REDUCED FERN

*ROOT*

-- ABSENT VIA REDUCTION

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- PROTOSTELE

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*MORPHOLOGY*

-- HIGHLY REDUCED

-- ONCE CONSIDERED A RHYNIOPHYTA

-- HIGHLY REDUCED FERN

*ROOT*

-- ABSENT VIA REDUCTION

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- PROTOSTELE

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*MORPHOLOGY*

-- HIGHLY REDUCED

-- ONCE CONSIDERED A RHYNIOPHYTA

-- HIGHLY REDUCED FERN

*ROOT*

-- ABSENT VIA REDUCTION

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- PROTOSTELE

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*MORPHOLOGY*

-- HIGHLY REDUCED

-- ONCE CONSIDERED A RHYNIOPHYTA

-- HIGHLY REDUCED FERN

*ROOT*

-- ABSENT VIA REDUCTION

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- PROTOSTELE

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*MORPHOLOGY*

-- HIGHLY REDUCED

-- ONCE CONSIDERED A RHYNIOPHYTA

-- HIGHLY REDUCED FERN

*ROOT*

-- ABSENT VIA REDUCTION

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- PROTOSTELE

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*MORPHOLOGY*

-- HIGHLY REDUCED

-- ONCE CONSIDERED A RHYNIOPHYTA

-- HIGHLY REDUCED FERN

*ROOT*

-- ABSENT VIA REDUCTION

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- PROTOSTELE

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*MORPHOLOGY*

-- HIGHLY REDUCED

-- ONCE CONSIDERED A RHYNIOPHYTA

-- HIGHLY REDUCED FERN

*ROOT*

-- ABSENT VIA REDUCTION

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- PROTOSTELE

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*MORPHOLOGY*

-- HIGHLY REDUCED

-- ONCE CONSIDERED A RHYNIOPHYTA

-- HIGHLY REDUCED FERN

*ROOT*

-- ABSENT VIA REDUCTION

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- PROTOSTELE

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

***GENERAL CHARACTERS***

!!!Psilotum CHARACTERIZE PSILOTALES!!!

**SPOROPHYTE CHARACTERS**

*MORPHOLOGY*

-- HIGHLY REDUCED

-- ONCE CONSIDERED A RHYNIOPHYTA

-- HIGHLY REDUCED FERN

*ROOT*

-- ABSENT VIA REDUCTION

*STEM*

---STELE---

-- PROTOSTELE

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- BRANCHING DICHOTOMOUS

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- BRANCHING DICHOTOMOUS

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- BRANCHING DICHOTOMOUS

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- BRANCHING DICHOTOMOUS

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- BRANCHING DICHOTOMOUS

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- BRANCHING DICHOTOMOUS

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- BRANCHING DICHOTOMOUS

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

ACTINOSTELE

-- ENDARCH

---RHIZOME---

-- VERY SMALL

-- LIMITED LATERAL GROWTH

-- MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

---AERIAL---

-- PSYN

-- DICHOTOMOUS BRANCHING

-- ENATIONS PRESENT

*FROND*

---MORPHOLOGY---

-- SCALE-LIKE ENATION

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

---EVOLUTION---

-- FD EVOLVED VIA REDUCTION

!!!FD REFERRED AS “SCALE-LIKE ENATION”!!!

!!!FD ACTUALLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL!!!

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

-- SYNANGIUM = FUSED SPORANGIA

---EVOLUTION---

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

---EVOLUTION---

-- FD EVOLVED VIA REDUCTION

!!!FD REFERRED AS “SCALE-LIKE ENATION”!!!

!!!FD ACTUALLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL!!!

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

-- SYNANGIUM = FUSED SPORANGIA

---EVOLUTION---

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

---EVOLUTION---

-- FD EVOLVED VIA REDUCTION

!!!FD REFERRED AS “SCALE-LIKE ENATION”!!!

!!!FD ACTUALLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL!!!

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

-- SYNANGIUM = FUSED SPORANGIA

---EVOLUTION---

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

---EVOLUTION---

-- FD EVOLVED VIA REDUCTION

!!!FD REFERRED AS “SCALE-LIKE ENATION”!!!

!!!FD ACTUALLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL!!!

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

-- SYNANGIUM = FUSED SPORANGIA

---EVOLUTION---

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

---EVOLUTION---

-- FD EVOLVED VIA REDUCTION

!!!FD REFERRED AS “SCALE-LIKE ENATION”!!!

!!!FD ACTUALLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL!!!

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

-- SYNANGIUM = FUSED SPORANGIA

---EVOLUTION---

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

---EVOLUTION---

-- FD EVOLVED VIA REDUCTION

!!!FD REFERRED AS “SCALE-LIKE ENATION”!!!

!!!FD ACTUALLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL!!!

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

-- SYNANGIUM = FUSED SPORANGIA

---EVOLUTION---

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

---EVOLUTION---

-- FD EVOLVED VIA REDUCTION

!!!FD REFERRED AS “SCALE-LIKE ENATION”!!!

!!!FD ACTUALLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL!!!

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

-- SYNANGIUM = FUSED SPORANGIA

---EVOLUTION---

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

---EVOLUTION---

-- FD EVOLVED VIA REDUCTION

!!!FD REFERRED AS “SCALE-LIKE ENATION”!!!

!!!FD ACTUALLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL!!!

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

-- SYNANGIUM = FUSED SPORANGIA

---EVOLUTION---

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

---EVOLUTION---

-- FD EVOLVED VIA REDUCTION

!!!FD REFERRED AS “SCALE-LIKE ENATION”!!!

!!!FD ACTUALLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL!!!

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

-- SYNANGIUM = FUSED SPORANGIA

---EVOLUTION---

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

---EVOLUTION---

-- FD EVOLVED VIA REDUCTION

!!!FD REFERRED AS “SCALE-LIKE ENATION”!!!

!!!FD ACTUALLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL!!!

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

-- SYNANGIUM = FUSED SPORANGIA

---EVOLUTION---

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

---EVOLUTION---

-- FD EVOLVED VIA REDUCTION

!!!FD REFERRED AS “SCALE-LIKE ENATION”!!!

!!!FD ACTUALLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL!!!

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

-- SYNANGIUM = FUSED SPORANGIA

---EVOLUTION---

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

-- PSYN

-- HIGHLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL

---EVOLUTION---

-- FD EVOLVED VIA REDUCTION

!!!FD REFERRED AS “SCALE-LIKE ENATION”!!!

!!!FD ACTUALLY REDUCED MEGAPHYLL!!!

---PHYLLOTAXY---

-- ALTERNATE

*SPORANGIUM*

-- EUSPORANGIUM

-- SYNANGIUM = FUSED SPORANGIA

---EVOLUTION---

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

---POSITION---

-- CAULINE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

-- VASCULAR TISSUE PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN TRACHEOPHYTE W/ VASCULAR GAMETOPHYTE!!!

***REPRODUCTION***│

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

---POSITION---

-- CAULINE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

-- VASCULAR TISSUE PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN TRACHEOPHYTE W/ VASCULAR GAMETOPHYTE!!!

***REPRODUCTION***│

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

---POSITION---

-- CAULINE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

-- VASCULAR TISSUE PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN TRACHEOPHYTE W/ VASCULAR GAMETOPHYTE!!!

***REPRODUCTION***│

-- EVOLVED VIA ST REDUCTION & EUSPORANGIA FUSION

-- FORKED SCALE = SUPPORT BRANCH

---POSITION---

-- CAULINE

*SPORE HABIT*

-- HOMOSPOROUS

**GAMETOPHYTE CHARACTERS**

---EXOSPORIC---

-- SUBTERRANEAN

NON-PSYN

MYCORRHIZAE ABUNDANT

-- BISEXUAL

-- VASCULAR TISSUE PRESENT

!!!ONLY KNOWN TRACHEOPHYTE W/ VASCULAR GAMETOPHYTE!!!

***REPRODUCTION***│