classification scheme kingdom: animalia phylum: chordata subphylum: vertebrata class: mammalia ...
DESCRIPTION
Characteristics Dorsal hollow Nerve Cord Notochord Pharyngeal Pouches Seen in all Chordates In some, only present in the embryo Must study embryology to properly classifyTRANSCRIPT
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Classification Scheme Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Primate Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Sapiens
Scientific Binominal: Homo sapiens
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Characteristics Dorsal hollow
Nerve Cord Notochord Pharyngeal
Pouches Seen in all
Chordates In some, only
present in the embryo
Must study embryology to properly classify
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See in human embryos
Lies dorsal to the Notochord
Develops into the Brain and Spinal Cord of adults
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Flexible rod of tissue
Mid-dorsal Position later
occupied by the vertebral column
In adult, only remnants are inside intervertebral discs
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Envaginations of pharyngeal walls
Gill slits in fish In human adults,
become: Eustachian tube Middle ear cavity Tympanic
membrane
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Characteristics Animals with backbones▪ Forms a vertebral column▪ In most animals, largely replaces the
notochord Endoskeleton Closed circulatory system Paired kidneys that regulate fluid balance Complete digestive system Sexes typically separate
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Other Characteristics Bilateral Symmetry▪ An animal can be
sectioned into right and left haves; one the mirror image of the other
Segmentation Tube-within-a-tube body
plan Body Cavities
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Other Characteristics Bilateral
Symmetry Segmentation: Tube-within-a-
tube body plan Body Cavities
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Other Characteristics Bilateral
Symmetry Segmentation Tube-within-a-
tube body plan:▪ Tube formed by
digestive organs within the body
Body Cavities
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Other Characteristics Bilateral Symmetry Segmentation Tube-within-a-tube
body plan Body Cavities:▪ Closed to the
external environment
▪ Contain internal organs
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Cranial Cavity Houses the
BrainVertebral
Canal Houses the
Spinal Cord
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Thoracic Cavity Abdominopelvic
Cavity (contains the “viscera”) Abdominal
Cavity Pelvic Cavity
Lined by serous membranes
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Mediastinum: a potential space that contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, etc
Plural Cavities: contain the lungs
Pericardial Cavity: contains the heart
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Ventral Body Cavity Lined by a serous membrane, or
Serosa Parietal serosa: forms outer wall of cavity Visceral serosa: covers the visceral
organs
Serous fluid Secreted by the membranes Is slick; reduces friction
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Regions: 9 Rt Hypochondriac region Rt Lumbar region Rt Iliac (Inguinal) region Epigastric region Umbilical region Hypogastric (Pubic) region Lt Hypochondriac region Lt Lumbar region Lt Iliac (Inguinal) region
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Oral cavityNasal cavityOrbital cavitiesMiddle ear cavitiesSynovial cavities
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AnatomicalTerminology
Anatomic position is a specific body position in which an individual stands upright with the feet parallel and flat on the floor.
The head is level, and the eyes look forward toward the observer.
The arms are at either side of the body with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body.
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Anatomical Terminology A plane is an imaginary surface
that slices the body into specific sections.
The three major anatomic planes of reference are the coronal, transverse, and sagittal planes.
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Sectionsand Planes
A coronal plane, also called a frontal plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
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Sectionsand Planes
A transverse plane, also called a cross-sectional plane or horizontal plane, cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ separating it into both superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.
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Sectionsand Planes
A sagittal plane or median plane, extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves.
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Relative and Directional Terms of the Body
Relative to front (belly side) or back (back side) of the body : Anterior = In front
of; toward the front surface
Posterior = In back of; toward the back surface
Dorsal =At the back side of the human body
Ventral = At the belly side of the human body
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Relative and Directional Terms of the Body
Relative to the head or tail of the body: Superior = Toward
the head or above Inferior = Toward
feet not head Caudal = At the rear
or tail end Cranial = At the head
end
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Relative and Directional Terms of the Body
Relative to the midline or center of the body: Medial = Toward the
midline of the body Lateral = Away from
the midline of the body
Deep = On the inside, underneath another structure
Superficial = On the outside
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Relative and Directional Terms of the Body
Relative to point of attachment of the appendage: Proximal =
Closest to point of attachment to trunk
Distal = Furthest from point of attachment to trunk
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Body RegionsThe human body is partitioned into
two main regions, called the axial and appendicular regions. the axial region includes the head,
neck, and trunk which comprise the main vertical axis of our body
our limbs, or appendages, attach to the body’s axis and make up the appendicular region
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