biological macromolecules carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

8-30-16 Warm up

• Yesterday we learned that there are 4 macromolecules found in all living things.

• What are the 4 macromolecules?

Hint: 3 are in BOLD & 1 is not listed

8-30-16Objective

Be able to:

Identify the monomers of the Identify the monomers of the 4 macromolecules4 macromolecules

Describe the uses for each Describe the uses for each macromoleculemacromolecule

Today’s ExpectationsPlease participate in the whiteboard checks – DO YOU GET IT?

Key concepts are underlined

Vocab terms are in green

BIOLOGICAL BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULESMACROMOLECULESThe Building Blocks of Living Things

Quick Check• Before we move on to new stuff…

Work with a neighbor to see if the two of you can list Work with a neighbor to see if the two of you can list ALL 7 characteristicsALL 7 characteristics of lifeof life on your whiteboards on your whiteboards

The 7 characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS are…

• Cells• DNA

• Response to the environment• Maintain homeostasis

• Growth and development• Use materials and energy

• Reproduction

Back to those food labels• All living things use materials All living things use materials

and energyand energy• Our food comes from living

things• The food labels we see show us

what our food is made of• The stuff we are studying today

can be found on food labels

Why aren’t nucleic

acids listed?

Macromolecules are large Macromolecules are large moleculesmolecules

• Most macromolecules are Most macromolecules are POLYMERS.POLYMERS.

• made up of simple, repeating units called made up of simple, repeating units called MONOMERSMONOMERS

just 1

Monomers and Polymers

monomer polymer

just 1

Monomers and Polymers

monomerpolymer

just 1

Quick Checks• Monomer or Polymer?

Quick Checks• Monomer or Polymer?

Quick Check• Monomer or Polymer?

Playlist with lots of songs

Partner A share answer with Partner B

Partner B – agree or disagree

Quick Check• What is another example of a polymer made up of many What is another example of a polymer made up of many

monomers?monomers?• Think quietly to yourself for 30 seconds• Write your idea on your whiteboard• Pair up with your neighbor

• Make sure you have DIFFERENT answers• Share with the class

Identifying the 4 Biological Macromolecules

1.1. CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Made up of monomers of sugar

A single sugar monomer is called a monosaccharide

Ex: glucose

Quick Check - whiteboards• What does the term monosaccharide translate to(use your word root glossary)

Draw it• Draw a monomer of a

carbohydrate in your notes

• Write the two names we call these monomers underneath your drawing

Quick check: whiteboards

• Carbohydrates are also called polysaccharides. Why?

Monomer: Simple Sugar

Polymer: Carbohydrate

What are sugars and carbohydrates used for?

1. Energy – sugars are cells preferred energy source

2. Building – cell walls are made of carbohydrates

Identifying the 4 Biological Macromolecules

2. Proteins2. Proteins• On your whiteboards:

• Draw what you think 1 monomer of this macromolecule looks like

• Made up of monomers monomers calledcalled amino acidsamino acids

• • Add a drawing of 1 amino

acid monomer and a protein polymer to your notes

Proteins

Monomer: 1 amino acid

Compound: Protein (a chain of amino acids)

So what are proteins used for?• Immune response• Enzymes• Hair, skin, nails, claws, horns, feathers, eyes, et• Digestion• Cell to cell communication• Copying DNA• Moving materials in and out of cells• Control of blood sugar• Reproduction• And many other things

Identifying the 4 Biological Macromolecules

3. Lipids3. LipidsTry drawing the monomers

of a lipidCompare with a neighbor…

monomers of lipids have 2 monomers of lipids have 2 parts:parts:

A glycerol + 2 fatty acid A glycerol + 2 fatty acid chainschains

Lipids• Add a drawing to your notes.

Quick Check

• The monomers of lipids have 2 parts…

• On 1/2 of your whiteboard, draw 1 monomer and label it’s 2 parts

• On the other 1/2, draw a lipid polymer

• Compare with a neighbor• Hold up• Add the monomer and it’s names to your notes

Lipids

Monomer: glycerol + fatty acid chains

Compound: fats, oils, waxes

What are lipids used for?

• Phospholipids are what makes up the cell membrane

Other lipids

• Other lipids are fats, oils, and waxes used for long term energy storage

Identifying the 4 Biological Macromolecules

4. Nucleic Acids (DNA)4. Nucleic Acids (DNA)

Try drawing one monomercareful! - it has 3 parts!

The monomers of nucleic monomers of nucleic acids are called acids are called nucleotidesnucleotides

Nucleic Acids

• Each Each nucleotide monomer has 3 parts:nucleotide monomer has 3 parts:• A sugarA sugar• A phosphate groupA phosphate group• A nitrogen baseA nitrogen base

Nucleic acids

Monomer: 1 nucleotide

Compound: nucleic acid (RNA)

Add a picture of the monomer and it’s names to your notes

What are nucleic acids used for?

• To store and transmit information about how to build and run an organism

Biological Molecules• All living things have all 4 All living things have all 4

biological macromoleculesbiological macromolecules

So do you get it? • Your goal was to be able to name, identify, and draw the

4 macromolecules and their monomers AND to describe the basic function of each.

• Let’s see if you can do it.

On whiteboards…write it and hide it

• Monomer or polymer?

On whiteboards…write it and hide it

• Give 2 uses for this macromolecule

On whiteboards…write it and hide it

• What macromolecule is this?

Which macromolecule(s) are used for energy in living things?

On whiteboards…write it and hide it

• What macromolecule is this?

On whiteboards…write it and hide it

• What macromolecules is this?

On whiteboards…write it and hide it

• What is this macromolecule used for?

On whiteboards…write it and hide it

• What are it’s monomers?

On whiteboards…write it and hide it

• What are the monomers of this macromolecule (hint: has 2 parts)?

On whiteboards…write it and hide it

• What is the name of the monomers of this macromolecule

On whiteboards…write it and hide it

• What macromolecule is this?

On whiteboards…write it and hide it

• What is this macromolecule used for?