bio unit 4 - mock exam
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8/13/2019 BIO Unit 4 - Mock Exam
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Answer Sheet
1 26 51 76
2 27 52 77
3 28 53 78
4 29 54 79
5 30 55 80
6 31 56 81
7 32 57 82
8 33 58 83
9 34 59 84
10 35 60 85
11 36 61 Answer 86-100 on the test.
12 37 62
13 38 63
14 39 64
15 40 65
16 41 66
17 42 67
18 43 68
19 44 69
20 45 70
21 46 71
22 47 72
23 48 73
24 49 74
25 50 75
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Mock Exam 4
True (A) or False (B)
1. Translation in eukaryotes involves a sigma factor
which allows the RNA polymerase to attach to the DNA
strand.
2. A cell from your lung and another from your thigh
bone have the same genome, but different proteomes.
3. Mendels law of independent assortment only
applies to traits found on the same chromosome.
4. The Central Dogma refers to the three stages of
translation.
5. A sex-influenced trait, such as balding, impacts males
and females differently, may mimic a sex-linked trait,
but is located on an autosome.
6. Interphase occurs prior to meiosis.
7. Multiple genes can be found on a DNA helix with the
various templates located on both strands.
8. When lactose and glucose are present in low
concentrations, E. coliproduces proteins required to
transport lactose across the membrane and
metabolized it.
9. An operon is a series of genes that are controlled by
the same regulatory region.
10. Checkpoint proteins are active in all cells and are
the predominant form of mRNA recycling.
11. It is possible for two genetically identical individuals
raised in different environments to express different
phenotypes.
12. Which of the following is nottrue regarding tRNA?
A. created by transcription
B. it is often cloverleaf-shaped
C. transports amino acids
D. regulates DNA replication
E. polymer made up of nucleotides
13. Which of the following would notplay a role in
gene regulation?
A. DNA synthesis
B. transcription
C. RNA processing
D. translation
E. protein folding
14. Nonstructural genes code for
A. proteins
B. DNA
C. RNA
D. carbohydrates
E. lipids
15. Which of the following is nottrue regarding Gregor
Mendel?
A. Austrian monk
B. Father of Genetics
C. performed experiments with peas and bees
D. first to link genes with protein production
E. first to establish rules associated with
inheritance
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16. Which of the following in nottrue regarding
transcription?
A. begins with initiation: RNA polymerase
recognizes the promoter
B. elongation: amino acids are linked together
from 3 to 5
C. termination: RNA polymerase reaches the
terminatorD. after termination, prokaryotic mRNA is ready
for translation
E. eukaryotic mRNA requires processing to add a
cap and poly A tail and remove introns
17. Which of the following is notpart of the lac
operon?
A. multiple promoters
B. multiple terminators
C. CAP binding siteD. gene for glucose catabolism
E. gene for lactose transport
18. Which of the following types of cell division occur in
eukaryotes?
A. mitosis only
B. meiosis only
C. mitosis and meiosis
D. binary fission
E. transformation
19. Which of the following is nottrue regarding the
stages of interphase?
A. G1stage seen in normal functioning cells
B. Sthe mitotic spindle is completed and
positioned
C. G2additional proteins and organelles are
created
D. G0a paused or suspended stage experienced
by some cells (i.e. nerve cells)
20. Which of the following is nottrue regarding
mitosis?
A. forms 4 haploid cells from a single diploid cell
B. responsible for growth
C. replaces dead or damaged cells
D. allows for asexual reproduction
21. Which of the following is nottrue regarding a
Punnett square?
A. the letters along the top and side represent
gametes
B. the letters in the boxes represent the genotypes
of offspring
C. the process depicts a breeding event between
two individualsD. it can be used to determine the phenotypic
ratio of future offspring
E. it can be used to determine if a trait is
autosomal or sex-linked
22. You crossed a yellow flowering plant with a red
flowering plant and produced offspring that have
flowers with yellow and red spots. This is what type of
inheritance?
A. incomplete dominanceB. codominance
C. sex-linked
D. mutant allele
E. pleiotropy
23. When does crossing over occur?
A. prophase
B. prophase I
C. metaphase
D. metaphase II
E. cytokinesis
24. What do you call the process, from start to finish,
by which a gene is used to produce a protein?
A. gene expression
B. translation
C. transcription
D. interphase
E. gene regulation
25. Which of the following attaches an amino acid to
the correct tRNA?
A. lac O
B. operon
C. pyruvate
D. aminoacyl-tRNA synthase
E. -galactosidae
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26. Which of the following is nottrue regarding a
monohybrid cross?
A. Tt x tt
B. produces a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio
C. produces a 3:1 phenotypic ratio
27. Which of the following is nottrue regarding
mutations that occur in somatic cells?A. appear in a patch rather than throughout the
body
B. can be passed on to offspring
C. the individual would have two different
genotypes
28. Genes that are always being expressed and are not
regulated are called _____ genes.
A. gradient
B. exergonicC. constitutive
D. extranuclear
E. conservative
29. Which of the following is nottrue regarding
mutations?
A. they are changes in the genetic material
B. they are a source of variation
C. they can be harmful
D. only impact germ-lines
E. changes can occur at the nucleotide or
chromosome level
30. Which of the following is nottrue regarding
pedigree diagrams?
A. they depict a genetic trait in a family over
multiple generations
B. they are exclusively used for plant breeding
C. they can help determine the inheritance pattern
of dominant vs. recessive traits
D. they can help determine the inheritance
pattern of autosomal vs. sex-linked traits
31. Which of the following removes the lac repressor?
A. CAP
B. glucose
C. allolactose
D. antirepressor molecule
32. Garrod, working with metabolic diseases, and
Beadle and Tatum, working with mutant bread mold
discovered
A. the presence of checkpoint proteins
B. the stages of mitosis
C. the laws of inheritance
D. that genes code for proteins
E. that tRNA codes for carbohydrates
33. The RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA strand
when it reaches the ______.
A. AUG
B. UGA
C. terminator
D. repressor site
E. repressor protein
34. mRNA is created during which process?A. translation
B. transcription
C. interphase
D. mitosis
E. meiosis
35. What is the function of a poly-A tail?
A. allows mRNA to leave the nucleus
B. indicates the 5 end for the ribosome
C. extends the lifespan of an mRNA
D. acts as the start codon
E. acts as the stop codon
36. Which of the following is nottrue regarding
regulatory transcription factors?
A. bind to DNA
B. travel from 3 to 5 creating mRNA
C. prevent transcription from occurring
D. promote transcription of a gene
E. have two sites where binding occurs
37. Which of the following is nottrue regarding
interphase?
A. occurs prior to mitosis
B. occurs prior to meiosis
C. involves the division of the cytoplasm
D. most of a cells life is spent in this stage
E. has 2 checkpoints to regulate activities
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38. Which of the following is nottrue regarding
microtubules?
A. dynamic and hollow
B. astral microtubuleshelp maintain the shape of
the cell during mitosis
C. polar microtubulespush the spindles away
from each other and towards the poles
D. kinetochore microtubuleshelp pull thechromosomes toward the poles
39. A dominant trait
A. is only expressed in homozygous dominant
individuals
B. is only expressed in homozygous recessive
individuals
C. is only expressed in heterozygous individuals
D. is expressed as along as one dominant allele is
presentE. is not expressed as long as one recessive allele is
present
40. Which of the following is the term applied to an
organism that has 3 or more copies of every
chromosome?
A. polyploidy
B. monoploidy
C. aneuploidy
D. trisomic
E. monosomic
41. Which of the following is nottrue regarding self-
crosses?
A. a single individual acts as both the mother and
father
B. commonly performed with plants
C. repeatedly performing self-crosses produces a
single purely heterozygous strain
42. When a piece of chromosome 4 swaps places with a
piece of chromosome 17, this type of mutation is
referred to as a(n)
A. insertion
B. deletion
C. inversion
D. translocation
43. What do you call a single gene that controls
multiple traits?
A. incomplete dominance
B. codominance
C. sex-linked
D. mutant allele
E. pleiotropy
44. Proteins are created using an mRNA blueprint in a
process called _____. (select the best answer)
A. gene expression
B. translation
C. transcription
D. interphase
E. gene regulation
45. Transcription occurs in the ______ in prokaryotes
and the ______ in eukaryotes.A. nucleolus; nucleus
B. ribosome; mitochondria
C. rough ER; cytoplasm
D. cytoplasm; nucleus
E. smooth ER; rough ER
46. Which of the following is nottrue regarding
ribosomes?
A. prokaryotes have a single type, eukaryotes have
multiple types
B. they can be found in the cytoplasm, attached to
the rough ER, and in chloroplasts and mitochondria
C. they are produced in the nucleolus
D. they are formed from 6 protein subunits
E. rRNA acts as a ribozyme
47. The hypothesis of one geneone enzyme had to be
modified because
A. enzymes can be created by modifying
nucleotides
B. many enzymes are coded for using rRNA
C. not all proteins are enzymes
D. not all enzymes are proteins
E. genes code for all four categories of organic
molecules
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48. Which of the following is used by RNA polymerase
to identify the starting point of a gene?
A. AUG
B. UGA
C. promoter
D. activator site
E. activator protein
49. RNA polymerase moves along the DNA strand from
______ creating an RNA copy from ______.
A. 5 to 3; 5 to 3
B. 5 to 3; 3 to 5
C. 3 to 5; 5 to 3
D. 3 to 5; 3 to 5
50. What is the function of small effector molecules?
A. bind with transcription regulatory factors
B. transport amino acidsC. transport nucleotides
D. fold small proteins
E. create RNA primers
51. Which of the following is true regarding
transcription in prokaryotes?
A. requires 4 transcriptional factors to activate the
RNA polymerase
B. they have multiple RNA polymerases which
produce different types of RNA
C. the RNA polymerase travels along the DNA
strand from 5 to 3
D. the RNA polymerase requires a sigma factor to
function and recognize the promoter
52. What do you call a strand of RNA that codes for
multiple proteins?
A. polypeptide tRNA
B. polycistronic mRNA
C. semiautonomous rRNA
D. regulatory pRNA
53. cAMP bonds with which molecule to increase the
expression of lac genes?
A. CAP
B. glucose
C. allolactose
D. antirepressor molecule
54. What happens if a cyclin fails to bind or detach
from a cdk at a given checkpoint?
A. the cell dies
B. the cell becomes cancerous
C. the cell undergoes cytokinesis
D. interphase or mitosis stops until the mistake is
corrected
E. all transcription stops until the ribosomes catchup
55. The following is a list of things associated with
meiosis, but not mitosis. Which of these statements
needs to be removed from the list?
A. form homologous chromosomes
B. crossing over occurs
C. happens throughout the body
D. undergoes 2 rounds of division
E. produces 4 unique haploid cells
56. Mendels work was groundbreaking because it
A. was done with peas
B. occurred in Austria
C. involved controlled breedings
D. acknowledged different alleles
E. associated numbers with the different
phenotypes
57. Which of the following is nottrue regarding
proteins?
A. they are made of monomers called amino acids
B. they form polymers called polypeptides
C. amino acids are linked together by peptide
bonds
D. they are formed via a process called translation
E. they are formed by mitochondria
58. Which of the following is nota benefit of gene
regulation?
A. allows the cell to save energy
B. allows the cell to save resources
C. its important for development
D. controls when, where, and for how long a
protein will be produced
E. its not influenced by external factors
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59. If a gene codes for flower color, then alleles
A. would be purple vs. white
B. are generated using FOIL
C. are all of the possible genotypes
D. are all of the possible phenotypes
E. are autosomal traits
60. What is the process where an RNA copy is createdusing a DNA template?
A. gene expression
B. translation
C. transcription
D. interphase
E. gene regulation
61. The wild type allele is
A. always the dominant allele
B. the allele most common in wild populationsC. the allele most common in mutant populations
D. an allele that produces the most bizarre
phenotype
62. Gene regulation in eukaryotes is different from
prokaryotes because
A. it allows genes to be turned on or off
B. it targets various stages of gene expression
C. it is used to control growth and development
D. it utilizes activators and repressors
63. Which of the following is a phenotype?
A. homozygous dominant
B. PpRRTt
C. pRT
D. tall plant that produces red flowers with purple
spots
64. Which of the following is nottrue regardingtranslation?
A. initiation is assembly of the ribosome and the
placement of the mRNA and first tRNA
B. elongation involves the addition of amino acids
to form a polypeptide chain
C. termination occurs when a stop codon reaches
the A site
D. small effector molecules process the
polypeptide chain forming a folded and functional
protein
65. Which of the following is true regarding a dihybrid
cross?
A. used to determine the genotype of a dominant
parent
B. always occurs as a self-cross
C. produces a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio
D. produces a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio
Answer the following questions with the diagram to the right
66. What do you call this type of diagram?
A. gel electrophoresis
B. PCR
C. Ames test
D. karyotype
E. pedigree
67. True (A) or False (B). The field of genetics that produces and studies
these diagrams is called molecular genetics.
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Answer the following questions with the diagram to the right
68. Which of the following is pointing to the A site?
69. Which of the following is pointing to the polypeptide
chain?
70. Which of the following possesses an anticodon?
71. Which of the following is the template strand?
Answer the following questions with the diagrams below
72. Which phase is seen in this picture?
A. interphase
B. anaphase
C. anaphase I
D. telophase
E. telophase II
73. Which phase is seen in this picture?
A. interphase
B. anaphase
C. anaphase I
D. telophase
E. telophase II
74. Which phase is seen in this picture?
A. prophase
B. prophase I
C. metaphase
D. metaphase II
E. cytokinesis
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Answer the following questions with the diagram to the right
75. The arrow is pointing to the
A. p arm
B. q arm
C. centromere
D. centriole
E. homologous chromosome
76. Which of the following best
describes this form?
A. acrocentric
B. metacentric
C. submetacentric
D. telocentric
(77-85.) Located on the Y chromosome is something
called the SRY, it is the sex determining gene on the Y
chromosome and is responsible for physical maleness.
77. Even though its often referred to as a region, it istechnically a gene which means it is
A. a unit of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA
B. a type of allele
C. variable in terms of location
D. a small chromosome
78. SRY lacks introns, what does this mean?
A. it hates to waste time and is ruthlessly efficient
B. after transcription it is a mature mRNA and
doesnt require processing
C. it still requires a cap and poly-A tail, but no
splicing
79. What is the start codon for SRY?
A. CGA
B. AUG
C. UGA
D. UAA
E. UAG
80. It is possible for an individual who is XXY to be
physically and functionally female due to a mutation in
the SRY. What kind of mutation would cause a gene to
no longer produce a functional protein?
A. silent
B. missense
C. nonsense
D. Robertsonian
81. XXY is an example of
A. polyploidy
B. aneuploidy
C. crossing over
82. What would happen if a severe mutation occurred
in the promoter region associated with SRY?
A. nothing, the gene itself remained untouched
B. transcription would not occur because RNA
polymerase cannot identify the promoter
83. If these mutations occurred due to an external
factor, such as a chemical, they would be referred to as
A. spontaneous mutations
B. induced mutations
C. point mutations
D. deletions
84. What kind of test would you run to determine if a
chemical could cause mutations to occur?
A. gel electrophoresis
B. PCR
C. Ames test
D. karyotype
85. The test mentioned above would indicate a
mutation has occurred when bacteria being grown on a
special medium
A. all die
B. survive
C. appear pink in color
D. form ring-like growth patterns
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------------------------------------------------------------------- End of Scantron Portion ------------------------------------------------------------
In the space provided below answer the following questions.
(86-94) You are tasked with breeding bloodhounds. After some research
you discover that a large dewlap is dominant to a smooth neck, large floppyears are dominant to short ears, and dark eyes are dominant to light
colored eyes.
You produce the first litter by crossing a light eyed male that is
heterozygous for his dewlap and ear length with a light eyed female that is
homozygous dominant for her dewlap and ear length.
Provide the following information for eye color, dewlap, and ear length.
86. What is the genotype for the dad?
87. What is the genotype for the mom?
88. List all of the gametes that can be produced by the dad:
89. List all of the gametes that can be produced by the mom:
90-91. Set up and solve a Punnett square. (2 points) (show your work)
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92. What is the genotypic ratio for the offspring?
93. What is the phenotypic ratio for the offspring?
94. Would it be appropriate to apply a test cross to the puppies youve produced? Why or why not?
95. If you did perform a test cross, what would be the genotype of the other parent?
(96-100) Youre asked about coat patternsin bloodhounds, these dogs range from tan to liver to red, but some of them
have dark markings and others do not. You search for information regarding the dark markings, but cant find any, so
you construct a pedigree diagram to track this dark marking trait.
96. What does a black square indicate?
97. Is this trait autosomal or sex-linked?
98. Is this trait dominant or recessive?
99. What is the genotype for dog A? (remember to report both traits that can be determined from the chart)
100. What is the genotype for dog B?
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Mock Exam 4 - Key
1 B 26 A 51 D 76 A
2 A 27 B 52 B 77 A
3 B 28 C 53 A 78 C
4 B 29 D 54 D 79 B
5 A 30 B 55 C 80 C
6 A 31 C 56 E 81 B
7 A 32 D 57 E 82 B
8 B 33 C 58 E 83 B
9 A 34 B 59 A 84 C
10 B 35 C 60 C 85 B
11 A 36 B 61 B
12 D 37 C 62 C
13 A 38 B 63 D
14 C 39 D 64 D
15 D 40 A 65 D
16 B 41 C 66 D
17 D 42 D 67 B
18 C 43 E 68 AB
19 B 44 B 69 C
20 A 45 D 70 E
21 E 46 D 71 A
22 B 47 C 72 E
23 B 48 C 73 B
24 A 49 C 74 A
25 D 50 A 75 C
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Mock Exam 4 - Key
In the space provided below answer the following questions.
(86-94) You are tasked with breeding bloodhounds. After some research
you discover that a large dewlap is dominant to a smooth neck, large floppy
ears are dominant to short ears, and dark eyes are dominant to light
colored eyes.
You produce the first litter by crossing a light eyed male that is
heterozygous for his dewlap and ear length with a light eyed female that is
homozygous dominant for her dewlap and ear length.
Provide the following information for eye color, dewlap, and ear length.
86. What is the genotype for the dad?
eeDdFf
87. What is the genotype for the mom?
eeDDFF
88. List all of the gametes that can be produced by the dad:
eDF, eDf, edF, edf
89. List all of the gametes that can be produced by the mom:
eDF
90-91. Set up and solve a Punnett square. (2 points) (show your work)
Eye color
Dark = E; Light = e
Dewlap
Dewlap present = D; Smooth neck =
Ear length
Floppy ears = F; Short ears = f
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Mock Exam 4 - Key
92. What is the genotypic ratio for the offspring?
1 eeDDFF : 1 eeDDFf : 1 eeDdFF : 1 eeDdFf
93. What is the phenotypic ratio for the offspring?
All have light eyes, a dewlap and floppy ears
94. Would it be appropriate to apply a test cross to the puppies youve produced? Why or why not?
Yes, All offspring appear dominant. A test cross would determine if an individual is homozygous dominant or
heterozygous for a trait.
95. If you did perform a test cross, what would be the genotype of the other parent?
eeddff
(96-100) Youre asked about coat patterns in bloodhounds, these dogs range from tan to liver to red, but some of them
have dark markings and others do not. You search for information regarding the dark markings, but cant find any, so
you construct a pedigree diagram to track this dark marking trait.
96. What does a black square indicate?
A male with dark markings (or a male expressing the trait in question)
97. Is this trait autosomal or sex-linked?
Autosomal
98. Is this trait dominant or recessive?
Recessive
99. What is the genotype for dog A? (remember to report both traits that can be determined from the chart)
MmXY
100. What is the genotype for dog B?
MMXX
Dark markings
Present = M; absent = m
Blue = not required for points, but very helpful
MmXY MmXX
mmXY M_XY M_XX mmXX M_XY
MMXX
mmXY
MmXY MmXY MmXYMmXXMmXX
MmXX
MmXXMmXY mmXYmmXX
MmXX
M_XY M_XYM_XX mmXX
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