bio unit 4 - mock exam

8/13/2019 BIO Unit 4 - Mock Exam

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Answer Sheet

1 26 51 76

2 27 52 77

3 28 53 78

4 29 54 79

5 30 55 80

6 31 56 81

7 32 57 82

8 33 58 83

9 34 59 84

10 35 60 85

11 36 61 Answer 86-100 on the test.

12 37 62

13 38 63

14 39 64

15 40 65

16 41 66

17 42 67

18 43 68

19 44 69

20 45 70

21 46 71

22 47 72

23 48 73

24 49 74

25 50 75


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Mock Exam 4

True (A) or False (B)

1. Translation in eukaryotes involves a sigma factor

which allows the RNA polymerase to attach to the DNA

strand.

2. A cell from your lung and another from your thigh

bone have the same genome, but different proteomes.

3. Mendels law of independent assortment only

applies to traits found on the same chromosome.

4. The Central Dogma refers to the three stages of

translation.

5. A sex-influenced trait, such as balding, impacts males

and females differently, may mimic a sex-linked trait,

but is located on an autosome.

6. Interphase occurs prior to meiosis.

7. Multiple genes can be found on a DNA helix with the

various templates located on both strands.

8. When lactose and glucose are present in low

concentrations, E. coliproduces proteins required to

transport lactose across the membrane and

metabolized it.

9. An operon is a series of genes that are controlled by

the same regulatory region.

10. Checkpoint proteins are active in all cells and are

the predominant form of mRNA recycling.

11. It is possible for two genetically identical individuals

raised in different environments to express different

phenotypes.

12. Which of the following is nottrue regarding tRNA?

A. created by transcription

B. it is often cloverleaf-shaped

C. transports amino acids

D. regulates DNA replication

E. polymer made up of nucleotides

13. Which of the following would notplay a role in

gene regulation?

A. DNA synthesis

B. transcription

C. RNA processing

D. translation

E. protein folding

14. Nonstructural genes code for

A. proteins

B. DNA

C. RNA

D. carbohydrates

E. lipids

15. Which of the following is nottrue regarding Gregor

Mendel?

A. Austrian monk

B. Father of Genetics

C. performed experiments with peas and bees

D. first to link genes with protein production

E. first to establish rules associated with

inheritance


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16. Which of the following in nottrue regarding

transcription?

A. begins with initiation: RNA polymerase

recognizes the promoter

B. elongation: amino acids are linked together

from 3 to 5

C. termination: RNA polymerase reaches the

terminatorD. after termination, prokaryotic mRNA is ready

for translation

E. eukaryotic mRNA requires processing to add a

cap and poly A tail and remove introns

17. Which of the following is notpart of the lac

operon?

A. multiple promoters

B. multiple terminators

C. CAP binding siteD. gene for glucose catabolism

E. gene for lactose transport

18. Which of the following types of cell division occur in

eukaryotes?

A. mitosis only

B. meiosis only

C. mitosis and meiosis

D. binary fission

E. transformation

19. Which of the following is nottrue regarding the

stages of interphase?

A. G1stage seen in normal functioning cells

B. Sthe mitotic spindle is completed and

positioned

C. G2additional proteins and organelles are

created

D. G0a paused or suspended stage experienced

by some cells (i.e. nerve cells)

20. Which of the following is nottrue regarding

mitosis?

A. forms 4 haploid cells from a single diploid cell

B. responsible for growth

C. replaces dead or damaged cells

D. allows for asexual reproduction

21. Which of the following is nottrue regarding a

Punnett square?

A. the letters along the top and side represent

gametes

B. the letters in the boxes represent the genotypes

of offspring

C. the process depicts a breeding event between

two individualsD. it can be used to determine the phenotypic

ratio of future offspring

E. it can be used to determine if a trait is

autosomal or sex-linked

22. You crossed a yellow flowering plant with a red

flowering plant and produced offspring that have

flowers with yellow and red spots. This is what type of

inheritance?

A. incomplete dominanceB. codominance

C. sex-linked

D. mutant allele

E. pleiotropy

23. When does crossing over occur?

A. prophase

B. prophase I

C. metaphase

D. metaphase II

E. cytokinesis

24. What do you call the process, from start to finish,

by which a gene is used to produce a protein?

A. gene expression

B. translation

C. transcription

D. interphase

E. gene regulation

25. Which of the following attaches an amino acid to

the correct tRNA?

A. lac O

B. operon

C. pyruvate

D. aminoacyl-tRNA synthase

E. -galactosidae


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26. Which of the following is nottrue regarding a

monohybrid cross?

A. Tt x tt

B. produces a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio

C. produces a 3:1 phenotypic ratio


mutations that occur in somatic cells?A. appear in a patch rather than throughout the

body

B. can be passed on to offspring

C. the individual would have two different

genotypes

28. Genes that are always being expressed and are not

regulated are called _____ genes.

A. gradient

B. exergonicC. constitutive

D. extranuclear

E. conservative


mutations?

A. they are changes in the genetic material

B. they are a source of variation

C. they can be harmful

D. only impact germ-lines

E. changes can occur at the nucleotide or

chromosome level


pedigree diagrams?

A. they depict a genetic trait in a family over

multiple generations

B. they are exclusively used for plant breeding

C. they can help determine the inheritance pattern

of dominant vs. recessive traits

D. they can help determine the inheritance

pattern of autosomal vs. sex-linked traits

31. Which of the following removes the lac repressor?

A. CAP

B. glucose

C. allolactose

D. antirepressor molecule

32. Garrod, working with metabolic diseases, and

Beadle and Tatum, working with mutant bread mold

discovered

A. the presence of checkpoint proteins

B. the stages of mitosis

C. the laws of inheritance

D. that genes code for proteins

E. that tRNA codes for carbohydrates

33. The RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA strand

when it reaches the ______.

A. AUG

B. UGA

C. terminator

D. repressor site

E. repressor protein

34. mRNA is created during which process?A. translation

B. transcription

C. interphase

D. mitosis

E. meiosis

35. What is the function of a poly-A tail?

A. allows mRNA to leave the nucleus

B. indicates the 5 end for the ribosome

C. extends the lifespan of an mRNA

D. acts as the start codon

E. acts as the stop codon


regulatory transcription factors?

A. bind to DNA

B. travel from 3 to 5 creating mRNA

C. prevent transcription from occurring

D. promote transcription of a gene

E. have two sites where binding occurs


interphase?

A. occurs prior to mitosis

B. occurs prior to meiosis

C. involves the division of the cytoplasm

D. most of a cells life is spent in this stage

E. has 2 checkpoints to regulate activities


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microtubules?

A. dynamic and hollow

B. astral microtubuleshelp maintain the shape of

the cell during mitosis

C. polar microtubulespush the spindles away

from each other and towards the poles

D. kinetochore microtubuleshelp pull thechromosomes toward the poles

39. A dominant trait

A. is only expressed in homozygous dominant

individuals

B. is only expressed in homozygous recessive

individuals

C. is only expressed in heterozygous individuals

D. is expressed as along as one dominant allele is

presentE. is not expressed as long as one recessive allele is

present

40. Which of the following is the term applied to an

organism that has 3 or more copies of every

chromosome?

A. polyploidy

B. monoploidy

C. aneuploidy

D. trisomic

E. monosomic

41. Which of the following is nottrue regarding self-

crosses?

A. a single individual acts as both the mother and

father

B. commonly performed with plants

C. repeatedly performing self-crosses produces a

single purely heterozygous strain

42. When a piece of chromosome 4 swaps places with a

piece of chromosome 17, this type of mutation is

referred to as a(n)

A. insertion

B. deletion

C. inversion

D. translocation

43. What do you call a single gene that controls

multiple traits?

A. incomplete dominance

B. codominance

C. sex-linked

D. mutant allele

E. pleiotropy

44. Proteins are created using an mRNA blueprint in a

process called _____. (select the best answer)

A. gene expression

B. translation

C. transcription

D. interphase

E. gene regulation

45. Transcription occurs in the ______ in prokaryotes

and the ______ in eukaryotes.A. nucleolus; nucleus

B. ribosome; mitochondria

C. rough ER; cytoplasm

D. cytoplasm; nucleus

E. smooth ER; rough ER


ribosomes?

A. prokaryotes have a single type, eukaryotes have

multiple types

B. they can be found in the cytoplasm, attached to

the rough ER, and in chloroplasts and mitochondria

C. they are produced in the nucleolus

D. they are formed from 6 protein subunits

E. rRNA acts as a ribozyme

47. The hypothesis of one geneone enzyme had to be

modified because

A. enzymes can be created by modifying

nucleotides

B. many enzymes are coded for using rRNA

C. not all proteins are enzymes

D. not all enzymes are proteins

E. genes code for all four categories of organic

molecules


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48. Which of the following is used by RNA polymerase

to identify the starting point of a gene?

A. AUG

B. UGA

C. promoter

D. activator site

E. activator protein

49. RNA polymerase moves along the DNA strand from

______ creating an RNA copy from ______.

A. 5 to 3; 5 to 3

B. 5 to 3; 3 to 5

C. 3 to 5; 5 to 3

D. 3 to 5; 3 to 5

50. What is the function of small effector molecules?

A. bind with transcription regulatory factors

B. transport amino acidsC. transport nucleotides

D. fold small proteins

E. create RNA primers

51. Which of the following is true regarding

transcription in prokaryotes?

A. requires 4 transcriptional factors to activate the

RNA polymerase

B. they have multiple RNA polymerases which

produce different types of RNA

C. the RNA polymerase travels along the DNA

strand from 5 to 3

D. the RNA polymerase requires a sigma factor to

function and recognize the promoter

52. What do you call a strand of RNA that codes for

multiple proteins?

A. polypeptide tRNA

B. polycistronic mRNA

C. semiautonomous rRNA

D. regulatory pRNA

53. cAMP bonds with which molecule to increase the

expression of lac genes?

A. CAP

B. glucose

C. allolactose

D. antirepressor molecule

54. What happens if a cyclin fails to bind or detach

from a cdk at a given checkpoint?

A. the cell dies

B. the cell becomes cancerous

C. the cell undergoes cytokinesis

D. interphase or mitosis stops until the mistake is

corrected

E. all transcription stops until the ribosomes catchup

55. The following is a list of things associated with

meiosis, but not mitosis. Which of these statements

needs to be removed from the list?

A. form homologous chromosomes

B. crossing over occurs

C. happens throughout the body

D. undergoes 2 rounds of division

E. produces 4 unique haploid cells

56. Mendels work was groundbreaking because it

A. was done with peas

B. occurred in Austria

C. involved controlled breedings

D. acknowledged different alleles

E. associated numbers with the different

phenotypes


proteins?

A. they are made of monomers called amino acids

B. they form polymers called polypeptides

C. amino acids are linked together by peptide

bonds

D. they are formed via a process called translation

E. they are formed by mitochondria

58. Which of the following is nota benefit of gene

regulation?

A. allows the cell to save energy

B. allows the cell to save resources

C. its important for development

D. controls when, where, and for how long a

protein will be produced

E. its not influenced by external factors


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59. If a gene codes for flower color, then alleles

A. would be purple vs. white

B. are generated using FOIL

C. are all of the possible genotypes

D. are all of the possible phenotypes

E. are autosomal traits

60. What is the process where an RNA copy is createdusing a DNA template?

A. gene expression

B. translation

C. transcription

D. interphase

E. gene regulation

61. The wild type allele is

A. always the dominant allele

B. the allele most common in wild populationsC. the allele most common in mutant populations

D. an allele that produces the most bizarre

phenotype

62. Gene regulation in eukaryotes is different from

prokaryotes because

A. it allows genes to be turned on or off

B. it targets various stages of gene expression

C. it is used to control growth and development

D. it utilizes activators and repressors

63. Which of the following is a phenotype?

A. homozygous dominant

B. PpRRTt

C. pRT

D. tall plant that produces red flowers with purple

spots

64. Which of the following is nottrue regardingtranslation?

A. initiation is assembly of the ribosome and the

placement of the mRNA and first tRNA

B. elongation involves the addition of amino acids

to form a polypeptide chain

C. termination occurs when a stop codon reaches

the A site

D. small effector molecules process the

polypeptide chain forming a folded and functional

protein

65. Which of the following is true regarding a dihybrid

cross?

A. used to determine the genotype of a dominant

parent

B. always occurs as a self-cross

C. produces a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio

D. produces a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio

Answer the following questions with the diagram to the right

66. What do you call this type of diagram?

A. gel electrophoresis

B. PCR

C. Ames test

D. karyotype

E. pedigree

67. True (A) or False (B). The field of genetics that produces and studies

these diagrams is called molecular genetics.


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68. Which of the following is pointing to the A site?

69. Which of the following is pointing to the polypeptide

chain?

70. Which of the following possesses an anticodon?

71. Which of the following is the template strand?

Answer the following questions with the diagrams below

72. Which phase is seen in this picture?

A. interphase

B. anaphase

C. anaphase I

D. telophase

E. telophase II


A. interphase

B. anaphase

C. anaphase I

D. telophase

E. telophase II


A. prophase

B. prophase I

C. metaphase

D. metaphase II

E. cytokinesis


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75. The arrow is pointing to the

A. p arm

B. q arm

C. centromere

D. centriole

E. homologous chromosome

76. Which of the following best

describes this form?

A. acrocentric

B. metacentric

C. submetacentric

D. telocentric

(77-85.) Located on the Y chromosome is something

called the SRY, it is the sex determining gene on the Y

chromosome and is responsible for physical maleness.

77. Even though its often referred to as a region, it istechnically a gene which means it is

A. a unit of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA

B. a type of allele

C. variable in terms of location

D. a small chromosome

78. SRY lacks introns, what does this mean?

A. it hates to waste time and is ruthlessly efficient

B. after transcription it is a mature mRNA and

doesnt require processing

C. it still requires a cap and poly-A tail, but no

splicing

79. What is the start codon for SRY?

A. CGA

B. AUG

C. UGA

D. UAA

E. UAG

80. It is possible for an individual who is XXY to be

physically and functionally female due to a mutation in

the SRY. What kind of mutation would cause a gene to

no longer produce a functional protein?

A. silent

B. missense

C. nonsense

D. Robertsonian

81. XXY is an example of

A. polyploidy

B. aneuploidy

C. crossing over

82. What would happen if a severe mutation occurred

in the promoter region associated with SRY?

A. nothing, the gene itself remained untouched

B. transcription would not occur because RNA

polymerase cannot identify the promoter

83. If these mutations occurred due to an external

factor, such as a chemical, they would be referred to as

A. spontaneous mutations

B. induced mutations

C. point mutations

D. deletions

84. What kind of test would you run to determine if a

chemical could cause mutations to occur?

A. gel electrophoresis

B. PCR

C. Ames test

D. karyotype

85. The test mentioned above would indicate a

mutation has occurred when bacteria being grown on a

special medium

A. all die

B. survive

C. appear pink in color

D. form ring-like growth patterns


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------------------------------------------------------------------- End of Scantron Portion ------------------------------------------------------------

In the space provided below answer the following questions.

(86-94) You are tasked with breeding bloodhounds. After some research

you discover that a large dewlap is dominant to a smooth neck, large floppyears are dominant to short ears, and dark eyes are dominant to light

colored eyes.

You produce the first litter by crossing a light eyed male that is

heterozygous for his dewlap and ear length with a light eyed female that is

homozygous dominant for her dewlap and ear length.

Provide the following information for eye color, dewlap, and ear length.

86. What is the genotype for the dad?

87. What is the genotype for the mom?

88. List all of the gametes that can be produced by the dad:

89. List all of the gametes that can be produced by the mom:

90-91. Set up and solve a Punnett square. (2 points) (show your work)


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92. What is the genotypic ratio for the offspring?

93. What is the phenotypic ratio for the offspring?

94. Would it be appropriate to apply a test cross to the puppies youve produced? Why or why not?

95. If you did perform a test cross, what would be the genotype of the other parent?

(96-100) Youre asked about coat patternsin bloodhounds, these dogs range from tan to liver to red, but some of them

have dark markings and others do not. You search for information regarding the dark markings, but cant find any, so

you construct a pedigree diagram to track this dark marking trait.

96. What does a black square indicate?

97. Is this trait autosomal or sex-linked?

98. Is this trait dominant or recessive?

99. What is the genotype for dog A? (remember to report both traits that can be determined from the chart)

100. What is the genotype for dog B?


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Mock Exam 4 - Key

1 B 26 A 51 D 76 A

2 A 27 B 52 B 77 A

3 B 28 C 53 A 78 C

4 B 29 D 54 D 79 B

5 A 30 B 55 C 80 C

6 A 31 C 56 E 81 B

7 A 32 D 57 E 82 B

8 B 33 C 58 E 83 B

9 A 34 B 59 A 84 C

10 B 35 C 60 C 85 B

11 A 36 B 61 B

12 D 37 C 62 C

13 A 38 B 63 D

14 C 39 D 64 D

15 D 40 A 65 D

16 B 41 C 66 D

17 D 42 D 67 B

18 C 43 E 68 AB

19 B 44 B 69 C

20 A 45 D 70 E

21 E 46 D 71 A

22 B 47 C 72 E

23 B 48 C 73 B

24 A 49 C 74 A

25 D 50 A 75 C


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Mock Exam 4 - Key

In the space provided below answer the following questions.

(86-94) You are tasked with breeding bloodhounds. After some research

you discover that a large dewlap is dominant to a smooth neck, large floppy

ears are dominant to short ears, and dark eyes are dominant to light

colored eyes.

You produce the first litter by crossing a light eyed male that is

heterozygous for his dewlap and ear length with a light eyed female that is

homozygous dominant for her dewlap and ear length.

Provide the following information for eye color, dewlap, and ear length.

86. What is the genotype for the dad?

eeDdFf

87. What is the genotype for the mom?

eeDDFF

88. List all of the gametes that can be produced by the dad:

eDF, eDf, edF, edf

89. List all of the gametes that can be produced by the mom:

eDF

90-91. Set up and solve a Punnett square. (2 points) (show your work)

Eye color

Dark = E; Light = e

Dewlap

Dewlap present = D; Smooth neck =

Ear length

Floppy ears = F; Short ears = f


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Mock Exam 4 - Key

92. What is the genotypic ratio for the offspring?

1 eeDDFF : 1 eeDDFf : 1 eeDdFF : 1 eeDdFf

93. What is the phenotypic ratio for the offspring?

All have light eyes, a dewlap and floppy ears

94. Would it be appropriate to apply a test cross to the puppies youve produced? Why or why not?

Yes, All offspring appear dominant. A test cross would determine if an individual is homozygous dominant or

heterozygous for a trait.

95. If you did perform a test cross, what would be the genotype of the other parent?

eeddff

(96-100) Youre asked about coat patterns in bloodhounds, these dogs range from tan to liver to red, but some of them

have dark markings and others do not. You search for information regarding the dark markings, but cant find any, so

you construct a pedigree diagram to track this dark marking trait.

96. What does a black square indicate?

A male with dark markings (or a male expressing the trait in question)

97. Is this trait autosomal or sex-linked?

Autosomal

98. Is this trait dominant or recessive?

Recessive

99. What is the genotype for dog A? (remember to report both traits that can be determined from the chart)

MmXY

100. What is the genotype for dog B?

MMXX

Dark markings

Present = M; absent = m

Blue = not required for points, but very helpful

MmXY MmXX

mmXY M_XY M_XX mmXX M_XY

MMXX

mmXY

MmXY MmXY MmXYMmXXMmXX

MmXX

MmXXMmXY mmXYmmXX

MmXX

M_XY M_XYM_XX mmXX

bio unit 4 - mock exam

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