big trends in human evolution
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Big Trends in
Human Evolution
Introduction – Human Evolution Mosaic Evolution: ________________________
With respect to human evolution:• _____________________• Developed at varying times along our
evolutionary history
But how did we get here? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Anatomical Adaptations for Bipedalism1. ___________
Increase in ________ Changes to hallux __________
2. _______________ _____________________
Anatomical Adaptations for Bipedalism
Anatomical Adaptations for Bipedalism
3. _______________________ Increase in surface area Extension ____________ __________ - angled towards the
middle of the body
Anatomical Adaptations for Bipedalism
4. Pelvis _____________________ ______________________
Anatomical Adaptations for Bipedalism
5. _________________
____________________
Morphological Changes 6. Foramen Magnum – _______________________
Bipedal – ____________________
Quadrupedal – ______________________
Hominin Evolution
Pre-dating Australopithecus
Hominins discovered in _________________
Bipedal – debatable in some species
We will focus on the species for which there is ________________of bipedalism
Ardipithecus ramidus
Middle Awash area of Ethiopia
Approximately 4.4mya
Found: 1.2.3.
Ardipithecus ramidus
Indicators of Bipedalism____________________
Femur and pelvis
Humerus – _______________
Foot Phalanges ______________
Ardipithecus ramidus
Ardipithecus ramidus
Ardi = “facultative” bipedWhat do you think this term mean?
Australopithecus afarensis
_______________Hadar, EthiopiaLaetoli, Tanzania
3.6-3.0 mya
Forest, woodland, grassland
A. afarensis – Traits
Bipedal1.2.
Some Arboreal Abilities Retained1.2.
A. afarensis – Traits
A. afarensis – Traits
Type Fossil – “Lucy”Found: 1974, Hadar, Ethiopia
____________________Both armsMuch of the pelvisLeft femur, right tibiaHand and Foot bones
Adult (based on 3rd molar)_____________
Type Site: Laetoli Footprints
Tanzania
3.6 mya
75 feet long preserved _____________
___________ ______________
A New Hominin
Australopithecus sediba Discovered in 2008;
located in South Africa
Proposed by some to be the best candidate __________ _________________
A New Hominin
Features:________________Pelvis – ________
of Australopithecus-like and Homo-like features
Hand –Foot & ankle
shape –
The Genus Homo – Overall Trends
Characterized by:
Introduction To Homo habilis Contemporaneous with
_______________________
Anatomically different than specimens assigned to the genus _______________________
Distinguishing feature – _________________H. habilis shows an ___________________as
compared to Australopithecines
Homo habilis – OH 24
Location: Olduvia Gorge (Africa)
Comparison to Australopithecines: 1. 2.
“Twiggy” or OH 24Dated to ~ 1.8mya
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