beyond bourbon-1948: fourth year of allied collaborative ...€¦ · peaee prize ror 1948, which...
Post on 11-Aug-2020
0 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
DocrD 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Tap IEERET IMIM
Beyond BOURBON- 1948
The Fourth Year of Allied Collaborative COMINT
Bffort aaiDst the Soviet Union (8 SS9)
tnCHAZL L PZTEISON
Author bOCa TIaia if tIa fifth ad flail ill a wIofCry qrt artieIM OD til Awd
Cf1llampOIqic c6d apinaamp til Soviet Union rly ia the CoI4 War The rie bepD in the
Fal1IWiDCar fa iMIII au4 IIu run ln ltO_W6 i_ A eomplUlion nicb 0 tbia n bullbullbullbullbullbull RaIDOVo hID Normal SICm ProctQIIlO WU plbliahtd ill the WiDw 19Niaut
INTRODUCTION (U)
(6oee~ BOU1t8ON was the Formally assigned coername or wha~ was initially ~ joint American-Britisb project to target communications or the Soviet Union after World War II BOURBON was essentially a
ampnd the covername was uaed extensively throughout 1946 dm1~rtDtieR_an in latemiddot1947 Therefore 1948shy
AlJuico GrId the WGrZd - J948 (U)
(U) Overall prices and inflation in America ~se at record rates in 1948 by July a buclr Wamp8 worth 4if inprewar dollars EmpJoyment production and corporate profits also ~Jjmbed to record levels Waps rose 39 percent But by December employment was down again and retai18tore~ reported lagging salel The year 1948 ended with most buameUe8 in decline and with the economy as a whole being characterized with worda like unstable and uneertain
(U) In other wordS 1948had its ups alul downs much like the prince in Shakespeares play Hamli8t the movfe of whicb won the Oscar for Best Piclure of 1948 Other endings included Indias Mahatma Gandhi who was all8aS8inateci and Babe Ruth who died of cancer
DECLASSIFIED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE INTERAGENCY SECURITY CLASSIFICATION APPEALS PANEL EO 13526 SECTION 53(b)(3) ISCAP No ]0 10 -()OS- document1shy
1 18 5tEItT YM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 ClYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
(U) An ominous nonevent ended tJte year - the Nobel Committee decided to award no peaee prize ror 1948 which perhaps explains why Quotation marks feU oftthe Cold War idiom The two sides of that conflict whlch had vaeue1y formed in 1947 became more clearly drawn in 1948 East versus West communism versus capitalism totalitarianism versus democraey Russia versus the United States
(U) SpecificallyI the Soviets began to tum that part of Germany they controlled into a separate nation Firlt they decreed a new economic administration for their German one then declared a separate currency Finally the Soviets blockaded Berlin which the United State and Britain countered with an airlift of food fuel and other supplies Meanwhile CleChoslovakia ren to the communists but Titos Yugoalavia escaped Soviet control
(tJ) The MarabaJl Plan was working in Western Europe bllt in Asia larle losses were beinl taken North Korean communista decreed a Peoples Republic and Mao Tseshytung communist army swept through Manchuria taking control of the northern half of China
(U) Harry S Truman asked Congress to reinstate the military draA in ease it was needed to meet Soviet threats asserting that world peace 4epended solely 012 Russia Truman also won reelection to th presidency
(U) PinaUy Soviet spies ee~ to be coming out of the woodwork in 1948 Elizabeth Sentley Vaa gradaate and long-time leadero a Soviet espionage rin blew the whittle on twelve top US Reds ineluding Whittaker Chambers who in turn named Alger Hiss and eight other spies Their m~88ion largely successful included stealing Americas atomic secreta
DIrect CIA Ace to Raw Tnrnazationt ffH I
I
EI 888) The protection ofAD)erica atomic secreta was a counterintelligence concern mostly tor the Federat Bureau be Investigation (FBI) In contrast Ul~overing Soviet
bullatomic secrets should have been the main concern ot most of AmeriefLs intelligencef
community The United States euroommunication Intellipnce Board (USCIB) the COM1NT member of that community ho+ever seemect more occupied working communitywide COMINT policy and organizationaJ issues This eftorl included fiddling witb the OOMINT processing business In April for example USCIB gave the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (and other consumers) ~ater access to COMlNT activities authorizing them to reCeive raw translations and othJr unfinished products considered by them necessary ror
I
the (ulfillment oCtheir mission or1producing finished intelligence III FurthermoreOOVINT eonaumer organizations were alllO allowed to place incLHtrinated representative within COMINT producing sections2
(8888) RH Hi1lenkoetter Rear Admiral US Navy and Director or Central Intelligence (DCI) approached the Army Security Agency (ASA) early in 1948 requesting additional COMINT particularly +raw translations illIibullbull
I IEO 13526 section 14(c) Mr IIMI WMaltA 2
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURION Ie sleMbullbull
U~atrictecl aecua to the COMlm activities i neiIS was required ucordinr to Hillenkoetter beeautl it was of fundamental importance- tor C~A to not on]y have workinr accna both to th8 material and activitiea to determine the existence or Uillt inteUipnce but aleo that (ClA be aware of gape in collum coverage to ahift areater emphasis to other sources when requiredmiddot
88 888) HUienkoetter had worked out acceptable arraagementa With both ABA nd the Communication Support Annex Washington (CSAW) where the US Navy crYPtologic organilation Ira JOCftecl but the Army wanted USCIB to take oft-cw notice otthe solution Consequently the blue was on the apnda tor a USCIB meeting held in April A dDcutsion of termiDology started of he ialUe with US Army colonel
nnltfllrTilll1t the term over CIA choice
ultimately IICr- oll1nd hera aever rHCha en ollleiGc trallll ampDIl written up _
COMINT inlonuatiOIl H oadiDed iUllltratlv in the Procuatnl ai ASA IIMI comllllUtcl
tM II bad lI1l irIAllllltCl that 101Mti1M1 II little al 20 perctn of the oriSiDLI volume 01 illterpWei mawnalla fiaally pr-lICd H eaielhe woultl have 110objectionl toauppqilll tileCIA
widlaD7l1pKl(lC in raw form-fo _ in verilyiq puticulM-tr~WtUaaL1M
wboo_1t deliY~Q 01 rrut mau of Crwil COMINT malrialllO tb CIA by ASA wuJd lie
mlklal1y inmciaatlid _relr a 4iIOfllIiad aPPfOllCh to prvDlIIID that CIIIuJd be haacl1ed m _
_ tiafaetorilr by the ArmT furniellinl UlDllati_ to chi CIA He ald he btliev tJae CIA
reaD wanWid raw ~tioM aIMI that a IllilaGmer4
(B 888) Although all USCIB memberlagreecl with the change o(terminololY it was clear (rom the minutes that Chamberlin wal still not happy with CIAs increased acceu to ASAIJ material He laWIChed into a detailed lecture on the importance of protecting the security of COWINT expressing his concern that too many people are receiYing such information 1li1lank~tter replied that he agreed but that comparUon proble~ dealt with the imperative neCtisaryfor the ClA to get all available intelUpuce from alllOUrcn in order todischarge i~ statutory responsibilities Chamberlin said he woulclptl11IOnally UlUme the reaponsibilit1 to insure that CIA zeotived from the ID [Intelligence Division] all products of the Arny CI [communications intelligence] ystem which would be valuable to the CIA in prformance of its mission HiHenkoetter continued the ampparrilli
byobICrvlng that no one could uk for a finner guarantee than the one given by General I
Chamberlin At tro point Thomas B Inglis Rear Admiral US Navy and commander omoe 01 Naval InteJ1~ce COND took up the cudpl commenting that even ItO the exiatence of such a guarantee would not in pr~tice act to protect the person ruanmteed b_UMauch a guarantee would not be accepted by auperiorsmiddot a valid ncuse tor failuze to cUHharge one rl~nibilitiebull At thia point the State Department reprentativ) Mr Park Armstrong lUrid he aumed that theaa procedures applied 8S well to Sat8 All Imiddot
3 le In MlRaft
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 la lIlaE bull MIt CBYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
memben agreed While this policy applied to all COMlNT it was clearly directed at and had its largest i~cton Soviet COlllNT
amprly U3 CwaUzation BffortJl (U)
til 888) Surptisingly Soviet cryptographic practices played a rote in influencing the US pvernments early efrorta to centralize tbe processing ofCOMTNT In October 1948 a new Service Cryptologic Agency (SCA - later Service Cryptologic Element SCE) the United States Air Force Security Service (USAFSS) was established joining the ezisti~g dynamic duomiddot of ABA and CSAW From a Department of Defense perspective a new agency meant not only three SCAs to deal with but added costs Perhaps it would be less
expeMive the thinking went to create a unified or joint agency Some US policymaken theorised that a centralized cryptanalytic aUack on centrally controlled Soviet cryptoaystems might make mOre sense than the existing and expensive coordinakd but separate attaclts being mounted 4t the time by the Army and Navy with the Air Force in the eryptologic wings
This kind of thinking w~ bebiml the establishment of the IJO-Called Stone Board (named after AdmiJal Earl E Stoneits chairman) which met as directed by the seeretary of defente James V Forrtal initiaUy oD26 August 194amp publishing ita report in December 1948 Thia ted ultimately to the creation in 1949 of the Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA) the immediate precleeessor to tbe National Security Agency 1
fa ggg) USCIB continued in 1948 to oversee the day-toGay operations of the SCAs through tbe mechanism of the cOordinator of Joint Operations (CJO) the closest US position to a director NSA that existed belore 1952 The ehieC ot ASA and CSAW took turns each year wearing the secOnd hat as CJO attempting with limited success to coordinate the separate COMINT oPerations oreach SCA
lfI)Ieee) As in the three previous yean Sovwtmiddot communications of cryptanalytic intereat in 1948 were primarily uJ found on telegraph lines and HF radio (3-80 MHz) But change ~all in the airwaves Target communication modes remained mostly manual Morse ~ radioprinter Some radiotelephone traffic was found pririly in the HE range but V~F (30-300 MHz) communications were also intmrpted
bull ae8 AsignUicantly more important elCCeption to the general picture was the evershyinereaaing volume of commere~8IN unenciphered or plain language telcrams
i r
Ta 61bullbull MIftltL 4
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON TQp Iii ~N1t
ex~hanged by Siet industrial ministries research and deelopment (RampD) center and institutes and plantamp and factories Finally electronic intelligenc~ (KLINT) mottlyradars continued to be dealt with apart from COMINT by the military services The USAFs ferret program of aerial reconnaissance which focuaed bean1 on BUNT belan however to show an eer-increasing degree of collaboration with the SCAs fixed station COMINT operations
BOURBOHHWtlIflhta of lfH8 (U)
eN 88) Highlights in Allied collaboration included ajoint technical conference held in London in July 1948 largely to endorse an enhanced Anglo-American effort against SOviet There was BOl1RBON coUaboration with
(8 888) Human resources continued to be added in abu~dance to the Soviet problem in 1948 no matter how one counted The num~r of Americans and British subjects dedicated to BOTRBON rose 62 percent in a years time Moreover in the United State one thirdof aU SlGINTerS worked the Soviet problem (leaving 67 percent working on the reat of the world) with thepelcentage growing beeauee BOURBON got two thirds or all new hirea in 1948
tLMee) The two-thirds traction applied also amp0 the ratio of available US intercept positions tasked against the Soviet Union positions that were growing in number in field stations that were inereasin( both in number and geographic coverage AI result us collection of Soviet tarets rose during 1948 from roughly massages per month to about Ofeourse the British with their much larger more widespread colJection capability sUH copied mOlt of the Soviet traffic
Mr Herbett Cooley who had been on the stall of the Senior US Liaison OfFuer (SUSLO) London itt ui47 and was by late 1948 an ASA supervisor inlved in analysie and reporting of SoViet targets assesaed in December the strides made in eollection and forwarding FintlJ reported on recent ~tercept improvements
I Continued attnlpta to buLlci up intatOlp Nengtl had made itp08llllhle by the_er
of 1948 til begin intercept orRlISIrianoperational 01 lowleVeI Military and Military Air circuit in
thilara The inleneptancl analytJ ollUdllinb hu _1 increaaed during ~ fUC lew mondat
with 8D1phalia Wing accelerated III the Ruasiau have reduced tnulIDIinionbullbullbullbullbullbull I
Operatioaal air ina employinl radio-telephon bIIIDliaalonl h Iot been intercepud
~w[1 but eo~erofMona Iinb ieextnalve
Ef)uee8 Theft ~onley pointed out how forwarding to ASA of selected intercept had been made more timely by years end
At th presentJlate Arm1 SecuriC) Aleney Waahington is reeelvlni daily by teletype all air
arn and opentionaJ ir tra8ic intercepted at U8 afUON IUIIIi u Britieb 11_1
rORssnsr
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fir 11 tlMI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTtRLY
ill tba UK INormatioll GIl mo(RuMian pia_IllEwosN i6 avilable ill WNdlJfOIl withid
MW lIourar the fticht has bwnheduled9
Speculation about the reasons ranged from normal development in SOviet
I EO 13526 section 14( c)
cryptographic security (the early thinkinrgt to later leanings strongly toward espionage
with only backlop to ~Jean UP 11 5 cryptanalytic resource dropped $ percent by the end of the year
8t lraffic analysis of Soviet eommunications reached maturity Again Conley speaking only for ABA said it well
IEO 13526 section 14( c)
bull8 8S8) Soviet plain-language proeessini in 1948 rose like a phoenix out of the asbes bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull The nWor 1947 problem of a shortfall in Russian linguists was on the road to being recli1ied td 1948 The RUlIsian languge work force inmiddotASA and eSAW increased 131 percent overtiking the number of trmc and falling only bullbullbullbull people abort of the cryptanalytic work foree Two plain-language IMsaps were revie~lldduring the ~_r and ABA alone (llUJre than
_ every working day) based on plain-language material Limited statistics were avanable for CSA W but ita linguists inmiddot March 1948 scanned over plain-language ttltsagel and transla~lIIIofthemu
6
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOUIUSON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot pound6 ggg) GCHQ also quickly recognized the potential significance of Soviet plain
language material pointing out in its April proposal for an eICJ~cied USA) that the
Eli (89) AHiedcryptololPs published thousands of C01((NT reports in 1948 These reports mi~ed teehnieal items sucD as lisu with inteIJigEmce intormation bulletins in the same serialization systems making little distinetion between them except for limiting some technical reports to producer egeneies presumably on the basis orcustomer interest The consumer agency seemed to be able to
et all the technical details it wanted More important contemporary distlnctions were made between the processing sources iegt cryptanalysis traffic analysis or plain language
~ Conley in his December memoranduM also addressed how timely ASA reporting on Soviet aircraft mevementswas ~ming l
Material ffOj piaU text meeaampell ia i~attcl both al 9 ASA KlttOpe and at liSA WMbington 10 bat compolite inforlNuolI i
aYlliiable to intelligence COIIIQftIeBwithin I minimum oUime ASA Europe ia prlllenlb iaalling to
DEVELOPMENTS IN ALLIEDCOLLABOftATION (U)I I
U8 - lJritUIt LitJlaJn (U) I
(80eeet SUSLO London had loog wresUed with the problem or sbipping copies of Brit-ish-intercepted Soviet traffic back to Washington having had to depend Cor the 1DOS~ )artonBritish transportation assets sinee BOURBON was implemented1I1 Therefore it wtlt
witlt great pride deilared a major userB ampee)mpli6hment when in January 1948 there was finally established a US-controlled air courier aervice for the transportatiOn of raw kame from London to Washington On 20 January 1948 the fUSt batch ofraw trafYic was delivered at the Arican embalsy JA)ndon by SUSLO for shipment to the United
Stateu I ~ There was no doubt that cryptologie liaison between America and the British
in 1948 waarequire4 US Navy captain Joseph N WengerchieCofthe Navyscryptologic organisation wearj~1 his CJO bat confirmed in february in a statement oC collection requirements that t~ collaboration withGCHQ remained bighly desirable He then cited al justiflcation forthe continued collaboration the fact that the British and their
~_~ cbannels were used for example for the expression or Americanshyintercept tasking In May 1948 GCHQ was informed through
7
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 riP IIIAI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section l4(c)
fSa88) The centerp~ for American and British eryptologie liaison in 194$ WIllI the cond BRUSA Technical Conference held from 15 to 26 Ju1y The first confereace had
bien convened in the spring of 1946 shortly afec the 8RUSA Agreement was signed OCHQ called for the seconcl conference to review and make changes to the appendices produced during the first conference ASA was eager for a conference to plan for el12ugncy relocation of its stations in Europe CSAW on the other hand Fielded roluctantry to the urginga of the CJO Colonel Hayes who had replaced Captain Wenger amp1 CJO in April 1948 The conlerence agenda was to be restricted to five general topics $ilCUrity and pioceB8inC intereept~ eommunieations traffic analysis and standardization
(8 iii) Ofte topic however got very S-peeiflC 118 applied to the Soviet problem Plain
languare loomed Jarge for eryptolollic managers responsible for the Soviet target Conaequent)y Appendix B or the aRUSA Agreement was revis~d 80 that the security and dissemination regulations now also applied to Soviet radiotelephone I-E-O-]-3-5-2-6--se-c-t-io-n-l--4(-c-)- itltelIigenee andthe grading ofplaintext messages Furthermore a new Appendix K was formulated to embody the results or a complete survey of the Soviet plain te)[t and radioshyIephone targetal There was considerable correspondence between GCHQ and America conctrnin the exchange of Russian plain language traffic in 1948 (about whieb more later) During preparations for the London Conference US Army lieutenant Fred 8richt emphaeized to Waabington that he as a liaison officer needed to understand dearly what was happening in the rleld of Russian plain-Ianguage processing22
(amp 888 Although American cryptanalysts had worked together with British cryptanalyst in GCHQ spaces since 1945 in December 1948 the rUst forma))) integrated workin pady was formed at GCHQwhen three Americans arrived in London to join the Meteorological Party It integrated US and GCHQ experts in cryptanalysis traftic palysis and reporilng as an element in one of GCHQs departments controlled by the director OCHQ The MET I as it was minimized duplication ot effort and increased the identifiltl8tion the understanclinc of
Combined p8-rti8S-_______--- za I EO 13526 section 14(c)
l8P iiiAil YMIM 8
1
DOCID 3216~25 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14c) I GeO) In early 1948 British intemgenee authorities proposed collaboration with the United StAtes in electronic intelligence (iUNTJ or as it was then called el4lCb-onie reconnaislUce In the UK EWIT was upervised by the COKINT Board otthe LSIB In America however the military services contloIJed UNT with USCIB playing no part Nevertheless Captain Wenger in his last month the USClBs CJO was the recipient of th4I British request for collaboration in LINT Wenger called a meeting of all rv~ representatives to addre the iaaue Ultimatety the director of Intelligence USAF propoeed that the commanding pneral usAF Europe and the Us commander in ebief Mediterranean Fleet be allowed a imited ~ controlIeci exchange or raw informa~n (not analysis) with the British Alia recommended was that the overall joint superviion of the exchange be veampted in the Joint Chiel of Staff bull Prbullbullumably thbullbullbull rlCOmmendations were agreed to and for the time being USClB evidently played no turtherpartin Us ZUNT
(8eetO The good news for future writers and readers or cryptologic history wa founcl in a JLG announcement or 15 October that the secret title London Signal Intelligence
Centre (LSle) would be abolihed on 1 November 1948 with instructions that only GCHQ hould be used for an purpose there~rIII I
-1E---O--13-5--2--6-s-ec-t-io-n-l-4--(c-)-I
Continuatia1 of U
9 TQP ~A[1 UIRA
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLYPM 1 NI
liniater nRaeuoll they could IIOt raU to obaarve that tile partnenhip rel8mbled the eltluality ofthe
lIorbullbullncl-rebbi -oll4l rtooDeritS1 I-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-tl-middoto-n-l--4(-c-)---
(8Ie885 USCIB was also concerned with the increased risks to COMlNT security that went along with widning the base about COM(NT activities and was disturbed by implications of that there was a weakness somewhere in the existing chain of COMINT eCurityJOII2 No agreement was reached but negotiations would continue Formal letters between and Washington were exchanged throughout the fall and winter of 1948 slowly narrowin the differences between the two parties
(i ampQ~ Meanwhile working level liaison continued By 1948 USN lieutenant Max Gunn of CSAW to coordinate teehnical matters between Washingtcm and the pertaining to the eatablishmentand tOnstruction of radio intercept stations sa r-I-E-O--135-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
(10888) USCIB kept GCHQ informed a8 to the nature of materials being sent to bullbullbull For example UseIB provided GCHQ with a list of materils sent
other
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(fi amp8amp) The UJited State~ Com~unicati()na (ntel1ig~nee Coordinating Committee (Uscrcc) composed of senior cqptologic ofticials end subordinate to USCIBmiddot had been disinclined to aatisfy the British request without further explanation concerning
But Washington eventually acceded to Londons wilhes permitting
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
l8P 1Ii1T MBItA 10
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON fIItlMI_I EO13526 section 14(c)(d)
PERSONNEL RESOfRCES (U)
8888 Aa it would not be too mueh oran exalPra~on to state metaphorically that in 1947 Americana were thrown at the Soviet problem thus it i fair to add figuratively that in 1948 Americana were poured into the Soviet problem ASA cryptologic processinc manpower (ie not countinc collection personnel) dedicated to the Soviet tlrpt grew by 48 per~nt in 1948 COunterpart Navy personnel inereased a whopping 73 percent for an overall American rise lof 59 percent in 1948 This rate 01 increase was double the 1947 rate bull
I (E888) Available statistics or the total of ASA end CSAW personnel (ie including
personnel working n~n-Soviet targets) show that penonnei dedieated to the Soviet I
problem accounted or 27 percent in 1947 and 34 percent in 1948 atbe tota population at th two Washington cbMiNI centers As the fonowing chart shows too two thirds of all the Dew hires in 1948 ~re apparently assigned to the Soviet problem
I I
ASA Soviet C8AWsectovi~ Tpt1 Soviet TNtASAJ(jSAWPopulation
December 1947 434 241 675 December 1948 428 1078bull
ampee~ A careful review of the 8tatisti~ will show that wbile there were 1073 Americans8flsigned tothe Soviet prQblem in December 1948Qnly 657 were cryptanalysta
1) iibullbull UlRic
The~ picture revealed that eight
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbull 1111iiI WMlRA CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERLY
traffic analysts or language analysts It
turns out that the other 428 people were in support (unctions such as administration traftic preprocessing maintenance and clerical Another 171 (or 40 percent) were in the training pipeline a tail that did not appear identiliable in the montJaly statiaticsuntil February 1948
(eoee The Britiehwith still fewer people to throw at (or pour into) the Soviet problem Ulan the Americans nonetheless increased their ante too The substantia growth rate oC59 percentin American etyptologic processing personnel was combined with 8 more impressive 71 percent rise in British cryptologiats dtdicated to processing the Soviet targe~ This gave an Anglo-Ameriean annual increase or 62 percent doubling the previous yeatl rate and cOn~g the amuing groWth (in the race o( general reduction or defenle forces oCboth countries) as the following ~hart shows
us
ocmberlH7
DeoonIber 1948
- A breakdown of these statistiand linguists will be presented
whe
addreued
COLLECTION (U)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
cs into the number ofcryp~naJyata traffic aDalystl n the contributions bytheBe individual skills are
IKO 13526 section 14(c)
(8 amp99) By April 1948 the United States had thirty-six Ar~vy field stAtiona located both stateside and overseas Britain operated __ and the
Lesa than a year later in January 1949 because oCvarious closings and the number of British operated sites had dropped by one to _
The US number was thirty-five - including one USAF aite (USA-45) (or (erret CoNMning ferret flights in 194amp a stripped down USAF 8-29 ferret reportedly
overflew Soviet Siberia on an lmost twenty-ho~-lonl reconnaissance mission from Alaska to Japan on 5 AU8Ust oni 8 AulUst the same aircraft reversed the rught path returnine to Alaska These two missions were repeated on 1 and 6 Septembermiddot
I I f I
TtUkintI and CoUection Reeei~ (UJI
(8888) A gJimpaeofUS intercept tasking for 1-15 October 1948 shows that ofWbull
documented US eollection positio~ 548 (or 67 percent) were tasked against Soviet Morse and radioprinter targets intercept positions were so tasked with
Jevied
(i ggO~ To show once again how statistics can be misleading however apparently not all or those tasked potitions w~re manned More elaborate statistics for Januuy 1949
18fiiG U
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 ClYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
(U) An ominous nonevent ended tJte year - the Nobel Committee decided to award no peaee prize ror 1948 which perhaps explains why Quotation marks feU oftthe Cold War idiom The two sides of that conflict whlch had vaeue1y formed in 1947 became more clearly drawn in 1948 East versus West communism versus capitalism totalitarianism versus democraey Russia versus the United States
(U) SpecificallyI the Soviets began to tum that part of Germany they controlled into a separate nation Firlt they decreed a new economic administration for their German one then declared a separate currency Finally the Soviets blockaded Berlin which the United State and Britain countered with an airlift of food fuel and other supplies Meanwhile CleChoslovakia ren to the communists but Titos Yugoalavia escaped Soviet control
(tJ) The MarabaJl Plan was working in Western Europe bllt in Asia larle losses were beinl taken North Korean communista decreed a Peoples Republic and Mao Tseshytung communist army swept through Manchuria taking control of the northern half of China
(U) Harry S Truman asked Congress to reinstate the military draA in ease it was needed to meet Soviet threats asserting that world peace 4epended solely 012 Russia Truman also won reelection to th presidency
(U) PinaUy Soviet spies ee~ to be coming out of the woodwork in 1948 Elizabeth Sentley Vaa gradaate and long-time leadero a Soviet espionage rin blew the whittle on twelve top US Reds ineluding Whittaker Chambers who in turn named Alger Hiss and eight other spies Their m~88ion largely successful included stealing Americas atomic secreta
DIrect CIA Ace to Raw Tnrnazationt ffH I
I
EI 888) The protection ofAD)erica atomic secreta was a counterintelligence concern mostly tor the Federat Bureau be Investigation (FBI) In contrast Ul~overing Soviet
bullatomic secrets should have been the main concern ot most of AmeriefLs intelligencef
community The United States euroommunication Intellipnce Board (USCIB) the COM1NT member of that community ho+ever seemect more occupied working communitywide COMINT policy and organizationaJ issues This eftorl included fiddling witb the OOMINT processing business In April for example USCIB gave the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (and other consumers) ~ater access to COMlNT activities authorizing them to reCeive raw translations and othJr unfinished products considered by them necessary ror
I
the (ulfillment oCtheir mission or1producing finished intelligence III FurthermoreOOVINT eonaumer organizations were alllO allowed to place incLHtrinated representative within COMINT producing sections2
(8888) RH Hi1lenkoetter Rear Admiral US Navy and Director or Central Intelligence (DCI) approached the Army Security Agency (ASA) early in 1948 requesting additional COMINT particularly +raw translations illIibullbull
I IEO 13526 section 14(c) Mr IIMI WMaltA 2
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURION Ie sleMbullbull
U~atrictecl aecua to the COMlm activities i neiIS was required ucordinr to Hillenkoetter beeautl it was of fundamental importance- tor C~A to not on]y have workinr accna both to th8 material and activitiea to determine the existence or Uillt inteUipnce but aleo that (ClA be aware of gape in collum coverage to ahift areater emphasis to other sources when requiredmiddot
88 888) HUienkoetter had worked out acceptable arraagementa With both ABA nd the Communication Support Annex Washington (CSAW) where the US Navy crYPtologic organilation Ira JOCftecl but the Army wanted USCIB to take oft-cw notice otthe solution Consequently the blue was on the apnda tor a USCIB meeting held in April A dDcutsion of termiDology started of he ialUe with US Army colonel
nnltfllrTilll1t the term over CIA choice
ultimately IICr- oll1nd hera aever rHCha en ollleiGc trallll ampDIl written up _
COMINT inlonuatiOIl H oadiDed iUllltratlv in the Procuatnl ai ASA IIMI comllllUtcl
tM II bad lI1l irIAllllltCl that 101Mti1M1 II little al 20 perctn of the oriSiDLI volume 01 illterpWei mawnalla fiaally pr-lICd H eaielhe woultl have 110objectionl toauppqilll tileCIA
widlaD7l1pKl(lC in raw form-fo _ in verilyiq puticulM-tr~WtUaaL1M
wboo_1t deliY~Q 01 rrut mau of Crwil COMINT malrialllO tb CIA by ASA wuJd lie
mlklal1y inmciaatlid _relr a 4iIOfllIiad aPPfOllCh to prvDlIIID that CIIIuJd be haacl1ed m _
_ tiafaetorilr by the ArmT furniellinl UlDllati_ to chi CIA He ald he btliev tJae CIA
reaD wanWid raw ~tioM aIMI that a IllilaGmer4
(B 888) Although all USCIB memberlagreecl with the change o(terminololY it was clear (rom the minutes that Chamberlin wal still not happy with CIAs increased acceu to ASAIJ material He laWIChed into a detailed lecture on the importance of protecting the security of COWINT expressing his concern that too many people are receiYing such information 1li1lank~tter replied that he agreed but that comparUon proble~ dealt with the imperative neCtisaryfor the ClA to get all available intelUpuce from alllOUrcn in order todischarge i~ statutory responsibilities Chamberlin said he woulclptl11IOnally UlUme the reaponsibilit1 to insure that CIA zeotived from the ID [Intelligence Division] all products of the Arny CI [communications intelligence] ystem which would be valuable to the CIA in prformance of its mission HiHenkoetter continued the ampparrilli
byobICrvlng that no one could uk for a finner guarantee than the one given by General I
Chamberlin At tro point Thomas B Inglis Rear Admiral US Navy and commander omoe 01 Naval InteJ1~ce COND took up the cudpl commenting that even ItO the exiatence of such a guarantee would not in pr~tice act to protect the person ruanmteed b_UMauch a guarantee would not be accepted by auperiorsmiddot a valid ncuse tor failuze to cUHharge one rl~nibilitiebull At thia point the State Department reprentativ) Mr Park Armstrong lUrid he aumed that theaa procedures applied 8S well to Sat8 All Imiddot
3 le In MlRaft
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 la lIlaE bull MIt CBYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
memben agreed While this policy applied to all COMlNT it was clearly directed at and had its largest i~cton Soviet COlllNT
amprly U3 CwaUzation BffortJl (U)
til 888) Surptisingly Soviet cryptographic practices played a rote in influencing the US pvernments early efrorta to centralize tbe processing ofCOMTNT In October 1948 a new Service Cryptologic Agency (SCA - later Service Cryptologic Element SCE) the United States Air Force Security Service (USAFSS) was established joining the ezisti~g dynamic duomiddot of ABA and CSAW From a Department of Defense perspective a new agency meant not only three SCAs to deal with but added costs Perhaps it would be less
expeMive the thinking went to create a unified or joint agency Some US policymaken theorised that a centralized cryptanalytic aUack on centrally controlled Soviet cryptoaystems might make mOre sense than the existing and expensive coordinakd but separate attaclts being mounted 4t the time by the Army and Navy with the Air Force in the eryptologic wings
This kind of thinking w~ bebiml the establishment of the IJO-Called Stone Board (named after AdmiJal Earl E Stoneits chairman) which met as directed by the seeretary of defente James V Forrtal initiaUy oD26 August 194amp publishing ita report in December 1948 Thia ted ultimately to the creation in 1949 of the Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA) the immediate precleeessor to tbe National Security Agency 1
fa ggg) USCIB continued in 1948 to oversee the day-toGay operations of the SCAs through tbe mechanism of the cOordinator of Joint Operations (CJO) the closest US position to a director NSA that existed belore 1952 The ehieC ot ASA and CSAW took turns each year wearing the secOnd hat as CJO attempting with limited success to coordinate the separate COMINT oPerations oreach SCA
lfI)Ieee) As in the three previous yean Sovwtmiddot communications of cryptanalytic intereat in 1948 were primarily uJ found on telegraph lines and HF radio (3-80 MHz) But change ~all in the airwaves Target communication modes remained mostly manual Morse ~ radioprinter Some radiotelephone traffic was found pririly in the HE range but V~F (30-300 MHz) communications were also intmrpted
bull ae8 AsignUicantly more important elCCeption to the general picture was the evershyinereaaing volume of commere~8IN unenciphered or plain language telcrams
i r
Ta 61bullbull MIftltL 4
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON TQp Iii ~N1t
ex~hanged by Siet industrial ministries research and deelopment (RampD) center and institutes and plantamp and factories Finally electronic intelligenc~ (KLINT) mottlyradars continued to be dealt with apart from COMINT by the military services The USAFs ferret program of aerial reconnaissance which focuaed bean1 on BUNT belan however to show an eer-increasing degree of collaboration with the SCAs fixed station COMINT operations
BOURBOHHWtlIflhta of lfH8 (U)
eN 88) Highlights in Allied collaboration included ajoint technical conference held in London in July 1948 largely to endorse an enhanced Anglo-American effort against SOviet There was BOl1RBON coUaboration with
(8 888) Human resources continued to be added in abu~dance to the Soviet problem in 1948 no matter how one counted The num~r of Americans and British subjects dedicated to BOTRBON rose 62 percent in a years time Moreover in the United State one thirdof aU SlGINTerS worked the Soviet problem (leaving 67 percent working on the reat of the world) with thepelcentage growing beeauee BOURBON got two thirds or all new hirea in 1948
tLMee) The two-thirds traction applied also amp0 the ratio of available US intercept positions tasked against the Soviet Union positions that were growing in number in field stations that were inereasin( both in number and geographic coverage AI result us collection of Soviet tarets rose during 1948 from roughly massages per month to about Ofeourse the British with their much larger more widespread colJection capability sUH copied mOlt of the Soviet traffic
Mr Herbett Cooley who had been on the stall of the Senior US Liaison OfFuer (SUSLO) London itt ui47 and was by late 1948 an ASA supervisor inlved in analysie and reporting of SoViet targets assesaed in December the strides made in eollection and forwarding FintlJ reported on recent ~tercept improvements
I Continued attnlpta to buLlci up intatOlp Nengtl had made itp08llllhle by the_er
of 1948 til begin intercept orRlISIrianoperational 01 lowleVeI Military and Military Air circuit in
thilara The inleneptancl analytJ ollUdllinb hu _1 increaaed during ~ fUC lew mondat
with 8D1phalia Wing accelerated III the Ruasiau have reduced tnulIDIinionbullbullbullbullbullbull I
Operatioaal air ina employinl radio-telephon bIIIDliaalonl h Iot been intercepud
~w[1 but eo~erofMona Iinb ieextnalve
Ef)uee8 Theft ~onley pointed out how forwarding to ASA of selected intercept had been made more timely by years end
At th presentJlate Arm1 SecuriC) Aleney Waahington is reeelvlni daily by teletype all air
arn and opentionaJ ir tra8ic intercepted at U8 afUON IUIIIi u Britieb 11_1
rORssnsr
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fir 11 tlMI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTtRLY
ill tba UK INormatioll GIl mo(RuMian pia_IllEwosN i6 avilable ill WNdlJfOIl withid
MW lIourar the fticht has bwnheduled9
Speculation about the reasons ranged from normal development in SOviet
I EO 13526 section 14( c)
cryptographic security (the early thinkinrgt to later leanings strongly toward espionage
with only backlop to ~Jean UP 11 5 cryptanalytic resource dropped $ percent by the end of the year
8t lraffic analysis of Soviet eommunications reached maturity Again Conley speaking only for ABA said it well
IEO 13526 section 14( c)
bull8 8S8) Soviet plain-language proeessini in 1948 rose like a phoenix out of the asbes bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull The nWor 1947 problem of a shortfall in Russian linguists was on the road to being recli1ied td 1948 The RUlIsian languge work force inmiddotASA and eSAW increased 131 percent overtiking the number of trmc and falling only bullbullbullbull people abort of the cryptanalytic work foree Two plain-language IMsaps were revie~lldduring the ~_r and ABA alone (llUJre than
_ every working day) based on plain-language material Limited statistics were avanable for CSA W but ita linguists inmiddot March 1948 scanned over plain-language ttltsagel and transla~lIIIofthemu
6
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOUIUSON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot pound6 ggg) GCHQ also quickly recognized the potential significance of Soviet plain
language material pointing out in its April proposal for an eICJ~cied USA) that the
Eli (89) AHiedcryptololPs published thousands of C01((NT reports in 1948 These reports mi~ed teehnieal items sucD as lisu with inteIJigEmce intormation bulletins in the same serialization systems making little distinetion between them except for limiting some technical reports to producer egeneies presumably on the basis orcustomer interest The consumer agency seemed to be able to
et all the technical details it wanted More important contemporary distlnctions were made between the processing sources iegt cryptanalysis traffic analysis or plain language
~ Conley in his December memoranduM also addressed how timely ASA reporting on Soviet aircraft mevementswas ~ming l
Material ffOj piaU text meeaampell ia i~attcl both al 9 ASA KlttOpe and at liSA WMbington 10 bat compolite inforlNuolI i
aYlliiable to intelligence COIIIQftIeBwithin I minimum oUime ASA Europe ia prlllenlb iaalling to
DEVELOPMENTS IN ALLIEDCOLLABOftATION (U)I I
U8 - lJritUIt LitJlaJn (U) I
(80eeet SUSLO London had loog wresUed with the problem or sbipping copies of Brit-ish-intercepted Soviet traffic back to Washington having had to depend Cor the 1DOS~ )artonBritish transportation assets sinee BOURBON was implemented1I1 Therefore it wtlt
witlt great pride deilared a major userB ampee)mpli6hment when in January 1948 there was finally established a US-controlled air courier aervice for the transportatiOn of raw kame from London to Washington On 20 January 1948 the fUSt batch ofraw trafYic was delivered at the Arican embalsy JA)ndon by SUSLO for shipment to the United
Stateu I ~ There was no doubt that cryptologie liaison between America and the British
in 1948 waarequire4 US Navy captain Joseph N WengerchieCofthe Navyscryptologic organisation wearj~1 his CJO bat confirmed in february in a statement oC collection requirements that t~ collaboration withGCHQ remained bighly desirable He then cited al justiflcation forthe continued collaboration the fact that the British and their
~_~ cbannels were used for example for the expression or Americanshyintercept tasking In May 1948 GCHQ was informed through
7
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 riP IIIAI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section l4(c)
fSa88) The centerp~ for American and British eryptologie liaison in 194$ WIllI the cond BRUSA Technical Conference held from 15 to 26 Ju1y The first confereace had
bien convened in the spring of 1946 shortly afec the 8RUSA Agreement was signed OCHQ called for the seconcl conference to review and make changes to the appendices produced during the first conference ASA was eager for a conference to plan for el12ugncy relocation of its stations in Europe CSAW on the other hand Fielded roluctantry to the urginga of the CJO Colonel Hayes who had replaced Captain Wenger amp1 CJO in April 1948 The conlerence agenda was to be restricted to five general topics $ilCUrity and pioceB8inC intereept~ eommunieations traffic analysis and standardization
(8 iii) Ofte topic however got very S-peeiflC 118 applied to the Soviet problem Plain
languare loomed Jarge for eryptolollic managers responsible for the Soviet target Conaequent)y Appendix B or the aRUSA Agreement was revis~d 80 that the security and dissemination regulations now also applied to Soviet radiotelephone I-E-O-]-3-5-2-6--se-c-t-io-n-l--4(-c-)- itltelIigenee andthe grading ofplaintext messages Furthermore a new Appendix K was formulated to embody the results or a complete survey of the Soviet plain te)[t and radioshyIephone targetal There was considerable correspondence between GCHQ and America conctrnin the exchange of Russian plain language traffic in 1948 (about whieb more later) During preparations for the London Conference US Army lieutenant Fred 8richt emphaeized to Waabington that he as a liaison officer needed to understand dearly what was happening in the rleld of Russian plain-Ianguage processing22
(amp 888 Although American cryptanalysts had worked together with British cryptanalyst in GCHQ spaces since 1945 in December 1948 the rUst forma))) integrated workin pady was formed at GCHQwhen three Americans arrived in London to join the Meteorological Party It integrated US and GCHQ experts in cryptanalysis traftic palysis and reporilng as an element in one of GCHQs departments controlled by the director OCHQ The MET I as it was minimized duplication ot effort and increased the identifiltl8tion the understanclinc of
Combined p8-rti8S-_______--- za I EO 13526 section 14(c)
l8P iiiAil YMIM 8
1
DOCID 3216~25 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14c) I GeO) In early 1948 British intemgenee authorities proposed collaboration with the United StAtes in electronic intelligence (iUNTJ or as it was then called el4lCb-onie reconnaislUce In the UK EWIT was upervised by the COKINT Board otthe LSIB In America however the military services contloIJed UNT with USCIB playing no part Nevertheless Captain Wenger in his last month the USClBs CJO was the recipient of th4I British request for collaboration in LINT Wenger called a meeting of all rv~ representatives to addre the iaaue Ultimatety the director of Intelligence USAF propoeed that the commanding pneral usAF Europe and the Us commander in ebief Mediterranean Fleet be allowed a imited ~ controlIeci exchange or raw informa~n (not analysis) with the British Alia recommended was that the overall joint superviion of the exchange be veampted in the Joint Chiel of Staff bull Prbullbullumably thbullbullbull rlCOmmendations were agreed to and for the time being USClB evidently played no turtherpartin Us ZUNT
(8eetO The good news for future writers and readers or cryptologic history wa founcl in a JLG announcement or 15 October that the secret title London Signal Intelligence
Centre (LSle) would be abolihed on 1 November 1948 with instructions that only GCHQ hould be used for an purpose there~rIII I
-1E---O--13-5--2--6-s-ec-t-io-n-l-4--(c-)-I
Continuatia1 of U
9 TQP ~A[1 UIRA
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLYPM 1 NI
liniater nRaeuoll they could IIOt raU to obaarve that tile partnenhip rel8mbled the eltluality ofthe
lIorbullbullncl-rebbi -oll4l rtooDeritS1 I-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-tl-middoto-n-l--4(-c-)---
(8Ie885 USCIB was also concerned with the increased risks to COMlNT security that went along with widning the base about COM(NT activities and was disturbed by implications of that there was a weakness somewhere in the existing chain of COMINT eCurityJOII2 No agreement was reached but negotiations would continue Formal letters between and Washington were exchanged throughout the fall and winter of 1948 slowly narrowin the differences between the two parties
(i ampQ~ Meanwhile working level liaison continued By 1948 USN lieutenant Max Gunn of CSAW to coordinate teehnical matters between Washingtcm and the pertaining to the eatablishmentand tOnstruction of radio intercept stations sa r-I-E-O--135-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
(10888) USCIB kept GCHQ informed a8 to the nature of materials being sent to bullbullbull For example UseIB provided GCHQ with a list of materils sent
other
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(fi amp8amp) The UJited State~ Com~unicati()na (ntel1ig~nee Coordinating Committee (Uscrcc) composed of senior cqptologic ofticials end subordinate to USCIBmiddot had been disinclined to aatisfy the British request without further explanation concerning
But Washington eventually acceded to Londons wilhes permitting
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
l8P 1Ii1T MBItA 10
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON fIItlMI_I EO13526 section 14(c)(d)
PERSONNEL RESOfRCES (U)
8888 Aa it would not be too mueh oran exalPra~on to state metaphorically that in 1947 Americana were thrown at the Soviet problem thus it i fair to add figuratively that in 1948 Americana were poured into the Soviet problem ASA cryptologic processinc manpower (ie not countinc collection personnel) dedicated to the Soviet tlrpt grew by 48 per~nt in 1948 COunterpart Navy personnel inereased a whopping 73 percent for an overall American rise lof 59 percent in 1948 This rate 01 increase was double the 1947 rate bull
I (E888) Available statistics or the total of ASA end CSAW personnel (ie including
personnel working n~n-Soviet targets) show that penonnei dedieated to the Soviet I
problem accounted or 27 percent in 1947 and 34 percent in 1948 atbe tota population at th two Washington cbMiNI centers As the fonowing chart shows too two thirds of all the Dew hires in 1948 ~re apparently assigned to the Soviet problem
I I
ASA Soviet C8AWsectovi~ Tpt1 Soviet TNtASAJ(jSAWPopulation
December 1947 434 241 675 December 1948 428 1078bull
ampee~ A careful review of the 8tatisti~ will show that wbile there were 1073 Americans8flsigned tothe Soviet prQblem in December 1948Qnly 657 were cryptanalysta
1) iibullbull UlRic
The~ picture revealed that eight
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbull 1111iiI WMlRA CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERLY
traffic analysts or language analysts It
turns out that the other 428 people were in support (unctions such as administration traftic preprocessing maintenance and clerical Another 171 (or 40 percent) were in the training pipeline a tail that did not appear identiliable in the montJaly statiaticsuntil February 1948
(eoee The Britiehwith still fewer people to throw at (or pour into) the Soviet problem Ulan the Americans nonetheless increased their ante too The substantia growth rate oC59 percentin American etyptologic processing personnel was combined with 8 more impressive 71 percent rise in British cryptologiats dtdicated to processing the Soviet targe~ This gave an Anglo-Ameriean annual increase or 62 percent doubling the previous yeatl rate and cOn~g the amuing groWth (in the race o( general reduction or defenle forces oCboth countries) as the following ~hart shows
us
ocmberlH7
DeoonIber 1948
- A breakdown of these statistiand linguists will be presented
whe
addreued
COLLECTION (U)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
cs into the number ofcryp~naJyata traffic aDalystl n the contributions bytheBe individual skills are
IKO 13526 section 14(c)
(8 amp99) By April 1948 the United States had thirty-six Ar~vy field stAtiona located both stateside and overseas Britain operated __ and the
Lesa than a year later in January 1949 because oCvarious closings and the number of British operated sites had dropped by one to _
The US number was thirty-five - including one USAF aite (USA-45) (or (erret CoNMning ferret flights in 194amp a stripped down USAF 8-29 ferret reportedly
overflew Soviet Siberia on an lmost twenty-ho~-lonl reconnaissance mission from Alaska to Japan on 5 AU8Ust oni 8 AulUst the same aircraft reversed the rught path returnine to Alaska These two missions were repeated on 1 and 6 Septembermiddot
I I f I
TtUkintI and CoUection Reeei~ (UJI
(8888) A gJimpaeofUS intercept tasking for 1-15 October 1948 shows that ofWbull
documented US eollection positio~ 548 (or 67 percent) were tasked against Soviet Morse and radioprinter targets intercept positions were so tasked with
Jevied
(i ggO~ To show once again how statistics can be misleading however apparently not all or those tasked potitions w~re manned More elaborate statistics for Januuy 1949
18fiiG U
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURION Ie sleMbullbull
U~atrictecl aecua to the COMlm activities i neiIS was required ucordinr to Hillenkoetter beeautl it was of fundamental importance- tor C~A to not on]y have workinr accna both to th8 material and activitiea to determine the existence or Uillt inteUipnce but aleo that (ClA be aware of gape in collum coverage to ahift areater emphasis to other sources when requiredmiddot
88 888) HUienkoetter had worked out acceptable arraagementa With both ABA nd the Communication Support Annex Washington (CSAW) where the US Navy crYPtologic organilation Ira JOCftecl but the Army wanted USCIB to take oft-cw notice otthe solution Consequently the blue was on the apnda tor a USCIB meeting held in April A dDcutsion of termiDology started of he ialUe with US Army colonel
nnltfllrTilll1t the term over CIA choice
ultimately IICr- oll1nd hera aever rHCha en ollleiGc trallll ampDIl written up _
COMINT inlonuatiOIl H oadiDed iUllltratlv in the Procuatnl ai ASA IIMI comllllUtcl
tM II bad lI1l irIAllllltCl that 101Mti1M1 II little al 20 perctn of the oriSiDLI volume 01 illterpWei mawnalla fiaally pr-lICd H eaielhe woultl have 110objectionl toauppqilll tileCIA
widlaD7l1pKl(lC in raw form-fo _ in verilyiq puticulM-tr~WtUaaL1M
wboo_1t deliY~Q 01 rrut mau of Crwil COMINT malrialllO tb CIA by ASA wuJd lie
mlklal1y inmciaatlid _relr a 4iIOfllIiad aPPfOllCh to prvDlIIID that CIIIuJd be haacl1ed m _
_ tiafaetorilr by the ArmT furniellinl UlDllati_ to chi CIA He ald he btliev tJae CIA
reaD wanWid raw ~tioM aIMI that a IllilaGmer4
(B 888) Although all USCIB memberlagreecl with the change o(terminololY it was clear (rom the minutes that Chamberlin wal still not happy with CIAs increased acceu to ASAIJ material He laWIChed into a detailed lecture on the importance of protecting the security of COWINT expressing his concern that too many people are receiYing such information 1li1lank~tter replied that he agreed but that comparUon proble~ dealt with the imperative neCtisaryfor the ClA to get all available intelUpuce from alllOUrcn in order todischarge i~ statutory responsibilities Chamberlin said he woulclptl11IOnally UlUme the reaponsibilit1 to insure that CIA zeotived from the ID [Intelligence Division] all products of the Arny CI [communications intelligence] ystem which would be valuable to the CIA in prformance of its mission HiHenkoetter continued the ampparrilli
byobICrvlng that no one could uk for a finner guarantee than the one given by General I
Chamberlin At tro point Thomas B Inglis Rear Admiral US Navy and commander omoe 01 Naval InteJ1~ce COND took up the cudpl commenting that even ItO the exiatence of such a guarantee would not in pr~tice act to protect the person ruanmteed b_UMauch a guarantee would not be accepted by auperiorsmiddot a valid ncuse tor failuze to cUHharge one rl~nibilitiebull At thia point the State Department reprentativ) Mr Park Armstrong lUrid he aumed that theaa procedures applied 8S well to Sat8 All Imiddot
3 le In MlRaft
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 la lIlaE bull MIt CBYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
memben agreed While this policy applied to all COMlNT it was clearly directed at and had its largest i~cton Soviet COlllNT
amprly U3 CwaUzation BffortJl (U)
til 888) Surptisingly Soviet cryptographic practices played a rote in influencing the US pvernments early efrorta to centralize tbe processing ofCOMTNT In October 1948 a new Service Cryptologic Agency (SCA - later Service Cryptologic Element SCE) the United States Air Force Security Service (USAFSS) was established joining the ezisti~g dynamic duomiddot of ABA and CSAW From a Department of Defense perspective a new agency meant not only three SCAs to deal with but added costs Perhaps it would be less
expeMive the thinking went to create a unified or joint agency Some US policymaken theorised that a centralized cryptanalytic aUack on centrally controlled Soviet cryptoaystems might make mOre sense than the existing and expensive coordinakd but separate attaclts being mounted 4t the time by the Army and Navy with the Air Force in the eryptologic wings
This kind of thinking w~ bebiml the establishment of the IJO-Called Stone Board (named after AdmiJal Earl E Stoneits chairman) which met as directed by the seeretary of defente James V Forrtal initiaUy oD26 August 194amp publishing ita report in December 1948 Thia ted ultimately to the creation in 1949 of the Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA) the immediate precleeessor to tbe National Security Agency 1
fa ggg) USCIB continued in 1948 to oversee the day-toGay operations of the SCAs through tbe mechanism of the cOordinator of Joint Operations (CJO) the closest US position to a director NSA that existed belore 1952 The ehieC ot ASA and CSAW took turns each year wearing the secOnd hat as CJO attempting with limited success to coordinate the separate COMINT oPerations oreach SCA
lfI)Ieee) As in the three previous yean Sovwtmiddot communications of cryptanalytic intereat in 1948 were primarily uJ found on telegraph lines and HF radio (3-80 MHz) But change ~all in the airwaves Target communication modes remained mostly manual Morse ~ radioprinter Some radiotelephone traffic was found pririly in the HE range but V~F (30-300 MHz) communications were also intmrpted
bull ae8 AsignUicantly more important elCCeption to the general picture was the evershyinereaaing volume of commere~8IN unenciphered or plain language telcrams
i r
Ta 61bullbull MIftltL 4
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON TQp Iii ~N1t
ex~hanged by Siet industrial ministries research and deelopment (RampD) center and institutes and plantamp and factories Finally electronic intelligenc~ (KLINT) mottlyradars continued to be dealt with apart from COMINT by the military services The USAFs ferret program of aerial reconnaissance which focuaed bean1 on BUNT belan however to show an eer-increasing degree of collaboration with the SCAs fixed station COMINT operations
BOURBOHHWtlIflhta of lfH8 (U)
eN 88) Highlights in Allied collaboration included ajoint technical conference held in London in July 1948 largely to endorse an enhanced Anglo-American effort against SOviet There was BOl1RBON coUaboration with
(8 888) Human resources continued to be added in abu~dance to the Soviet problem in 1948 no matter how one counted The num~r of Americans and British subjects dedicated to BOTRBON rose 62 percent in a years time Moreover in the United State one thirdof aU SlGINTerS worked the Soviet problem (leaving 67 percent working on the reat of the world) with thepelcentage growing beeauee BOURBON got two thirds or all new hirea in 1948
tLMee) The two-thirds traction applied also amp0 the ratio of available US intercept positions tasked against the Soviet Union positions that were growing in number in field stations that were inereasin( both in number and geographic coverage AI result us collection of Soviet tarets rose during 1948 from roughly massages per month to about Ofeourse the British with their much larger more widespread colJection capability sUH copied mOlt of the Soviet traffic
Mr Herbett Cooley who had been on the stall of the Senior US Liaison OfFuer (SUSLO) London itt ui47 and was by late 1948 an ASA supervisor inlved in analysie and reporting of SoViet targets assesaed in December the strides made in eollection and forwarding FintlJ reported on recent ~tercept improvements
I Continued attnlpta to buLlci up intatOlp Nengtl had made itp08llllhle by the_er
of 1948 til begin intercept orRlISIrianoperational 01 lowleVeI Military and Military Air circuit in
thilara The inleneptancl analytJ ollUdllinb hu _1 increaaed during ~ fUC lew mondat
with 8D1phalia Wing accelerated III the Ruasiau have reduced tnulIDIinionbullbullbullbullbullbull I
Operatioaal air ina employinl radio-telephon bIIIDliaalonl h Iot been intercepud
~w[1 but eo~erofMona Iinb ieextnalve
Ef)uee8 Theft ~onley pointed out how forwarding to ASA of selected intercept had been made more timely by years end
At th presentJlate Arm1 SecuriC) Aleney Waahington is reeelvlni daily by teletype all air
arn and opentionaJ ir tra8ic intercepted at U8 afUON IUIIIi u Britieb 11_1
rORssnsr
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fir 11 tlMI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTtRLY
ill tba UK INormatioll GIl mo(RuMian pia_IllEwosN i6 avilable ill WNdlJfOIl withid
MW lIourar the fticht has bwnheduled9
Speculation about the reasons ranged from normal development in SOviet
I EO 13526 section 14( c)
cryptographic security (the early thinkinrgt to later leanings strongly toward espionage
with only backlop to ~Jean UP 11 5 cryptanalytic resource dropped $ percent by the end of the year
8t lraffic analysis of Soviet eommunications reached maturity Again Conley speaking only for ABA said it well
IEO 13526 section 14( c)
bull8 8S8) Soviet plain-language proeessini in 1948 rose like a phoenix out of the asbes bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull The nWor 1947 problem of a shortfall in Russian linguists was on the road to being recli1ied td 1948 The RUlIsian languge work force inmiddotASA and eSAW increased 131 percent overtiking the number of trmc and falling only bullbullbullbull people abort of the cryptanalytic work foree Two plain-language IMsaps were revie~lldduring the ~_r and ABA alone (llUJre than
_ every working day) based on plain-language material Limited statistics were avanable for CSA W but ita linguists inmiddot March 1948 scanned over plain-language ttltsagel and transla~lIIIofthemu
6
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOUIUSON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot pound6 ggg) GCHQ also quickly recognized the potential significance of Soviet plain
language material pointing out in its April proposal for an eICJ~cied USA) that the
Eli (89) AHiedcryptololPs published thousands of C01((NT reports in 1948 These reports mi~ed teehnieal items sucD as lisu with inteIJigEmce intormation bulletins in the same serialization systems making little distinetion between them except for limiting some technical reports to producer egeneies presumably on the basis orcustomer interest The consumer agency seemed to be able to
et all the technical details it wanted More important contemporary distlnctions were made between the processing sources iegt cryptanalysis traffic analysis or plain language
~ Conley in his December memoranduM also addressed how timely ASA reporting on Soviet aircraft mevementswas ~ming l
Material ffOj piaU text meeaampell ia i~attcl both al 9 ASA KlttOpe and at liSA WMbington 10 bat compolite inforlNuolI i
aYlliiable to intelligence COIIIQftIeBwithin I minimum oUime ASA Europe ia prlllenlb iaalling to
DEVELOPMENTS IN ALLIEDCOLLABOftATION (U)I I
U8 - lJritUIt LitJlaJn (U) I
(80eeet SUSLO London had loog wresUed with the problem or sbipping copies of Brit-ish-intercepted Soviet traffic back to Washington having had to depend Cor the 1DOS~ )artonBritish transportation assets sinee BOURBON was implemented1I1 Therefore it wtlt
witlt great pride deilared a major userB ampee)mpli6hment when in January 1948 there was finally established a US-controlled air courier aervice for the transportatiOn of raw kame from London to Washington On 20 January 1948 the fUSt batch ofraw trafYic was delivered at the Arican embalsy JA)ndon by SUSLO for shipment to the United
Stateu I ~ There was no doubt that cryptologie liaison between America and the British
in 1948 waarequire4 US Navy captain Joseph N WengerchieCofthe Navyscryptologic organisation wearj~1 his CJO bat confirmed in february in a statement oC collection requirements that t~ collaboration withGCHQ remained bighly desirable He then cited al justiflcation forthe continued collaboration the fact that the British and their
~_~ cbannels were used for example for the expression or Americanshyintercept tasking In May 1948 GCHQ was informed through
7
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 riP IIIAI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section l4(c)
fSa88) The centerp~ for American and British eryptologie liaison in 194$ WIllI the cond BRUSA Technical Conference held from 15 to 26 Ju1y The first confereace had
bien convened in the spring of 1946 shortly afec the 8RUSA Agreement was signed OCHQ called for the seconcl conference to review and make changes to the appendices produced during the first conference ASA was eager for a conference to plan for el12ugncy relocation of its stations in Europe CSAW on the other hand Fielded roluctantry to the urginga of the CJO Colonel Hayes who had replaced Captain Wenger amp1 CJO in April 1948 The conlerence agenda was to be restricted to five general topics $ilCUrity and pioceB8inC intereept~ eommunieations traffic analysis and standardization
(8 iii) Ofte topic however got very S-peeiflC 118 applied to the Soviet problem Plain
languare loomed Jarge for eryptolollic managers responsible for the Soviet target Conaequent)y Appendix B or the aRUSA Agreement was revis~d 80 that the security and dissemination regulations now also applied to Soviet radiotelephone I-E-O-]-3-5-2-6--se-c-t-io-n-l--4(-c-)- itltelIigenee andthe grading ofplaintext messages Furthermore a new Appendix K was formulated to embody the results or a complete survey of the Soviet plain te)[t and radioshyIephone targetal There was considerable correspondence between GCHQ and America conctrnin the exchange of Russian plain language traffic in 1948 (about whieb more later) During preparations for the London Conference US Army lieutenant Fred 8richt emphaeized to Waabington that he as a liaison officer needed to understand dearly what was happening in the rleld of Russian plain-Ianguage processing22
(amp 888 Although American cryptanalysts had worked together with British cryptanalyst in GCHQ spaces since 1945 in December 1948 the rUst forma))) integrated workin pady was formed at GCHQwhen three Americans arrived in London to join the Meteorological Party It integrated US and GCHQ experts in cryptanalysis traftic palysis and reporilng as an element in one of GCHQs departments controlled by the director OCHQ The MET I as it was minimized duplication ot effort and increased the identifiltl8tion the understanclinc of
Combined p8-rti8S-_______--- za I EO 13526 section 14(c)
l8P iiiAil YMIM 8
1
DOCID 3216~25 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14c) I GeO) In early 1948 British intemgenee authorities proposed collaboration with the United StAtes in electronic intelligence (iUNTJ or as it was then called el4lCb-onie reconnaislUce In the UK EWIT was upervised by the COKINT Board otthe LSIB In America however the military services contloIJed UNT with USCIB playing no part Nevertheless Captain Wenger in his last month the USClBs CJO was the recipient of th4I British request for collaboration in LINT Wenger called a meeting of all rv~ representatives to addre the iaaue Ultimatety the director of Intelligence USAF propoeed that the commanding pneral usAF Europe and the Us commander in ebief Mediterranean Fleet be allowed a imited ~ controlIeci exchange or raw informa~n (not analysis) with the British Alia recommended was that the overall joint superviion of the exchange be veampted in the Joint Chiel of Staff bull Prbullbullumably thbullbullbull rlCOmmendations were agreed to and for the time being USClB evidently played no turtherpartin Us ZUNT
(8eetO The good news for future writers and readers or cryptologic history wa founcl in a JLG announcement or 15 October that the secret title London Signal Intelligence
Centre (LSle) would be abolihed on 1 November 1948 with instructions that only GCHQ hould be used for an purpose there~rIII I
-1E---O--13-5--2--6-s-ec-t-io-n-l-4--(c-)-I
Continuatia1 of U
9 TQP ~A[1 UIRA
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLYPM 1 NI
liniater nRaeuoll they could IIOt raU to obaarve that tile partnenhip rel8mbled the eltluality ofthe
lIorbullbullncl-rebbi -oll4l rtooDeritS1 I-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-tl-middoto-n-l--4(-c-)---
(8Ie885 USCIB was also concerned with the increased risks to COMlNT security that went along with widning the base about COM(NT activities and was disturbed by implications of that there was a weakness somewhere in the existing chain of COMINT eCurityJOII2 No agreement was reached but negotiations would continue Formal letters between and Washington were exchanged throughout the fall and winter of 1948 slowly narrowin the differences between the two parties
(i ampQ~ Meanwhile working level liaison continued By 1948 USN lieutenant Max Gunn of CSAW to coordinate teehnical matters between Washingtcm and the pertaining to the eatablishmentand tOnstruction of radio intercept stations sa r-I-E-O--135-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
(10888) USCIB kept GCHQ informed a8 to the nature of materials being sent to bullbullbull For example UseIB provided GCHQ with a list of materils sent
other
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(fi amp8amp) The UJited State~ Com~unicati()na (ntel1ig~nee Coordinating Committee (Uscrcc) composed of senior cqptologic ofticials end subordinate to USCIBmiddot had been disinclined to aatisfy the British request without further explanation concerning
But Washington eventually acceded to Londons wilhes permitting
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
l8P 1Ii1T MBItA 10
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON fIItlMI_I EO13526 section 14(c)(d)
PERSONNEL RESOfRCES (U)
8888 Aa it would not be too mueh oran exalPra~on to state metaphorically that in 1947 Americana were thrown at the Soviet problem thus it i fair to add figuratively that in 1948 Americana were poured into the Soviet problem ASA cryptologic processinc manpower (ie not countinc collection personnel) dedicated to the Soviet tlrpt grew by 48 per~nt in 1948 COunterpart Navy personnel inereased a whopping 73 percent for an overall American rise lof 59 percent in 1948 This rate 01 increase was double the 1947 rate bull
I (E888) Available statistics or the total of ASA end CSAW personnel (ie including
personnel working n~n-Soviet targets) show that penonnei dedieated to the Soviet I
problem accounted or 27 percent in 1947 and 34 percent in 1948 atbe tota population at th two Washington cbMiNI centers As the fonowing chart shows too two thirds of all the Dew hires in 1948 ~re apparently assigned to the Soviet problem
I I
ASA Soviet C8AWsectovi~ Tpt1 Soviet TNtASAJ(jSAWPopulation
December 1947 434 241 675 December 1948 428 1078bull
ampee~ A careful review of the 8tatisti~ will show that wbile there were 1073 Americans8flsigned tothe Soviet prQblem in December 1948Qnly 657 were cryptanalysta
1) iibullbull UlRic
The~ picture revealed that eight
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbull 1111iiI WMlRA CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERLY
traffic analysts or language analysts It
turns out that the other 428 people were in support (unctions such as administration traftic preprocessing maintenance and clerical Another 171 (or 40 percent) were in the training pipeline a tail that did not appear identiliable in the montJaly statiaticsuntil February 1948
(eoee The Britiehwith still fewer people to throw at (or pour into) the Soviet problem Ulan the Americans nonetheless increased their ante too The substantia growth rate oC59 percentin American etyptologic processing personnel was combined with 8 more impressive 71 percent rise in British cryptologiats dtdicated to processing the Soviet targe~ This gave an Anglo-Ameriean annual increase or 62 percent doubling the previous yeatl rate and cOn~g the amuing groWth (in the race o( general reduction or defenle forces oCboth countries) as the following ~hart shows
us
ocmberlH7
DeoonIber 1948
- A breakdown of these statistiand linguists will be presented
whe
addreued
COLLECTION (U)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
cs into the number ofcryp~naJyata traffic aDalystl n the contributions bytheBe individual skills are
IKO 13526 section 14(c)
(8 amp99) By April 1948 the United States had thirty-six Ar~vy field stAtiona located both stateside and overseas Britain operated __ and the
Lesa than a year later in January 1949 because oCvarious closings and the number of British operated sites had dropped by one to _
The US number was thirty-five - including one USAF aite (USA-45) (or (erret CoNMning ferret flights in 194amp a stripped down USAF 8-29 ferret reportedly
overflew Soviet Siberia on an lmost twenty-ho~-lonl reconnaissance mission from Alaska to Japan on 5 AU8Ust oni 8 AulUst the same aircraft reversed the rught path returnine to Alaska These two missions were repeated on 1 and 6 Septembermiddot
I I f I
TtUkintI and CoUection Reeei~ (UJI
(8888) A gJimpaeofUS intercept tasking for 1-15 October 1948 shows that ofWbull
documented US eollection positio~ 548 (or 67 percent) were tasked against Soviet Morse and radioprinter targets intercept positions were so tasked with
Jevied
(i ggO~ To show once again how statistics can be misleading however apparently not all or those tasked potitions w~re manned More elaborate statistics for Januuy 1949
18fiiG U
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 la lIlaE bull MIt CBYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
memben agreed While this policy applied to all COMlNT it was clearly directed at and had its largest i~cton Soviet COlllNT
amprly U3 CwaUzation BffortJl (U)
til 888) Surptisingly Soviet cryptographic practices played a rote in influencing the US pvernments early efrorta to centralize tbe processing ofCOMTNT In October 1948 a new Service Cryptologic Agency (SCA - later Service Cryptologic Element SCE) the United States Air Force Security Service (USAFSS) was established joining the ezisti~g dynamic duomiddot of ABA and CSAW From a Department of Defense perspective a new agency meant not only three SCAs to deal with but added costs Perhaps it would be less
expeMive the thinking went to create a unified or joint agency Some US policymaken theorised that a centralized cryptanalytic aUack on centrally controlled Soviet cryptoaystems might make mOre sense than the existing and expensive coordinakd but separate attaclts being mounted 4t the time by the Army and Navy with the Air Force in the eryptologic wings
This kind of thinking w~ bebiml the establishment of the IJO-Called Stone Board (named after AdmiJal Earl E Stoneits chairman) which met as directed by the seeretary of defente James V Forrtal initiaUy oD26 August 194amp publishing ita report in December 1948 Thia ted ultimately to the creation in 1949 of the Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA) the immediate precleeessor to tbe National Security Agency 1
fa ggg) USCIB continued in 1948 to oversee the day-toGay operations of the SCAs through tbe mechanism of the cOordinator of Joint Operations (CJO) the closest US position to a director NSA that existed belore 1952 The ehieC ot ASA and CSAW took turns each year wearing the secOnd hat as CJO attempting with limited success to coordinate the separate COMINT oPerations oreach SCA
lfI)Ieee) As in the three previous yean Sovwtmiddot communications of cryptanalytic intereat in 1948 were primarily uJ found on telegraph lines and HF radio (3-80 MHz) But change ~all in the airwaves Target communication modes remained mostly manual Morse ~ radioprinter Some radiotelephone traffic was found pririly in the HE range but V~F (30-300 MHz) communications were also intmrpted
bull ae8 AsignUicantly more important elCCeption to the general picture was the evershyinereaaing volume of commere~8IN unenciphered or plain language telcrams
i r
Ta 61bullbull MIftltL 4
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON TQp Iii ~N1t
ex~hanged by Siet industrial ministries research and deelopment (RampD) center and institutes and plantamp and factories Finally electronic intelligenc~ (KLINT) mottlyradars continued to be dealt with apart from COMINT by the military services The USAFs ferret program of aerial reconnaissance which focuaed bean1 on BUNT belan however to show an eer-increasing degree of collaboration with the SCAs fixed station COMINT operations
BOURBOHHWtlIflhta of lfH8 (U)
eN 88) Highlights in Allied collaboration included ajoint technical conference held in London in July 1948 largely to endorse an enhanced Anglo-American effort against SOviet There was BOl1RBON coUaboration with
(8 888) Human resources continued to be added in abu~dance to the Soviet problem in 1948 no matter how one counted The num~r of Americans and British subjects dedicated to BOTRBON rose 62 percent in a years time Moreover in the United State one thirdof aU SlGINTerS worked the Soviet problem (leaving 67 percent working on the reat of the world) with thepelcentage growing beeauee BOURBON got two thirds or all new hirea in 1948
tLMee) The two-thirds traction applied also amp0 the ratio of available US intercept positions tasked against the Soviet Union positions that were growing in number in field stations that were inereasin( both in number and geographic coverage AI result us collection of Soviet tarets rose during 1948 from roughly massages per month to about Ofeourse the British with their much larger more widespread colJection capability sUH copied mOlt of the Soviet traffic
Mr Herbett Cooley who had been on the stall of the Senior US Liaison OfFuer (SUSLO) London itt ui47 and was by late 1948 an ASA supervisor inlved in analysie and reporting of SoViet targets assesaed in December the strides made in eollection and forwarding FintlJ reported on recent ~tercept improvements
I Continued attnlpta to buLlci up intatOlp Nengtl had made itp08llllhle by the_er
of 1948 til begin intercept orRlISIrianoperational 01 lowleVeI Military and Military Air circuit in
thilara The inleneptancl analytJ ollUdllinb hu _1 increaaed during ~ fUC lew mondat
with 8D1phalia Wing accelerated III the Ruasiau have reduced tnulIDIinionbullbullbullbullbullbull I
Operatioaal air ina employinl radio-telephon bIIIDliaalonl h Iot been intercepud
~w[1 but eo~erofMona Iinb ieextnalve
Ef)uee8 Theft ~onley pointed out how forwarding to ASA of selected intercept had been made more timely by years end
At th presentJlate Arm1 SecuriC) Aleney Waahington is reeelvlni daily by teletype all air
arn and opentionaJ ir tra8ic intercepted at U8 afUON IUIIIi u Britieb 11_1
rORssnsr
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fir 11 tlMI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTtRLY
ill tba UK INormatioll GIl mo(RuMian pia_IllEwosN i6 avilable ill WNdlJfOIl withid
MW lIourar the fticht has bwnheduled9
Speculation about the reasons ranged from normal development in SOviet
I EO 13526 section 14( c)
cryptographic security (the early thinkinrgt to later leanings strongly toward espionage
with only backlop to ~Jean UP 11 5 cryptanalytic resource dropped $ percent by the end of the year
8t lraffic analysis of Soviet eommunications reached maturity Again Conley speaking only for ABA said it well
IEO 13526 section 14( c)
bull8 8S8) Soviet plain-language proeessini in 1948 rose like a phoenix out of the asbes bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull The nWor 1947 problem of a shortfall in Russian linguists was on the road to being recli1ied td 1948 The RUlIsian languge work force inmiddotASA and eSAW increased 131 percent overtiking the number of trmc and falling only bullbullbullbull people abort of the cryptanalytic work foree Two plain-language IMsaps were revie~lldduring the ~_r and ABA alone (llUJre than
_ every working day) based on plain-language material Limited statistics were avanable for CSA W but ita linguists inmiddot March 1948 scanned over plain-language ttltsagel and transla~lIIIofthemu
6
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOUIUSON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot pound6 ggg) GCHQ also quickly recognized the potential significance of Soviet plain
language material pointing out in its April proposal for an eICJ~cied USA) that the
Eli (89) AHiedcryptololPs published thousands of C01((NT reports in 1948 These reports mi~ed teehnieal items sucD as lisu with inteIJigEmce intormation bulletins in the same serialization systems making little distinetion between them except for limiting some technical reports to producer egeneies presumably on the basis orcustomer interest The consumer agency seemed to be able to
et all the technical details it wanted More important contemporary distlnctions were made between the processing sources iegt cryptanalysis traffic analysis or plain language
~ Conley in his December memoranduM also addressed how timely ASA reporting on Soviet aircraft mevementswas ~ming l
Material ffOj piaU text meeaampell ia i~attcl both al 9 ASA KlttOpe and at liSA WMbington 10 bat compolite inforlNuolI i
aYlliiable to intelligence COIIIQftIeBwithin I minimum oUime ASA Europe ia prlllenlb iaalling to
DEVELOPMENTS IN ALLIEDCOLLABOftATION (U)I I
U8 - lJritUIt LitJlaJn (U) I
(80eeet SUSLO London had loog wresUed with the problem or sbipping copies of Brit-ish-intercepted Soviet traffic back to Washington having had to depend Cor the 1DOS~ )artonBritish transportation assets sinee BOURBON was implemented1I1 Therefore it wtlt
witlt great pride deilared a major userB ampee)mpli6hment when in January 1948 there was finally established a US-controlled air courier aervice for the transportatiOn of raw kame from London to Washington On 20 January 1948 the fUSt batch ofraw trafYic was delivered at the Arican embalsy JA)ndon by SUSLO for shipment to the United
Stateu I ~ There was no doubt that cryptologie liaison between America and the British
in 1948 waarequire4 US Navy captain Joseph N WengerchieCofthe Navyscryptologic organisation wearj~1 his CJO bat confirmed in february in a statement oC collection requirements that t~ collaboration withGCHQ remained bighly desirable He then cited al justiflcation forthe continued collaboration the fact that the British and their
~_~ cbannels were used for example for the expression or Americanshyintercept tasking In May 1948 GCHQ was informed through
7
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 riP IIIAI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section l4(c)
fSa88) The centerp~ for American and British eryptologie liaison in 194$ WIllI the cond BRUSA Technical Conference held from 15 to 26 Ju1y The first confereace had
bien convened in the spring of 1946 shortly afec the 8RUSA Agreement was signed OCHQ called for the seconcl conference to review and make changes to the appendices produced during the first conference ASA was eager for a conference to plan for el12ugncy relocation of its stations in Europe CSAW on the other hand Fielded roluctantry to the urginga of the CJO Colonel Hayes who had replaced Captain Wenger amp1 CJO in April 1948 The conlerence agenda was to be restricted to five general topics $ilCUrity and pioceB8inC intereept~ eommunieations traffic analysis and standardization
(8 iii) Ofte topic however got very S-peeiflC 118 applied to the Soviet problem Plain
languare loomed Jarge for eryptolollic managers responsible for the Soviet target Conaequent)y Appendix B or the aRUSA Agreement was revis~d 80 that the security and dissemination regulations now also applied to Soviet radiotelephone I-E-O-]-3-5-2-6--se-c-t-io-n-l--4(-c-)- itltelIigenee andthe grading ofplaintext messages Furthermore a new Appendix K was formulated to embody the results or a complete survey of the Soviet plain te)[t and radioshyIephone targetal There was considerable correspondence between GCHQ and America conctrnin the exchange of Russian plain language traffic in 1948 (about whieb more later) During preparations for the London Conference US Army lieutenant Fred 8richt emphaeized to Waabington that he as a liaison officer needed to understand dearly what was happening in the rleld of Russian plain-Ianguage processing22
(amp 888 Although American cryptanalysts had worked together with British cryptanalyst in GCHQ spaces since 1945 in December 1948 the rUst forma))) integrated workin pady was formed at GCHQwhen three Americans arrived in London to join the Meteorological Party It integrated US and GCHQ experts in cryptanalysis traftic palysis and reporilng as an element in one of GCHQs departments controlled by the director OCHQ The MET I as it was minimized duplication ot effort and increased the identifiltl8tion the understanclinc of
Combined p8-rti8S-_______--- za I EO 13526 section 14(c)
l8P iiiAil YMIM 8
1
DOCID 3216~25 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14c) I GeO) In early 1948 British intemgenee authorities proposed collaboration with the United StAtes in electronic intelligence (iUNTJ or as it was then called el4lCb-onie reconnaislUce In the UK EWIT was upervised by the COKINT Board otthe LSIB In America however the military services contloIJed UNT with USCIB playing no part Nevertheless Captain Wenger in his last month the USClBs CJO was the recipient of th4I British request for collaboration in LINT Wenger called a meeting of all rv~ representatives to addre the iaaue Ultimatety the director of Intelligence USAF propoeed that the commanding pneral usAF Europe and the Us commander in ebief Mediterranean Fleet be allowed a imited ~ controlIeci exchange or raw informa~n (not analysis) with the British Alia recommended was that the overall joint superviion of the exchange be veampted in the Joint Chiel of Staff bull Prbullbullumably thbullbullbull rlCOmmendations were agreed to and for the time being USClB evidently played no turtherpartin Us ZUNT
(8eetO The good news for future writers and readers or cryptologic history wa founcl in a JLG announcement or 15 October that the secret title London Signal Intelligence
Centre (LSle) would be abolihed on 1 November 1948 with instructions that only GCHQ hould be used for an purpose there~rIII I
-1E---O--13-5--2--6-s-ec-t-io-n-l-4--(c-)-I
Continuatia1 of U
9 TQP ~A[1 UIRA
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLYPM 1 NI
liniater nRaeuoll they could IIOt raU to obaarve that tile partnenhip rel8mbled the eltluality ofthe
lIorbullbullncl-rebbi -oll4l rtooDeritS1 I-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-tl-middoto-n-l--4(-c-)---
(8Ie885 USCIB was also concerned with the increased risks to COMlNT security that went along with widning the base about COM(NT activities and was disturbed by implications of that there was a weakness somewhere in the existing chain of COMINT eCurityJOII2 No agreement was reached but negotiations would continue Formal letters between and Washington were exchanged throughout the fall and winter of 1948 slowly narrowin the differences between the two parties
(i ampQ~ Meanwhile working level liaison continued By 1948 USN lieutenant Max Gunn of CSAW to coordinate teehnical matters between Washingtcm and the pertaining to the eatablishmentand tOnstruction of radio intercept stations sa r-I-E-O--135-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
(10888) USCIB kept GCHQ informed a8 to the nature of materials being sent to bullbullbull For example UseIB provided GCHQ with a list of materils sent
other
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(fi amp8amp) The UJited State~ Com~unicati()na (ntel1ig~nee Coordinating Committee (Uscrcc) composed of senior cqptologic ofticials end subordinate to USCIBmiddot had been disinclined to aatisfy the British request without further explanation concerning
But Washington eventually acceded to Londons wilhes permitting
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
l8P 1Ii1T MBItA 10
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON fIItlMI_I EO13526 section 14(c)(d)
PERSONNEL RESOfRCES (U)
8888 Aa it would not be too mueh oran exalPra~on to state metaphorically that in 1947 Americana were thrown at the Soviet problem thus it i fair to add figuratively that in 1948 Americana were poured into the Soviet problem ASA cryptologic processinc manpower (ie not countinc collection personnel) dedicated to the Soviet tlrpt grew by 48 per~nt in 1948 COunterpart Navy personnel inereased a whopping 73 percent for an overall American rise lof 59 percent in 1948 This rate 01 increase was double the 1947 rate bull
I (E888) Available statistics or the total of ASA end CSAW personnel (ie including
personnel working n~n-Soviet targets) show that penonnei dedieated to the Soviet I
problem accounted or 27 percent in 1947 and 34 percent in 1948 atbe tota population at th two Washington cbMiNI centers As the fonowing chart shows too two thirds of all the Dew hires in 1948 ~re apparently assigned to the Soviet problem
I I
ASA Soviet C8AWsectovi~ Tpt1 Soviet TNtASAJ(jSAWPopulation
December 1947 434 241 675 December 1948 428 1078bull
ampee~ A careful review of the 8tatisti~ will show that wbile there were 1073 Americans8flsigned tothe Soviet prQblem in December 1948Qnly 657 were cryptanalysta
1) iibullbull UlRic
The~ picture revealed that eight
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbull 1111iiI WMlRA CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERLY
traffic analysts or language analysts It
turns out that the other 428 people were in support (unctions such as administration traftic preprocessing maintenance and clerical Another 171 (or 40 percent) were in the training pipeline a tail that did not appear identiliable in the montJaly statiaticsuntil February 1948
(eoee The Britiehwith still fewer people to throw at (or pour into) the Soviet problem Ulan the Americans nonetheless increased their ante too The substantia growth rate oC59 percentin American etyptologic processing personnel was combined with 8 more impressive 71 percent rise in British cryptologiats dtdicated to processing the Soviet targe~ This gave an Anglo-Ameriean annual increase or 62 percent doubling the previous yeatl rate and cOn~g the amuing groWth (in the race o( general reduction or defenle forces oCboth countries) as the following ~hart shows
us
ocmberlH7
DeoonIber 1948
- A breakdown of these statistiand linguists will be presented
whe
addreued
COLLECTION (U)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
cs into the number ofcryp~naJyata traffic aDalystl n the contributions bytheBe individual skills are
IKO 13526 section 14(c)
(8 amp99) By April 1948 the United States had thirty-six Ar~vy field stAtiona located both stateside and overseas Britain operated __ and the
Lesa than a year later in January 1949 because oCvarious closings and the number of British operated sites had dropped by one to _
The US number was thirty-five - including one USAF aite (USA-45) (or (erret CoNMning ferret flights in 194amp a stripped down USAF 8-29 ferret reportedly
overflew Soviet Siberia on an lmost twenty-ho~-lonl reconnaissance mission from Alaska to Japan on 5 AU8Ust oni 8 AulUst the same aircraft reversed the rught path returnine to Alaska These two missions were repeated on 1 and 6 Septembermiddot
I I f I
TtUkintI and CoUection Reeei~ (UJI
(8888) A gJimpaeofUS intercept tasking for 1-15 October 1948 shows that ofWbull
documented US eollection positio~ 548 (or 67 percent) were tasked against Soviet Morse and radioprinter targets intercept positions were so tasked with
Jevied
(i ggO~ To show once again how statistics can be misleading however apparently not all or those tasked potitions w~re manned More elaborate statistics for Januuy 1949
18fiiG U
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON TQp Iii ~N1t
ex~hanged by Siet industrial ministries research and deelopment (RampD) center and institutes and plantamp and factories Finally electronic intelligenc~ (KLINT) mottlyradars continued to be dealt with apart from COMINT by the military services The USAFs ferret program of aerial reconnaissance which focuaed bean1 on BUNT belan however to show an eer-increasing degree of collaboration with the SCAs fixed station COMINT operations
BOURBOHHWtlIflhta of lfH8 (U)
eN 88) Highlights in Allied collaboration included ajoint technical conference held in London in July 1948 largely to endorse an enhanced Anglo-American effort against SOviet There was BOl1RBON coUaboration with
(8 888) Human resources continued to be added in abu~dance to the Soviet problem in 1948 no matter how one counted The num~r of Americans and British subjects dedicated to BOTRBON rose 62 percent in a years time Moreover in the United State one thirdof aU SlGINTerS worked the Soviet problem (leaving 67 percent working on the reat of the world) with thepelcentage growing beeauee BOURBON got two thirds or all new hirea in 1948
tLMee) The two-thirds traction applied also amp0 the ratio of available US intercept positions tasked against the Soviet Union positions that were growing in number in field stations that were inereasin( both in number and geographic coverage AI result us collection of Soviet tarets rose during 1948 from roughly massages per month to about Ofeourse the British with their much larger more widespread colJection capability sUH copied mOlt of the Soviet traffic
Mr Herbett Cooley who had been on the stall of the Senior US Liaison OfFuer (SUSLO) London itt ui47 and was by late 1948 an ASA supervisor inlved in analysie and reporting of SoViet targets assesaed in December the strides made in eollection and forwarding FintlJ reported on recent ~tercept improvements
I Continued attnlpta to buLlci up intatOlp Nengtl had made itp08llllhle by the_er
of 1948 til begin intercept orRlISIrianoperational 01 lowleVeI Military and Military Air circuit in
thilara The inleneptancl analytJ ollUdllinb hu _1 increaaed during ~ fUC lew mondat
with 8D1phalia Wing accelerated III the Ruasiau have reduced tnulIDIinionbullbullbullbullbullbull I
Operatioaal air ina employinl radio-telephon bIIIDliaalonl h Iot been intercepud
~w[1 but eo~erofMona Iinb ieextnalve
Ef)uee8 Theft ~onley pointed out how forwarding to ASA of selected intercept had been made more timely by years end
At th presentJlate Arm1 SecuriC) Aleney Waahington is reeelvlni daily by teletype all air
arn and opentionaJ ir tra8ic intercepted at U8 afUON IUIIIi u Britieb 11_1
rORssnsr
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fir 11 tlMI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTtRLY
ill tba UK INormatioll GIl mo(RuMian pia_IllEwosN i6 avilable ill WNdlJfOIl withid
MW lIourar the fticht has bwnheduled9
Speculation about the reasons ranged from normal development in SOviet
I EO 13526 section 14( c)
cryptographic security (the early thinkinrgt to later leanings strongly toward espionage
with only backlop to ~Jean UP 11 5 cryptanalytic resource dropped $ percent by the end of the year
8t lraffic analysis of Soviet eommunications reached maturity Again Conley speaking only for ABA said it well
IEO 13526 section 14( c)
bull8 8S8) Soviet plain-language proeessini in 1948 rose like a phoenix out of the asbes bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull The nWor 1947 problem of a shortfall in Russian linguists was on the road to being recli1ied td 1948 The RUlIsian languge work force inmiddotASA and eSAW increased 131 percent overtiking the number of trmc and falling only bullbullbullbull people abort of the cryptanalytic work foree Two plain-language IMsaps were revie~lldduring the ~_r and ABA alone (llUJre than
_ every working day) based on plain-language material Limited statistics were avanable for CSA W but ita linguists inmiddot March 1948 scanned over plain-language ttltsagel and transla~lIIIofthemu
6
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOUIUSON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot pound6 ggg) GCHQ also quickly recognized the potential significance of Soviet plain
language material pointing out in its April proposal for an eICJ~cied USA) that the
Eli (89) AHiedcryptololPs published thousands of C01((NT reports in 1948 These reports mi~ed teehnieal items sucD as lisu with inteIJigEmce intormation bulletins in the same serialization systems making little distinetion between them except for limiting some technical reports to producer egeneies presumably on the basis orcustomer interest The consumer agency seemed to be able to
et all the technical details it wanted More important contemporary distlnctions were made between the processing sources iegt cryptanalysis traffic analysis or plain language
~ Conley in his December memoranduM also addressed how timely ASA reporting on Soviet aircraft mevementswas ~ming l
Material ffOj piaU text meeaampell ia i~attcl both al 9 ASA KlttOpe and at liSA WMbington 10 bat compolite inforlNuolI i
aYlliiable to intelligence COIIIQftIeBwithin I minimum oUime ASA Europe ia prlllenlb iaalling to
DEVELOPMENTS IN ALLIEDCOLLABOftATION (U)I I
U8 - lJritUIt LitJlaJn (U) I
(80eeet SUSLO London had loog wresUed with the problem or sbipping copies of Brit-ish-intercepted Soviet traffic back to Washington having had to depend Cor the 1DOS~ )artonBritish transportation assets sinee BOURBON was implemented1I1 Therefore it wtlt
witlt great pride deilared a major userB ampee)mpli6hment when in January 1948 there was finally established a US-controlled air courier aervice for the transportatiOn of raw kame from London to Washington On 20 January 1948 the fUSt batch ofraw trafYic was delivered at the Arican embalsy JA)ndon by SUSLO for shipment to the United
Stateu I ~ There was no doubt that cryptologie liaison between America and the British
in 1948 waarequire4 US Navy captain Joseph N WengerchieCofthe Navyscryptologic organisation wearj~1 his CJO bat confirmed in february in a statement oC collection requirements that t~ collaboration withGCHQ remained bighly desirable He then cited al justiflcation forthe continued collaboration the fact that the British and their
~_~ cbannels were used for example for the expression or Americanshyintercept tasking In May 1948 GCHQ was informed through
7
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 riP IIIAI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section l4(c)
fSa88) The centerp~ for American and British eryptologie liaison in 194$ WIllI the cond BRUSA Technical Conference held from 15 to 26 Ju1y The first confereace had
bien convened in the spring of 1946 shortly afec the 8RUSA Agreement was signed OCHQ called for the seconcl conference to review and make changes to the appendices produced during the first conference ASA was eager for a conference to plan for el12ugncy relocation of its stations in Europe CSAW on the other hand Fielded roluctantry to the urginga of the CJO Colonel Hayes who had replaced Captain Wenger amp1 CJO in April 1948 The conlerence agenda was to be restricted to five general topics $ilCUrity and pioceB8inC intereept~ eommunieations traffic analysis and standardization
(8 iii) Ofte topic however got very S-peeiflC 118 applied to the Soviet problem Plain
languare loomed Jarge for eryptolollic managers responsible for the Soviet target Conaequent)y Appendix B or the aRUSA Agreement was revis~d 80 that the security and dissemination regulations now also applied to Soviet radiotelephone I-E-O-]-3-5-2-6--se-c-t-io-n-l--4(-c-)- itltelIigenee andthe grading ofplaintext messages Furthermore a new Appendix K was formulated to embody the results or a complete survey of the Soviet plain te)[t and radioshyIephone targetal There was considerable correspondence between GCHQ and America conctrnin the exchange of Russian plain language traffic in 1948 (about whieb more later) During preparations for the London Conference US Army lieutenant Fred 8richt emphaeized to Waabington that he as a liaison officer needed to understand dearly what was happening in the rleld of Russian plain-Ianguage processing22
(amp 888 Although American cryptanalysts had worked together with British cryptanalyst in GCHQ spaces since 1945 in December 1948 the rUst forma))) integrated workin pady was formed at GCHQwhen three Americans arrived in London to join the Meteorological Party It integrated US and GCHQ experts in cryptanalysis traftic palysis and reporilng as an element in one of GCHQs departments controlled by the director OCHQ The MET I as it was minimized duplication ot effort and increased the identifiltl8tion the understanclinc of
Combined p8-rti8S-_______--- za I EO 13526 section 14(c)
l8P iiiAil YMIM 8
1
DOCID 3216~25 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14c) I GeO) In early 1948 British intemgenee authorities proposed collaboration with the United StAtes in electronic intelligence (iUNTJ or as it was then called el4lCb-onie reconnaislUce In the UK EWIT was upervised by the COKINT Board otthe LSIB In America however the military services contloIJed UNT with USCIB playing no part Nevertheless Captain Wenger in his last month the USClBs CJO was the recipient of th4I British request for collaboration in LINT Wenger called a meeting of all rv~ representatives to addre the iaaue Ultimatety the director of Intelligence USAF propoeed that the commanding pneral usAF Europe and the Us commander in ebief Mediterranean Fleet be allowed a imited ~ controlIeci exchange or raw informa~n (not analysis) with the British Alia recommended was that the overall joint superviion of the exchange be veampted in the Joint Chiel of Staff bull Prbullbullumably thbullbullbull rlCOmmendations were agreed to and for the time being USClB evidently played no turtherpartin Us ZUNT
(8eetO The good news for future writers and readers or cryptologic history wa founcl in a JLG announcement or 15 October that the secret title London Signal Intelligence
Centre (LSle) would be abolihed on 1 November 1948 with instructions that only GCHQ hould be used for an purpose there~rIII I
-1E---O--13-5--2--6-s-ec-t-io-n-l-4--(c-)-I
Continuatia1 of U
9 TQP ~A[1 UIRA
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLYPM 1 NI
liniater nRaeuoll they could IIOt raU to obaarve that tile partnenhip rel8mbled the eltluality ofthe
lIorbullbullncl-rebbi -oll4l rtooDeritS1 I-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-tl-middoto-n-l--4(-c-)---
(8Ie885 USCIB was also concerned with the increased risks to COMlNT security that went along with widning the base about COM(NT activities and was disturbed by implications of that there was a weakness somewhere in the existing chain of COMINT eCurityJOII2 No agreement was reached but negotiations would continue Formal letters between and Washington were exchanged throughout the fall and winter of 1948 slowly narrowin the differences between the two parties
(i ampQ~ Meanwhile working level liaison continued By 1948 USN lieutenant Max Gunn of CSAW to coordinate teehnical matters between Washingtcm and the pertaining to the eatablishmentand tOnstruction of radio intercept stations sa r-I-E-O--135-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
(10888) USCIB kept GCHQ informed a8 to the nature of materials being sent to bullbullbull For example UseIB provided GCHQ with a list of materils sent
other
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(fi amp8amp) The UJited State~ Com~unicati()na (ntel1ig~nee Coordinating Committee (Uscrcc) composed of senior cqptologic ofticials end subordinate to USCIBmiddot had been disinclined to aatisfy the British request without further explanation concerning
But Washington eventually acceded to Londons wilhes permitting
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
l8P 1Ii1T MBItA 10
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON fIItlMI_I EO13526 section 14(c)(d)
PERSONNEL RESOfRCES (U)
8888 Aa it would not be too mueh oran exalPra~on to state metaphorically that in 1947 Americana were thrown at the Soviet problem thus it i fair to add figuratively that in 1948 Americana were poured into the Soviet problem ASA cryptologic processinc manpower (ie not countinc collection personnel) dedicated to the Soviet tlrpt grew by 48 per~nt in 1948 COunterpart Navy personnel inereased a whopping 73 percent for an overall American rise lof 59 percent in 1948 This rate 01 increase was double the 1947 rate bull
I (E888) Available statistics or the total of ASA end CSAW personnel (ie including
personnel working n~n-Soviet targets) show that penonnei dedieated to the Soviet I
problem accounted or 27 percent in 1947 and 34 percent in 1948 atbe tota population at th two Washington cbMiNI centers As the fonowing chart shows too two thirds of all the Dew hires in 1948 ~re apparently assigned to the Soviet problem
I I
ASA Soviet C8AWsectovi~ Tpt1 Soviet TNtASAJ(jSAWPopulation
December 1947 434 241 675 December 1948 428 1078bull
ampee~ A careful review of the 8tatisti~ will show that wbile there were 1073 Americans8flsigned tothe Soviet prQblem in December 1948Qnly 657 were cryptanalysta
1) iibullbull UlRic
The~ picture revealed that eight
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbull 1111iiI WMlRA CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERLY
traffic analysts or language analysts It
turns out that the other 428 people were in support (unctions such as administration traftic preprocessing maintenance and clerical Another 171 (or 40 percent) were in the training pipeline a tail that did not appear identiliable in the montJaly statiaticsuntil February 1948
(eoee The Britiehwith still fewer people to throw at (or pour into) the Soviet problem Ulan the Americans nonetheless increased their ante too The substantia growth rate oC59 percentin American etyptologic processing personnel was combined with 8 more impressive 71 percent rise in British cryptologiats dtdicated to processing the Soviet targe~ This gave an Anglo-Ameriean annual increase or 62 percent doubling the previous yeatl rate and cOn~g the amuing groWth (in the race o( general reduction or defenle forces oCboth countries) as the following ~hart shows
us
ocmberlH7
DeoonIber 1948
- A breakdown of these statistiand linguists will be presented
whe
addreued
COLLECTION (U)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
cs into the number ofcryp~naJyata traffic aDalystl n the contributions bytheBe individual skills are
IKO 13526 section 14(c)
(8 amp99) By April 1948 the United States had thirty-six Ar~vy field stAtiona located both stateside and overseas Britain operated __ and the
Lesa than a year later in January 1949 because oCvarious closings and the number of British operated sites had dropped by one to _
The US number was thirty-five - including one USAF aite (USA-45) (or (erret CoNMning ferret flights in 194amp a stripped down USAF 8-29 ferret reportedly
overflew Soviet Siberia on an lmost twenty-ho~-lonl reconnaissance mission from Alaska to Japan on 5 AU8Ust oni 8 AulUst the same aircraft reversed the rught path returnine to Alaska These two missions were repeated on 1 and 6 Septembermiddot
I I f I
TtUkintI and CoUection Reeei~ (UJI
(8888) A gJimpaeofUS intercept tasking for 1-15 October 1948 shows that ofWbull
documented US eollection positio~ 548 (or 67 percent) were tasked against Soviet Morse and radioprinter targets intercept positions were so tasked with
Jevied
(i ggO~ To show once again how statistics can be misleading however apparently not all or those tasked potitions w~re manned More elaborate statistics for Januuy 1949
18fiiG U
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fir 11 tlMI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTtRLY
ill tba UK INormatioll GIl mo(RuMian pia_IllEwosN i6 avilable ill WNdlJfOIl withid
MW lIourar the fticht has bwnheduled9
Speculation about the reasons ranged from normal development in SOviet
I EO 13526 section 14( c)
cryptographic security (the early thinkinrgt to later leanings strongly toward espionage
with only backlop to ~Jean UP 11 5 cryptanalytic resource dropped $ percent by the end of the year
8t lraffic analysis of Soviet eommunications reached maturity Again Conley speaking only for ABA said it well
IEO 13526 section 14( c)
bull8 8S8) Soviet plain-language proeessini in 1948 rose like a phoenix out of the asbes bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull The nWor 1947 problem of a shortfall in Russian linguists was on the road to being recli1ied td 1948 The RUlIsian languge work force inmiddotASA and eSAW increased 131 percent overtiking the number of trmc and falling only bullbullbullbull people abort of the cryptanalytic work foree Two plain-language IMsaps were revie~lldduring the ~_r and ABA alone (llUJre than
_ every working day) based on plain-language material Limited statistics were avanable for CSA W but ita linguists inmiddot March 1948 scanned over plain-language ttltsagel and transla~lIIIofthemu
6
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOUIUSON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot pound6 ggg) GCHQ also quickly recognized the potential significance of Soviet plain
language material pointing out in its April proposal for an eICJ~cied USA) that the
Eli (89) AHiedcryptololPs published thousands of C01((NT reports in 1948 These reports mi~ed teehnieal items sucD as lisu with inteIJigEmce intormation bulletins in the same serialization systems making little distinetion between them except for limiting some technical reports to producer egeneies presumably on the basis orcustomer interest The consumer agency seemed to be able to
et all the technical details it wanted More important contemporary distlnctions were made between the processing sources iegt cryptanalysis traffic analysis or plain language
~ Conley in his December memoranduM also addressed how timely ASA reporting on Soviet aircraft mevementswas ~ming l
Material ffOj piaU text meeaampell ia i~attcl both al 9 ASA KlttOpe and at liSA WMbington 10 bat compolite inforlNuolI i
aYlliiable to intelligence COIIIQftIeBwithin I minimum oUime ASA Europe ia prlllenlb iaalling to
DEVELOPMENTS IN ALLIEDCOLLABOftATION (U)I I
U8 - lJritUIt LitJlaJn (U) I
(80eeet SUSLO London had loog wresUed with the problem or sbipping copies of Brit-ish-intercepted Soviet traffic back to Washington having had to depend Cor the 1DOS~ )artonBritish transportation assets sinee BOURBON was implemented1I1 Therefore it wtlt
witlt great pride deilared a major userB ampee)mpli6hment when in January 1948 there was finally established a US-controlled air courier aervice for the transportatiOn of raw kame from London to Washington On 20 January 1948 the fUSt batch ofraw trafYic was delivered at the Arican embalsy JA)ndon by SUSLO for shipment to the United
Stateu I ~ There was no doubt that cryptologie liaison between America and the British
in 1948 waarequire4 US Navy captain Joseph N WengerchieCofthe Navyscryptologic organisation wearj~1 his CJO bat confirmed in february in a statement oC collection requirements that t~ collaboration withGCHQ remained bighly desirable He then cited al justiflcation forthe continued collaboration the fact that the British and their
~_~ cbannels were used for example for the expression or Americanshyintercept tasking In May 1948 GCHQ was informed through
7
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 riP IIIAI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section l4(c)
fSa88) The centerp~ for American and British eryptologie liaison in 194$ WIllI the cond BRUSA Technical Conference held from 15 to 26 Ju1y The first confereace had
bien convened in the spring of 1946 shortly afec the 8RUSA Agreement was signed OCHQ called for the seconcl conference to review and make changes to the appendices produced during the first conference ASA was eager for a conference to plan for el12ugncy relocation of its stations in Europe CSAW on the other hand Fielded roluctantry to the urginga of the CJO Colonel Hayes who had replaced Captain Wenger amp1 CJO in April 1948 The conlerence agenda was to be restricted to five general topics $ilCUrity and pioceB8inC intereept~ eommunieations traffic analysis and standardization
(8 iii) Ofte topic however got very S-peeiflC 118 applied to the Soviet problem Plain
languare loomed Jarge for eryptolollic managers responsible for the Soviet target Conaequent)y Appendix B or the aRUSA Agreement was revis~d 80 that the security and dissemination regulations now also applied to Soviet radiotelephone I-E-O-]-3-5-2-6--se-c-t-io-n-l--4(-c-)- itltelIigenee andthe grading ofplaintext messages Furthermore a new Appendix K was formulated to embody the results or a complete survey of the Soviet plain te)[t and radioshyIephone targetal There was considerable correspondence between GCHQ and America conctrnin the exchange of Russian plain language traffic in 1948 (about whieb more later) During preparations for the London Conference US Army lieutenant Fred 8richt emphaeized to Waabington that he as a liaison officer needed to understand dearly what was happening in the rleld of Russian plain-Ianguage processing22
(amp 888 Although American cryptanalysts had worked together with British cryptanalyst in GCHQ spaces since 1945 in December 1948 the rUst forma))) integrated workin pady was formed at GCHQwhen three Americans arrived in London to join the Meteorological Party It integrated US and GCHQ experts in cryptanalysis traftic palysis and reporilng as an element in one of GCHQs departments controlled by the director OCHQ The MET I as it was minimized duplication ot effort and increased the identifiltl8tion the understanclinc of
Combined p8-rti8S-_______--- za I EO 13526 section 14(c)
l8P iiiAil YMIM 8
1
DOCID 3216~25 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14c) I GeO) In early 1948 British intemgenee authorities proposed collaboration with the United StAtes in electronic intelligence (iUNTJ or as it was then called el4lCb-onie reconnaislUce In the UK EWIT was upervised by the COKINT Board otthe LSIB In America however the military services contloIJed UNT with USCIB playing no part Nevertheless Captain Wenger in his last month the USClBs CJO was the recipient of th4I British request for collaboration in LINT Wenger called a meeting of all rv~ representatives to addre the iaaue Ultimatety the director of Intelligence USAF propoeed that the commanding pneral usAF Europe and the Us commander in ebief Mediterranean Fleet be allowed a imited ~ controlIeci exchange or raw informa~n (not analysis) with the British Alia recommended was that the overall joint superviion of the exchange be veampted in the Joint Chiel of Staff bull Prbullbullumably thbullbullbull rlCOmmendations were agreed to and for the time being USClB evidently played no turtherpartin Us ZUNT
(8eetO The good news for future writers and readers or cryptologic history wa founcl in a JLG announcement or 15 October that the secret title London Signal Intelligence
Centre (LSle) would be abolihed on 1 November 1948 with instructions that only GCHQ hould be used for an purpose there~rIII I
-1E---O--13-5--2--6-s-ec-t-io-n-l-4--(c-)-I
Continuatia1 of U
9 TQP ~A[1 UIRA
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLYPM 1 NI
liniater nRaeuoll they could IIOt raU to obaarve that tile partnenhip rel8mbled the eltluality ofthe
lIorbullbullncl-rebbi -oll4l rtooDeritS1 I-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-tl-middoto-n-l--4(-c-)---
(8Ie885 USCIB was also concerned with the increased risks to COMlNT security that went along with widning the base about COM(NT activities and was disturbed by implications of that there was a weakness somewhere in the existing chain of COMINT eCurityJOII2 No agreement was reached but negotiations would continue Formal letters between and Washington were exchanged throughout the fall and winter of 1948 slowly narrowin the differences between the two parties
(i ampQ~ Meanwhile working level liaison continued By 1948 USN lieutenant Max Gunn of CSAW to coordinate teehnical matters between Washingtcm and the pertaining to the eatablishmentand tOnstruction of radio intercept stations sa r-I-E-O--135-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
(10888) USCIB kept GCHQ informed a8 to the nature of materials being sent to bullbullbull For example UseIB provided GCHQ with a list of materils sent
other
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(fi amp8amp) The UJited State~ Com~unicati()na (ntel1ig~nee Coordinating Committee (Uscrcc) composed of senior cqptologic ofticials end subordinate to USCIBmiddot had been disinclined to aatisfy the British request without further explanation concerning
But Washington eventually acceded to Londons wilhes permitting
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
l8P 1Ii1T MBItA 10
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON fIItlMI_I EO13526 section 14(c)(d)
PERSONNEL RESOfRCES (U)
8888 Aa it would not be too mueh oran exalPra~on to state metaphorically that in 1947 Americana were thrown at the Soviet problem thus it i fair to add figuratively that in 1948 Americana were poured into the Soviet problem ASA cryptologic processinc manpower (ie not countinc collection personnel) dedicated to the Soviet tlrpt grew by 48 per~nt in 1948 COunterpart Navy personnel inereased a whopping 73 percent for an overall American rise lof 59 percent in 1948 This rate 01 increase was double the 1947 rate bull
I (E888) Available statistics or the total of ASA end CSAW personnel (ie including
personnel working n~n-Soviet targets) show that penonnei dedieated to the Soviet I
problem accounted or 27 percent in 1947 and 34 percent in 1948 atbe tota population at th two Washington cbMiNI centers As the fonowing chart shows too two thirds of all the Dew hires in 1948 ~re apparently assigned to the Soviet problem
I I
ASA Soviet C8AWsectovi~ Tpt1 Soviet TNtASAJ(jSAWPopulation
December 1947 434 241 675 December 1948 428 1078bull
ampee~ A careful review of the 8tatisti~ will show that wbile there were 1073 Americans8flsigned tothe Soviet prQblem in December 1948Qnly 657 were cryptanalysta
1) iibullbull UlRic
The~ picture revealed that eight
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbull 1111iiI WMlRA CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERLY
traffic analysts or language analysts It
turns out that the other 428 people were in support (unctions such as administration traftic preprocessing maintenance and clerical Another 171 (or 40 percent) were in the training pipeline a tail that did not appear identiliable in the montJaly statiaticsuntil February 1948
(eoee The Britiehwith still fewer people to throw at (or pour into) the Soviet problem Ulan the Americans nonetheless increased their ante too The substantia growth rate oC59 percentin American etyptologic processing personnel was combined with 8 more impressive 71 percent rise in British cryptologiats dtdicated to processing the Soviet targe~ This gave an Anglo-Ameriean annual increase or 62 percent doubling the previous yeatl rate and cOn~g the amuing groWth (in the race o( general reduction or defenle forces oCboth countries) as the following ~hart shows
us
ocmberlH7
DeoonIber 1948
- A breakdown of these statistiand linguists will be presented
whe
addreued
COLLECTION (U)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
cs into the number ofcryp~naJyata traffic aDalystl n the contributions bytheBe individual skills are
IKO 13526 section 14(c)
(8 amp99) By April 1948 the United States had thirty-six Ar~vy field stAtiona located both stateside and overseas Britain operated __ and the
Lesa than a year later in January 1949 because oCvarious closings and the number of British operated sites had dropped by one to _
The US number was thirty-five - including one USAF aite (USA-45) (or (erret CoNMning ferret flights in 194amp a stripped down USAF 8-29 ferret reportedly
overflew Soviet Siberia on an lmost twenty-ho~-lonl reconnaissance mission from Alaska to Japan on 5 AU8Ust oni 8 AulUst the same aircraft reversed the rught path returnine to Alaska These two missions were repeated on 1 and 6 Septembermiddot
I I f I
TtUkintI and CoUection Reeei~ (UJI
(8888) A gJimpaeofUS intercept tasking for 1-15 October 1948 shows that ofWbull
documented US eollection positio~ 548 (or 67 percent) were tasked against Soviet Morse and radioprinter targets intercept positions were so tasked with
Jevied
(i ggO~ To show once again how statistics can be misleading however apparently not all or those tasked potitions w~re manned More elaborate statistics for Januuy 1949
18fiiG U
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOUIUSON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot pound6 ggg) GCHQ also quickly recognized the potential significance of Soviet plain
language material pointing out in its April proposal for an eICJ~cied USA) that the
Eli (89) AHiedcryptololPs published thousands of C01((NT reports in 1948 These reports mi~ed teehnieal items sucD as lisu with inteIJigEmce intormation bulletins in the same serialization systems making little distinetion between them except for limiting some technical reports to producer egeneies presumably on the basis orcustomer interest The consumer agency seemed to be able to
et all the technical details it wanted More important contemporary distlnctions were made between the processing sources iegt cryptanalysis traffic analysis or plain language
~ Conley in his December memoranduM also addressed how timely ASA reporting on Soviet aircraft mevementswas ~ming l
Material ffOj piaU text meeaampell ia i~attcl both al 9 ASA KlttOpe and at liSA WMbington 10 bat compolite inforlNuolI i
aYlliiable to intelligence COIIIQftIeBwithin I minimum oUime ASA Europe ia prlllenlb iaalling to
DEVELOPMENTS IN ALLIEDCOLLABOftATION (U)I I
U8 - lJritUIt LitJlaJn (U) I
(80eeet SUSLO London had loog wresUed with the problem or sbipping copies of Brit-ish-intercepted Soviet traffic back to Washington having had to depend Cor the 1DOS~ )artonBritish transportation assets sinee BOURBON was implemented1I1 Therefore it wtlt
witlt great pride deilared a major userB ampee)mpli6hment when in January 1948 there was finally established a US-controlled air courier aervice for the transportatiOn of raw kame from London to Washington On 20 January 1948 the fUSt batch ofraw trafYic was delivered at the Arican embalsy JA)ndon by SUSLO for shipment to the United
Stateu I ~ There was no doubt that cryptologie liaison between America and the British
in 1948 waarequire4 US Navy captain Joseph N WengerchieCofthe Navyscryptologic organisation wearj~1 his CJO bat confirmed in february in a statement oC collection requirements that t~ collaboration withGCHQ remained bighly desirable He then cited al justiflcation forthe continued collaboration the fact that the British and their
~_~ cbannels were used for example for the expression or Americanshyintercept tasking In May 1948 GCHQ was informed through
7
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 riP IIIAI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section l4(c)
fSa88) The centerp~ for American and British eryptologie liaison in 194$ WIllI the cond BRUSA Technical Conference held from 15 to 26 Ju1y The first confereace had
bien convened in the spring of 1946 shortly afec the 8RUSA Agreement was signed OCHQ called for the seconcl conference to review and make changes to the appendices produced during the first conference ASA was eager for a conference to plan for el12ugncy relocation of its stations in Europe CSAW on the other hand Fielded roluctantry to the urginga of the CJO Colonel Hayes who had replaced Captain Wenger amp1 CJO in April 1948 The conlerence agenda was to be restricted to five general topics $ilCUrity and pioceB8inC intereept~ eommunieations traffic analysis and standardization
(8 iii) Ofte topic however got very S-peeiflC 118 applied to the Soviet problem Plain
languare loomed Jarge for eryptolollic managers responsible for the Soviet target Conaequent)y Appendix B or the aRUSA Agreement was revis~d 80 that the security and dissemination regulations now also applied to Soviet radiotelephone I-E-O-]-3-5-2-6--se-c-t-io-n-l--4(-c-)- itltelIigenee andthe grading ofplaintext messages Furthermore a new Appendix K was formulated to embody the results or a complete survey of the Soviet plain te)[t and radioshyIephone targetal There was considerable correspondence between GCHQ and America conctrnin the exchange of Russian plain language traffic in 1948 (about whieb more later) During preparations for the London Conference US Army lieutenant Fred 8richt emphaeized to Waabington that he as a liaison officer needed to understand dearly what was happening in the rleld of Russian plain-Ianguage processing22
(amp 888 Although American cryptanalysts had worked together with British cryptanalyst in GCHQ spaces since 1945 in December 1948 the rUst forma))) integrated workin pady was formed at GCHQwhen three Americans arrived in London to join the Meteorological Party It integrated US and GCHQ experts in cryptanalysis traftic palysis and reporilng as an element in one of GCHQs departments controlled by the director OCHQ The MET I as it was minimized duplication ot effort and increased the identifiltl8tion the understanclinc of
Combined p8-rti8S-_______--- za I EO 13526 section 14(c)
l8P iiiAil YMIM 8
1
DOCID 3216~25 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14c) I GeO) In early 1948 British intemgenee authorities proposed collaboration with the United StAtes in electronic intelligence (iUNTJ or as it was then called el4lCb-onie reconnaislUce In the UK EWIT was upervised by the COKINT Board otthe LSIB In America however the military services contloIJed UNT with USCIB playing no part Nevertheless Captain Wenger in his last month the USClBs CJO was the recipient of th4I British request for collaboration in LINT Wenger called a meeting of all rv~ representatives to addre the iaaue Ultimatety the director of Intelligence USAF propoeed that the commanding pneral usAF Europe and the Us commander in ebief Mediterranean Fleet be allowed a imited ~ controlIeci exchange or raw informa~n (not analysis) with the British Alia recommended was that the overall joint superviion of the exchange be veampted in the Joint Chiel of Staff bull Prbullbullumably thbullbullbull rlCOmmendations were agreed to and for the time being USClB evidently played no turtherpartin Us ZUNT
(8eetO The good news for future writers and readers or cryptologic history wa founcl in a JLG announcement or 15 October that the secret title London Signal Intelligence
Centre (LSle) would be abolihed on 1 November 1948 with instructions that only GCHQ hould be used for an purpose there~rIII I
-1E---O--13-5--2--6-s-ec-t-io-n-l-4--(c-)-I
Continuatia1 of U
9 TQP ~A[1 UIRA
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLYPM 1 NI
liniater nRaeuoll they could IIOt raU to obaarve that tile partnenhip rel8mbled the eltluality ofthe
lIorbullbullncl-rebbi -oll4l rtooDeritS1 I-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-tl-middoto-n-l--4(-c-)---
(8Ie885 USCIB was also concerned with the increased risks to COMlNT security that went along with widning the base about COM(NT activities and was disturbed by implications of that there was a weakness somewhere in the existing chain of COMINT eCurityJOII2 No agreement was reached but negotiations would continue Formal letters between and Washington were exchanged throughout the fall and winter of 1948 slowly narrowin the differences between the two parties
(i ampQ~ Meanwhile working level liaison continued By 1948 USN lieutenant Max Gunn of CSAW to coordinate teehnical matters between Washingtcm and the pertaining to the eatablishmentand tOnstruction of radio intercept stations sa r-I-E-O--135-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
(10888) USCIB kept GCHQ informed a8 to the nature of materials being sent to bullbullbull For example UseIB provided GCHQ with a list of materils sent
other
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(fi amp8amp) The UJited State~ Com~unicati()na (ntel1ig~nee Coordinating Committee (Uscrcc) composed of senior cqptologic ofticials end subordinate to USCIBmiddot had been disinclined to aatisfy the British request without further explanation concerning
But Washington eventually acceded to Londons wilhes permitting
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
l8P 1Ii1T MBItA 10
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON fIItlMI_I EO13526 section 14(c)(d)
PERSONNEL RESOfRCES (U)
8888 Aa it would not be too mueh oran exalPra~on to state metaphorically that in 1947 Americana were thrown at the Soviet problem thus it i fair to add figuratively that in 1948 Americana were poured into the Soviet problem ASA cryptologic processinc manpower (ie not countinc collection personnel) dedicated to the Soviet tlrpt grew by 48 per~nt in 1948 COunterpart Navy personnel inereased a whopping 73 percent for an overall American rise lof 59 percent in 1948 This rate 01 increase was double the 1947 rate bull
I (E888) Available statistics or the total of ASA end CSAW personnel (ie including
personnel working n~n-Soviet targets) show that penonnei dedieated to the Soviet I
problem accounted or 27 percent in 1947 and 34 percent in 1948 atbe tota population at th two Washington cbMiNI centers As the fonowing chart shows too two thirds of all the Dew hires in 1948 ~re apparently assigned to the Soviet problem
I I
ASA Soviet C8AWsectovi~ Tpt1 Soviet TNtASAJ(jSAWPopulation
December 1947 434 241 675 December 1948 428 1078bull
ampee~ A careful review of the 8tatisti~ will show that wbile there were 1073 Americans8flsigned tothe Soviet prQblem in December 1948Qnly 657 were cryptanalysta
1) iibullbull UlRic
The~ picture revealed that eight
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbull 1111iiI WMlRA CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERLY
traffic analysts or language analysts It
turns out that the other 428 people were in support (unctions such as administration traftic preprocessing maintenance and clerical Another 171 (or 40 percent) were in the training pipeline a tail that did not appear identiliable in the montJaly statiaticsuntil February 1948
(eoee The Britiehwith still fewer people to throw at (or pour into) the Soviet problem Ulan the Americans nonetheless increased their ante too The substantia growth rate oC59 percentin American etyptologic processing personnel was combined with 8 more impressive 71 percent rise in British cryptologiats dtdicated to processing the Soviet targe~ This gave an Anglo-Ameriean annual increase or 62 percent doubling the previous yeatl rate and cOn~g the amuing groWth (in the race o( general reduction or defenle forces oCboth countries) as the following ~hart shows
us
ocmberlH7
DeoonIber 1948
- A breakdown of these statistiand linguists will be presented
whe
addreued
COLLECTION (U)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
cs into the number ofcryp~naJyata traffic aDalystl n the contributions bytheBe individual skills are
IKO 13526 section 14(c)
(8 amp99) By April 1948 the United States had thirty-six Ar~vy field stAtiona located both stateside and overseas Britain operated __ and the
Lesa than a year later in January 1949 because oCvarious closings and the number of British operated sites had dropped by one to _
The US number was thirty-five - including one USAF aite (USA-45) (or (erret CoNMning ferret flights in 194amp a stripped down USAF 8-29 ferret reportedly
overflew Soviet Siberia on an lmost twenty-ho~-lonl reconnaissance mission from Alaska to Japan on 5 AU8Ust oni 8 AulUst the same aircraft reversed the rught path returnine to Alaska These two missions were repeated on 1 and 6 Septembermiddot
I I f I
TtUkintI and CoUection Reeei~ (UJI
(8888) A gJimpaeofUS intercept tasking for 1-15 October 1948 shows that ofWbull
documented US eollection positio~ 548 (or 67 percent) were tasked against Soviet Morse and radioprinter targets intercept positions were so tasked with
Jevied
(i ggO~ To show once again how statistics can be misleading however apparently not all or those tasked potitions w~re manned More elaborate statistics for Januuy 1949
18fiiG U
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 riP IIIAI CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section l4(c)
fSa88) The centerp~ for American and British eryptologie liaison in 194$ WIllI the cond BRUSA Technical Conference held from 15 to 26 Ju1y The first confereace had
bien convened in the spring of 1946 shortly afec the 8RUSA Agreement was signed OCHQ called for the seconcl conference to review and make changes to the appendices produced during the first conference ASA was eager for a conference to plan for el12ugncy relocation of its stations in Europe CSAW on the other hand Fielded roluctantry to the urginga of the CJO Colonel Hayes who had replaced Captain Wenger amp1 CJO in April 1948 The conlerence agenda was to be restricted to five general topics $ilCUrity and pioceB8inC intereept~ eommunieations traffic analysis and standardization
(8 iii) Ofte topic however got very S-peeiflC 118 applied to the Soviet problem Plain
languare loomed Jarge for eryptolollic managers responsible for the Soviet target Conaequent)y Appendix B or the aRUSA Agreement was revis~d 80 that the security and dissemination regulations now also applied to Soviet radiotelephone I-E-O-]-3-5-2-6--se-c-t-io-n-l--4(-c-)- itltelIigenee andthe grading ofplaintext messages Furthermore a new Appendix K was formulated to embody the results or a complete survey of the Soviet plain te)[t and radioshyIephone targetal There was considerable correspondence between GCHQ and America conctrnin the exchange of Russian plain language traffic in 1948 (about whieb more later) During preparations for the London Conference US Army lieutenant Fred 8richt emphaeized to Waabington that he as a liaison officer needed to understand dearly what was happening in the rleld of Russian plain-Ianguage processing22
(amp 888 Although American cryptanalysts had worked together with British cryptanalyst in GCHQ spaces since 1945 in December 1948 the rUst forma))) integrated workin pady was formed at GCHQwhen three Americans arrived in London to join the Meteorological Party It integrated US and GCHQ experts in cryptanalysis traftic palysis and reporilng as an element in one of GCHQs departments controlled by the director OCHQ The MET I as it was minimized duplication ot effort and increased the identifiltl8tion the understanclinc of
Combined p8-rti8S-_______--- za I EO 13526 section 14(c)
l8P iiiAil YMIM 8
1
DOCID 3216~25 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14c) I GeO) In early 1948 British intemgenee authorities proposed collaboration with the United StAtes in electronic intelligence (iUNTJ or as it was then called el4lCb-onie reconnaislUce In the UK EWIT was upervised by the COKINT Board otthe LSIB In America however the military services contloIJed UNT with USCIB playing no part Nevertheless Captain Wenger in his last month the USClBs CJO was the recipient of th4I British request for collaboration in LINT Wenger called a meeting of all rv~ representatives to addre the iaaue Ultimatety the director of Intelligence USAF propoeed that the commanding pneral usAF Europe and the Us commander in ebief Mediterranean Fleet be allowed a imited ~ controlIeci exchange or raw informa~n (not analysis) with the British Alia recommended was that the overall joint superviion of the exchange be veampted in the Joint Chiel of Staff bull Prbullbullumably thbullbullbull rlCOmmendations were agreed to and for the time being USClB evidently played no turtherpartin Us ZUNT
(8eetO The good news for future writers and readers or cryptologic history wa founcl in a JLG announcement or 15 October that the secret title London Signal Intelligence
Centre (LSle) would be abolihed on 1 November 1948 with instructions that only GCHQ hould be used for an purpose there~rIII I
-1E---O--13-5--2--6-s-ec-t-io-n-l-4--(c-)-I
Continuatia1 of U
9 TQP ~A[1 UIRA
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLYPM 1 NI
liniater nRaeuoll they could IIOt raU to obaarve that tile partnenhip rel8mbled the eltluality ofthe
lIorbullbullncl-rebbi -oll4l rtooDeritS1 I-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-tl-middoto-n-l--4(-c-)---
(8Ie885 USCIB was also concerned with the increased risks to COMlNT security that went along with widning the base about COM(NT activities and was disturbed by implications of that there was a weakness somewhere in the existing chain of COMINT eCurityJOII2 No agreement was reached but negotiations would continue Formal letters between and Washington were exchanged throughout the fall and winter of 1948 slowly narrowin the differences between the two parties
(i ampQ~ Meanwhile working level liaison continued By 1948 USN lieutenant Max Gunn of CSAW to coordinate teehnical matters between Washingtcm and the pertaining to the eatablishmentand tOnstruction of radio intercept stations sa r-I-E-O--135-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
(10888) USCIB kept GCHQ informed a8 to the nature of materials being sent to bullbullbull For example UseIB provided GCHQ with a list of materils sent
other
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(fi amp8amp) The UJited State~ Com~unicati()na (ntel1ig~nee Coordinating Committee (Uscrcc) composed of senior cqptologic ofticials end subordinate to USCIBmiddot had been disinclined to aatisfy the British request without further explanation concerning
But Washington eventually acceded to Londons wilhes permitting
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
l8P 1Ii1T MBItA 10
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON fIItlMI_I EO13526 section 14(c)(d)
PERSONNEL RESOfRCES (U)
8888 Aa it would not be too mueh oran exalPra~on to state metaphorically that in 1947 Americana were thrown at the Soviet problem thus it i fair to add figuratively that in 1948 Americana were poured into the Soviet problem ASA cryptologic processinc manpower (ie not countinc collection personnel) dedicated to the Soviet tlrpt grew by 48 per~nt in 1948 COunterpart Navy personnel inereased a whopping 73 percent for an overall American rise lof 59 percent in 1948 This rate 01 increase was double the 1947 rate bull
I (E888) Available statistics or the total of ASA end CSAW personnel (ie including
personnel working n~n-Soviet targets) show that penonnei dedieated to the Soviet I
problem accounted or 27 percent in 1947 and 34 percent in 1948 atbe tota population at th two Washington cbMiNI centers As the fonowing chart shows too two thirds of all the Dew hires in 1948 ~re apparently assigned to the Soviet problem
I I
ASA Soviet C8AWsectovi~ Tpt1 Soviet TNtASAJ(jSAWPopulation
December 1947 434 241 675 December 1948 428 1078bull
ampee~ A careful review of the 8tatisti~ will show that wbile there were 1073 Americans8flsigned tothe Soviet prQblem in December 1948Qnly 657 were cryptanalysta
1) iibullbull UlRic
The~ picture revealed that eight
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbull 1111iiI WMlRA CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERLY
traffic analysts or language analysts It
turns out that the other 428 people were in support (unctions such as administration traftic preprocessing maintenance and clerical Another 171 (or 40 percent) were in the training pipeline a tail that did not appear identiliable in the montJaly statiaticsuntil February 1948
(eoee The Britiehwith still fewer people to throw at (or pour into) the Soviet problem Ulan the Americans nonetheless increased their ante too The substantia growth rate oC59 percentin American etyptologic processing personnel was combined with 8 more impressive 71 percent rise in British cryptologiats dtdicated to processing the Soviet targe~ This gave an Anglo-Ameriean annual increase or 62 percent doubling the previous yeatl rate and cOn~g the amuing groWth (in the race o( general reduction or defenle forces oCboth countries) as the following ~hart shows
us
ocmberlH7
DeoonIber 1948
- A breakdown of these statistiand linguists will be presented
whe
addreued
COLLECTION (U)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
cs into the number ofcryp~naJyata traffic aDalystl n the contributions bytheBe individual skills are
IKO 13526 section 14(c)
(8 amp99) By April 1948 the United States had thirty-six Ar~vy field stAtiona located both stateside and overseas Britain operated __ and the
Lesa than a year later in January 1949 because oCvarious closings and the number of British operated sites had dropped by one to _
The US number was thirty-five - including one USAF aite (USA-45) (or (erret CoNMning ferret flights in 194amp a stripped down USAF 8-29 ferret reportedly
overflew Soviet Siberia on an lmost twenty-ho~-lonl reconnaissance mission from Alaska to Japan on 5 AU8Ust oni 8 AulUst the same aircraft reversed the rught path returnine to Alaska These two missions were repeated on 1 and 6 Septembermiddot
I I f I
TtUkintI and CoUection Reeei~ (UJI
(8888) A gJimpaeofUS intercept tasking for 1-15 October 1948 shows that ofWbull
documented US eollection positio~ 548 (or 67 percent) were tasked against Soviet Morse and radioprinter targets intercept positions were so tasked with
Jevied
(i ggO~ To show once again how statistics can be misleading however apparently not all or those tasked potitions w~re manned More elaborate statistics for Januuy 1949
18fiiG U
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
1
DOCID 3216~25 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14c) I GeO) In early 1948 British intemgenee authorities proposed collaboration with the United StAtes in electronic intelligence (iUNTJ or as it was then called el4lCb-onie reconnaislUce In the UK EWIT was upervised by the COKINT Board otthe LSIB In America however the military services contloIJed UNT with USCIB playing no part Nevertheless Captain Wenger in his last month the USClBs CJO was the recipient of th4I British request for collaboration in LINT Wenger called a meeting of all rv~ representatives to addre the iaaue Ultimatety the director of Intelligence USAF propoeed that the commanding pneral usAF Europe and the Us commander in ebief Mediterranean Fleet be allowed a imited ~ controlIeci exchange or raw informa~n (not analysis) with the British Alia recommended was that the overall joint superviion of the exchange be veampted in the Joint Chiel of Staff bull Prbullbullumably thbullbullbull rlCOmmendations were agreed to and for the time being USClB evidently played no turtherpartin Us ZUNT
(8eetO The good news for future writers and readers or cryptologic history wa founcl in a JLG announcement or 15 October that the secret title London Signal Intelligence
Centre (LSle) would be abolihed on 1 November 1948 with instructions that only GCHQ hould be used for an purpose there~rIII I
-1E---O--13-5--2--6-s-ec-t-io-n-l-4--(c-)-I
Continuatia1 of U
9 TQP ~A[1 UIRA
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLYPM 1 NI
liniater nRaeuoll they could IIOt raU to obaarve that tile partnenhip rel8mbled the eltluality ofthe
lIorbullbullncl-rebbi -oll4l rtooDeritS1 I-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-tl-middoto-n-l--4(-c-)---
(8Ie885 USCIB was also concerned with the increased risks to COMlNT security that went along with widning the base about COM(NT activities and was disturbed by implications of that there was a weakness somewhere in the existing chain of COMINT eCurityJOII2 No agreement was reached but negotiations would continue Formal letters between and Washington were exchanged throughout the fall and winter of 1948 slowly narrowin the differences between the two parties
(i ampQ~ Meanwhile working level liaison continued By 1948 USN lieutenant Max Gunn of CSAW to coordinate teehnical matters between Washingtcm and the pertaining to the eatablishmentand tOnstruction of radio intercept stations sa r-I-E-O--135-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
(10888) USCIB kept GCHQ informed a8 to the nature of materials being sent to bullbullbull For example UseIB provided GCHQ with a list of materils sent
other
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(fi amp8amp) The UJited State~ Com~unicati()na (ntel1ig~nee Coordinating Committee (Uscrcc) composed of senior cqptologic ofticials end subordinate to USCIBmiddot had been disinclined to aatisfy the British request without further explanation concerning
But Washington eventually acceded to Londons wilhes permitting
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
l8P 1Ii1T MBItA 10
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON fIItlMI_I EO13526 section 14(c)(d)
PERSONNEL RESOfRCES (U)
8888 Aa it would not be too mueh oran exalPra~on to state metaphorically that in 1947 Americana were thrown at the Soviet problem thus it i fair to add figuratively that in 1948 Americana were poured into the Soviet problem ASA cryptologic processinc manpower (ie not countinc collection personnel) dedicated to the Soviet tlrpt grew by 48 per~nt in 1948 COunterpart Navy personnel inereased a whopping 73 percent for an overall American rise lof 59 percent in 1948 This rate 01 increase was double the 1947 rate bull
I (E888) Available statistics or the total of ASA end CSAW personnel (ie including
personnel working n~n-Soviet targets) show that penonnei dedieated to the Soviet I
problem accounted or 27 percent in 1947 and 34 percent in 1948 atbe tota population at th two Washington cbMiNI centers As the fonowing chart shows too two thirds of all the Dew hires in 1948 ~re apparently assigned to the Soviet problem
I I
ASA Soviet C8AWsectovi~ Tpt1 Soviet TNtASAJ(jSAWPopulation
December 1947 434 241 675 December 1948 428 1078bull
ampee~ A careful review of the 8tatisti~ will show that wbile there were 1073 Americans8flsigned tothe Soviet prQblem in December 1948Qnly 657 were cryptanalysta
1) iibullbull UlRic
The~ picture revealed that eight
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbull 1111iiI WMlRA CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERLY
traffic analysts or language analysts It
turns out that the other 428 people were in support (unctions such as administration traftic preprocessing maintenance and clerical Another 171 (or 40 percent) were in the training pipeline a tail that did not appear identiliable in the montJaly statiaticsuntil February 1948
(eoee The Britiehwith still fewer people to throw at (or pour into) the Soviet problem Ulan the Americans nonetheless increased their ante too The substantia growth rate oC59 percentin American etyptologic processing personnel was combined with 8 more impressive 71 percent rise in British cryptologiats dtdicated to processing the Soviet targe~ This gave an Anglo-Ameriean annual increase or 62 percent doubling the previous yeatl rate and cOn~g the amuing groWth (in the race o( general reduction or defenle forces oCboth countries) as the following ~hart shows
us
ocmberlH7
DeoonIber 1948
- A breakdown of these statistiand linguists will be presented
whe
addreued
COLLECTION (U)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
cs into the number ofcryp~naJyata traffic aDalystl n the contributions bytheBe individual skills are
IKO 13526 section 14(c)
(8 amp99) By April 1948 the United States had thirty-six Ar~vy field stAtiona located both stateside and overseas Britain operated __ and the
Lesa than a year later in January 1949 because oCvarious closings and the number of British operated sites had dropped by one to _
The US number was thirty-five - including one USAF aite (USA-45) (or (erret CoNMning ferret flights in 194amp a stripped down USAF 8-29 ferret reportedly
overflew Soviet Siberia on an lmost twenty-ho~-lonl reconnaissance mission from Alaska to Japan on 5 AU8Ust oni 8 AulUst the same aircraft reversed the rught path returnine to Alaska These two missions were repeated on 1 and 6 Septembermiddot
I I f I
TtUkintI and CoUection Reeei~ (UJI
(8888) A gJimpaeofUS intercept tasking for 1-15 October 1948 shows that ofWbull
documented US eollection positio~ 548 (or 67 percent) were tasked against Soviet Morse and radioprinter targets intercept positions were so tasked with
Jevied
(i ggO~ To show once again how statistics can be misleading however apparently not all or those tasked potitions w~re manned More elaborate statistics for Januuy 1949
18fiiG U
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLYPM 1 NI
liniater nRaeuoll they could IIOt raU to obaarve that tile partnenhip rel8mbled the eltluality ofthe
lIorbullbullncl-rebbi -oll4l rtooDeritS1 I-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-tl-middoto-n-l--4(-c-)---
(8Ie885 USCIB was also concerned with the increased risks to COMlNT security that went along with widning the base about COM(NT activities and was disturbed by implications of that there was a weakness somewhere in the existing chain of COMINT eCurityJOII2 No agreement was reached but negotiations would continue Formal letters between and Washington were exchanged throughout the fall and winter of 1948 slowly narrowin the differences between the two parties
(i ampQ~ Meanwhile working level liaison continued By 1948 USN lieutenant Max Gunn of CSAW to coordinate teehnical matters between Washingtcm and the pertaining to the eatablishmentand tOnstruction of radio intercept stations sa r-I-E-O--135-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
(10888) USCIB kept GCHQ informed a8 to the nature of materials being sent to bullbullbull For example UseIB provided GCHQ with a list of materils sent
other
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(fi amp8amp) The UJited State~ Com~unicati()na (ntel1ig~nee Coordinating Committee (Uscrcc) composed of senior cqptologic ofticials end subordinate to USCIBmiddot had been disinclined to aatisfy the British request without further explanation concerning
But Washington eventually acceded to Londons wilhes permitting
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
l8P 1Ii1T MBItA 10
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON fIItlMI_I EO13526 section 14(c)(d)
PERSONNEL RESOfRCES (U)
8888 Aa it would not be too mueh oran exalPra~on to state metaphorically that in 1947 Americana were thrown at the Soviet problem thus it i fair to add figuratively that in 1948 Americana were poured into the Soviet problem ASA cryptologic processinc manpower (ie not countinc collection personnel) dedicated to the Soviet tlrpt grew by 48 per~nt in 1948 COunterpart Navy personnel inereased a whopping 73 percent for an overall American rise lof 59 percent in 1948 This rate 01 increase was double the 1947 rate bull
I (E888) Available statistics or the total of ASA end CSAW personnel (ie including
personnel working n~n-Soviet targets) show that penonnei dedieated to the Soviet I
problem accounted or 27 percent in 1947 and 34 percent in 1948 atbe tota population at th two Washington cbMiNI centers As the fonowing chart shows too two thirds of all the Dew hires in 1948 ~re apparently assigned to the Soviet problem
I I
ASA Soviet C8AWsectovi~ Tpt1 Soviet TNtASAJ(jSAWPopulation
December 1947 434 241 675 December 1948 428 1078bull
ampee~ A careful review of the 8tatisti~ will show that wbile there were 1073 Americans8flsigned tothe Soviet prQblem in December 1948Qnly 657 were cryptanalysta
1) iibullbull UlRic
The~ picture revealed that eight
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbull 1111iiI WMlRA CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERLY
traffic analysts or language analysts It
turns out that the other 428 people were in support (unctions such as administration traftic preprocessing maintenance and clerical Another 171 (or 40 percent) were in the training pipeline a tail that did not appear identiliable in the montJaly statiaticsuntil February 1948
(eoee The Britiehwith still fewer people to throw at (or pour into) the Soviet problem Ulan the Americans nonetheless increased their ante too The substantia growth rate oC59 percentin American etyptologic processing personnel was combined with 8 more impressive 71 percent rise in British cryptologiats dtdicated to processing the Soviet targe~ This gave an Anglo-Ameriean annual increase or 62 percent doubling the previous yeatl rate and cOn~g the amuing groWth (in the race o( general reduction or defenle forces oCboth countries) as the following ~hart shows
us
ocmberlH7
DeoonIber 1948
- A breakdown of these statistiand linguists will be presented
whe
addreued
COLLECTION (U)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
cs into the number ofcryp~naJyata traffic aDalystl n the contributions bytheBe individual skills are
IKO 13526 section 14(c)
(8 amp99) By April 1948 the United States had thirty-six Ar~vy field stAtiona located both stateside and overseas Britain operated __ and the
Lesa than a year later in January 1949 because oCvarious closings and the number of British operated sites had dropped by one to _
The US number was thirty-five - including one USAF aite (USA-45) (or (erret CoNMning ferret flights in 194amp a stripped down USAF 8-29 ferret reportedly
overflew Soviet Siberia on an lmost twenty-ho~-lonl reconnaissance mission from Alaska to Japan on 5 AU8Ust oni 8 AulUst the same aircraft reversed the rught path returnine to Alaska These two missions were repeated on 1 and 6 Septembermiddot
I I f I
TtUkintI and CoUection Reeei~ (UJI
(8888) A gJimpaeofUS intercept tasking for 1-15 October 1948 shows that ofWbull
documented US eollection positio~ 548 (or 67 percent) were tasked against Soviet Morse and radioprinter targets intercept positions were so tasked with
Jevied
(i ggO~ To show once again how statistics can be misleading however apparently not all or those tasked potitions w~re manned More elaborate statistics for Januuy 1949
18fiiG U
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON fIItlMI_I EO13526 section 14(c)(d)
PERSONNEL RESOfRCES (U)
8888 Aa it would not be too mueh oran exalPra~on to state metaphorically that in 1947 Americana were thrown at the Soviet problem thus it i fair to add figuratively that in 1948 Americana were poured into the Soviet problem ASA cryptologic processinc manpower (ie not countinc collection personnel) dedicated to the Soviet tlrpt grew by 48 per~nt in 1948 COunterpart Navy personnel inereased a whopping 73 percent for an overall American rise lof 59 percent in 1948 This rate 01 increase was double the 1947 rate bull
I (E888) Available statistics or the total of ASA end CSAW personnel (ie including
personnel working n~n-Soviet targets) show that penonnei dedieated to the Soviet I
problem accounted or 27 percent in 1947 and 34 percent in 1948 atbe tota population at th two Washington cbMiNI centers As the fonowing chart shows too two thirds of all the Dew hires in 1948 ~re apparently assigned to the Soviet problem
I I
ASA Soviet C8AWsectovi~ Tpt1 Soviet TNtASAJ(jSAWPopulation
December 1947 434 241 675 December 1948 428 1078bull
ampee~ A careful review of the 8tatisti~ will show that wbile there were 1073 Americans8flsigned tothe Soviet prQblem in December 1948Qnly 657 were cryptanalysta
1) iibullbull UlRic
The~ picture revealed that eight
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbull 1111iiI WMlRA CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERLY
traffic analysts or language analysts It
turns out that the other 428 people were in support (unctions such as administration traftic preprocessing maintenance and clerical Another 171 (or 40 percent) were in the training pipeline a tail that did not appear identiliable in the montJaly statiaticsuntil February 1948
(eoee The Britiehwith still fewer people to throw at (or pour into) the Soviet problem Ulan the Americans nonetheless increased their ante too The substantia growth rate oC59 percentin American etyptologic processing personnel was combined with 8 more impressive 71 percent rise in British cryptologiats dtdicated to processing the Soviet targe~ This gave an Anglo-Ameriean annual increase or 62 percent doubling the previous yeatl rate and cOn~g the amuing groWth (in the race o( general reduction or defenle forces oCboth countries) as the following ~hart shows
us
ocmberlH7
DeoonIber 1948
- A breakdown of these statistiand linguists will be presented
whe
addreued
COLLECTION (U)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
cs into the number ofcryp~naJyata traffic aDalystl n the contributions bytheBe individual skills are
IKO 13526 section 14(c)
(8 amp99) By April 1948 the United States had thirty-six Ar~vy field stAtiona located both stateside and overseas Britain operated __ and the
Lesa than a year later in January 1949 because oCvarious closings and the number of British operated sites had dropped by one to _
The US number was thirty-five - including one USAF aite (USA-45) (or (erret CoNMning ferret flights in 194amp a stripped down USAF 8-29 ferret reportedly
overflew Soviet Siberia on an lmost twenty-ho~-lonl reconnaissance mission from Alaska to Japan on 5 AU8Ust oni 8 AulUst the same aircraft reversed the rught path returnine to Alaska These two missions were repeated on 1 and 6 Septembermiddot
I I f I
TtUkintI and CoUection Reeei~ (UJI
(8888) A gJimpaeofUS intercept tasking for 1-15 October 1948 shows that ofWbull
documented US eollection positio~ 548 (or 67 percent) were tasked against Soviet Morse and radioprinter targets intercept positions were so tasked with
Jevied
(i ggO~ To show once again how statistics can be misleading however apparently not all or those tasked potitions w~re manned More elaborate statistics for Januuy 1949
18fiiG U
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
The~ picture revealed that eight
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbull 1111iiI WMlRA CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERLY
traffic analysts or language analysts It
turns out that the other 428 people were in support (unctions such as administration traftic preprocessing maintenance and clerical Another 171 (or 40 percent) were in the training pipeline a tail that did not appear identiliable in the montJaly statiaticsuntil February 1948
(eoee The Britiehwith still fewer people to throw at (or pour into) the Soviet problem Ulan the Americans nonetheless increased their ante too The substantia growth rate oC59 percentin American etyptologic processing personnel was combined with 8 more impressive 71 percent rise in British cryptologiats dtdicated to processing the Soviet targe~ This gave an Anglo-Ameriean annual increase or 62 percent doubling the previous yeatl rate and cOn~g the amuing groWth (in the race o( general reduction or defenle forces oCboth countries) as the following ~hart shows
us
ocmberlH7
DeoonIber 1948
- A breakdown of these statistiand linguists will be presented
whe
addreued
COLLECTION (U)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
cs into the number ofcryp~naJyata traffic aDalystl n the contributions bytheBe individual skills are
IKO 13526 section 14(c)
(8 amp99) By April 1948 the United States had thirty-six Ar~vy field stAtiona located both stateside and overseas Britain operated __ and the
Lesa than a year later in January 1949 because oCvarious closings and the number of British operated sites had dropped by one to _
The US number was thirty-five - including one USAF aite (USA-45) (or (erret CoNMning ferret flights in 194amp a stripped down USAF 8-29 ferret reportedly
overflew Soviet Siberia on an lmost twenty-ho~-lonl reconnaissance mission from Alaska to Japan on 5 AU8Ust oni 8 AulUst the same aircraft reversed the rught path returnine to Alaska These two missions were repeated on 1 and 6 Septembermiddot
I I f I
TtUkintI and CoUection Reeei~ (UJI
(8888) A gJimpaeofUS intercept tasking for 1-15 October 1948 shows that ofWbull
documented US eollection positio~ 548 (or 67 percent) were tasked against Soviet Morse and radioprinter targets intercept positions were so tasked with
Jevied
(i ggO~ To show once again how statistics can be misleading however apparently not all or those tasked potitions w~re manned More elaborate statistics for Januuy 1949
18fiiG U
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 BIYONOBOI1R8ON er leebullbullMMI
indicated that or874 US intemtpt terminals installed only 312 were manned Accepting the manned rJiUl8 as a more BACurate reflection of reality extrapolation would suggest that oCtile 648 terminal ta81Jed against the Soviet UiUon only ~bout 233were mGMeelso ~ lhi8 number (233) compares favorably with the 196 manned terminals tasked against the P Soviet Union in 194151 Min 1947 probably about one third of the more widespread ~ British intereept terminals which numbered in 1947 weA tasked against Soviet ~ tupts in 194851 ~~
CO ~
tampeee) Soviet collection statistics vary widely in 1948 depending on the source amp Rowlett reported an average of almost _ messages per month being inte~ sect US stations during 1947111 Another study reported an October 1949 total Of _ Soviet messages$lt Therefore by those 1947 and 1949 figuAs US E collection apparently averqed mt888geamp a month includina Q
plaintext traffic in 1948 This ranee of numbers appears consistent with the given
(see LANGUAGE PROCESSING section) statistics for the number of -plainmiddot language messages scanneel per month in 1948 of
~
(8e88) rn February 1948 Captain Wenger in his last month as CJO forwarded to P USCIB a statement of intercept terminal requirements whkh presented an excellent ~ picture o( the state of development ofcollection including apinst the Soviet target For ~ example it had been determined that an average ohix persons was required to staBeach terminal inelucting intercept maintenance and communications support Additional radioprinter intercept terminals were deemed essential Moreover all Morse intercept terminals needed to be retrofitted with frequency shift converters to allow collection as well asmiddot
assistance16
(80eeOS Washin~ informed London in March that a newly GpeDed intercept station on _ would include Soviet military communications in ita tasking58 One of ABAs analytic branches uried~ its superiors in April to downgrade the classification opound Soviet
from Top Secret Cocleword to Secret Codeword arguing that it is esseratial be available to t~e intercept station in order that aceurate identification ean be ma~e by the station7 rl=E=O==13==526=se=c=tio=-n-l--74(-=-C-=-)I
U amp88) The US tJd primarily onthe British (or intercept cover of Sctviet tulets [n (act the new CJO Colonel Hayel estimated in 1948 that 65-70 percent of all Soviet raw traJrlC still eame (rom British 8Ourees July however ASA was acquiring its own collection eapabilities
All sites were Un(SerllllallneiCi
13 18r iiMIIU
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 Ta IlIA M CRYPTOLOQIC QtJARTDL Y
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
were being trained as rapidly as possible The_were authorized a total of positions but had only ins~ned a~ onloperatora trained Soviet Morse
and printer links were prominent among the tasked targets5I 8y September one or the ASA atationa was concentrating on intercept ot Soviet low-leveJ ctivitynee
~ Morse signals were intercepted by the British emanating from the ~lack Sea in July CCHQ believed the signals were part of a Soviet naval exercise involving five major mobile surface unita a group ofup to nine submarines and five air writs under the direction or Black Sea Fleet Naval Air headquarters and the commander in chief Black Sea Fleetmiddotl
In Mareh 1948 Captain Wenger chief Op-20-2 at CSAW submitted to Rear Admiral Earl E Stene wno was the cbief Op20 the Office of Naval Communications for his signature a memonndum [or the Chief of Naval Intelligence W reported that
had been made and the following information was ri~I-~middot
__TrwtIm~(V) I
In October 1948 CSAW reported that
IEObull3526 section 14(c) tel lee tlM1tt 14
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCyengt 3216525 REF IDA3216525
I
i BEYOND BOURBON 11111 1M
I i I EO 13526 section 14(c)
i
CRYPfANALYSIS (U)
(fi 888) For the rust time since the startoithe BOURBON project the number otpeople in a particular career rleld fell albeit by only 48 pereent Nevertheless the decrease in
the number of American cryptanalyst working the Soviet target from 269 in December 1941 to 256 by Decem~r 1948 is significant and symbolic particularly in licht or the 59 percent mere8 in people working the Soviet target generally This downturn or course
W8I a consequeneeoftliebullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull I
1amp e8M Thi$ sm411 drop in American rellOuree8 was swept away by a 40 percent incre888 in British cryptanalyats dedicated to the Soviet problem pving an overall Allied growth in cryptanalY8~ 07 percent aa shown in the following chart
us ncmber 1941 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Dteember 1948
us 1or )I tlMI
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlQLQGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
Tar SIYMII 16
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON Tep JMtElUiilbRA1 EO 13526 section l4(c)(d) I
COLBRlDGB Replac by ALBATROSS lilt Not (or LanfI (U)
leifYIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 irwM CllYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY Imiddot
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
18
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) BEYOND BOURBON IfMIFefM_
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8P SfIIlf lIIMllIIIi EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
8 amptRiT MI 20
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON II eMI1Olt
POCODA Unar the WeatIlfr (UJ I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
21 18P1ECRIZ WIP
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le III MiRa CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TOR cur WMIA 22
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONOBOURBON IP ii_iT UII EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) Imiddot
IBM RAil AppUcatiGnt (III
23 TIP ampiiRlif MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 bullbulllii MI CRypTOLOGICQUARTERLY I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
esplonage were aclrIl(Jlwlltdllted
CSA W in an internal memorandum concluded that the most probable cause was normal development ofSoviet security program requiring nO apecifie knowledge of US or British COMINT successes (or its basic motivation but quite probably hutened by deductions based on externa1 evidence which is necessarily susceptible to their ohlervationa 140
(8888) The issue surfaced at a USCIB mee~g in November where its membera cliacuSied thepoasible reasons the ~vie Firat t~-E-O-I-3-52-6--t--1-4(-)- sec Ion CBoard renewed a letter on the 8U~ect rec~dved from LSIB It otTered four poasibilities (l)L----------~J preparation (or war (2) methodical drive to improve communication security (3) temporary pulling oft the air to improve defects and (4) reaction to a teak London ruled out the first possibility but could not confirm or deny the last three 1M
(8 888) Next the chiefs of the technical agencies (ie ASA and CSAW) Colonel Hay and Captain Weuger weremiddotaued theirviewa Interestingly they disagreed as to the causes Colonel Hayes was strongly inclined toward the belief that leakase of information had been the primry cause Captain Wenger believed that further development in the Soviet ecuri~y program was the mOlt probable motivating factor although none [of the other poll8ibilitiell could be definitely ruled out USCIB decided to refer the problem to its committee on security for itudy and tD malte recommendations or actionIt
(888e) The iaaue was first ~dressed at a meeting olUSCIBs Security Committee on I
21 December 194amp The participants agreed to proceed on the assumption of Soviet ~ntration ofAllied COMINT8u~es and c1raft a report accordingly r-E-O-1-3-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l--4(-c-)--
(8 eeen At the second meeting on January 1949 the ru-It draft waa macushd Recommendations were to compartment
18aET lAc 24
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 ~EYONDBOlJRBON TIP lIIifI
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(9 CQ~ On 11 January 1949 the Security Committee submitted to USCIB itt report citinamp the following facts bearing on amphe problem -1-E-O--13-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)(-d-)
DIlIinc 1948 the ftUIIiatII ~ varioUII ___v colllJlluicatiGII aeclUi) mebullbullllra die
IUIOIII fOl WbicII4lUDOamp N but lUcia could hay ru1rec1lrom ledoI
(i g9~ Accordingly the committee submitted a drait USCIB Directive No4 (approved on 14 January 19(9) which assumed a leak and took measures to reduce the damage otfuture betrayals It reaffU1Ded the needmiddotto-know principle for the processing agencies directing that producers of each COMINTfield ampnd tuk shall be sequestered and eompartmented from other operations to the greatest extent praetieable without undue detriment to ampbe operational etTteiencyand effediveness and reports ni progress in each general field of COWINT effort shall be separate from similar reports covering odler fields Secondly it directed or produCl18 and consumers alike that amp COMINT clearance arid indoctrination did not entitle one to receive COMINT from all fields and tasks or even aJl COMINTCrom anyone field or task unless he [or she] specifieally requires it Moreover a COMINT clearance hall not be regarded as entitling [one] to receive detailed information on the specific technical Successes and processes whieb have led to ita production111
(i ggQI GCHQ came aboard in April 1949 when the Allies agreed that added seCurity would be obtained by the eomplete separation of work on non-lussian from that on Russian exeluding the early atages of intereept intercept control and traffic handling but incorporating wall phases of tramc analysis cryptanalysis translation publication evaluation distribution dissemination intellipnce appreeiation within bodl the proceasing and con~lImer agencies and exchange of ihtormation between the technical apnaes USCIB rejected the recommendation to use a subsidiary eodeword to distinguish the R usiari material from other COMINT l52
l
=(N89) The wisdom ot the operating assumption (a leak) and these acti0l18 was confirmed a rew years later At leasL two Soviet spies were subsequently determined to have known that the Allies were achieving some success in reading Soviet cryptollystems One waR Kim Philby who worked for Britains MIS and was a COMlNT customer orat least GCHQs product reportS I The other was William Weisband who worked for ABA as a Russian linguist during the mid- to late 19406 and though not convicted of lPying per set was strongly suspected of being a Soviet agent1M Either both could have an4 pbably
did blow the whiamptle onlt~e Allied succelssellj
25 Te IIIlT MMbullbull
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
11CfJ
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 yer 11_WM CRYPlOLOOIC QUARTERLY
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS (U)
By the tDd of 1948 the Allied trafisc analysis work force dedicated to the remained conliderably smaller than the eonesponding cryptanalytic work
but wu amprowini faster (by about 47 pereent per ye8r a oppoaed to 7 percent) nUmDer of American traffic analysts on the Soviet problem actually increaeed 50 percent in 1948 with the growth in British trafiIC anaJysbi ereater than 43 pe~nt u the followin( chart ahoWl
us
E8 888) While uadolbtedly aU the analytic career f1elda played their part in the DlOre aophiaticated COMJNT analysis of Soviet military organizational developments and capabilities it wa the tr~ analYlLili reports that often reflected such IItridet
fir il 26
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IF 111Il In ~I
I EO 13526 section 14(c)
27 S ltRe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TI I bullbull MI
EO 13526 section L4(c)(d)
e analys~ An example of the natura] tension healthy ifheld within reason between tratnc
ia and cryptanalysis surfaced in at ABA [t aeem that one of the traffic
reported that rad J)UI)lllIleU a memorandum Cor the
record -to reaffirm the validity of Trame Analysis techniques based on traftac now and volumes (uopposed to the Traffic Analysis techniques already eompietely eonfirmed) and to place in [the Traffic Analysis sections) internal records an interesting item not published formally ~112
fi amp88 Traffic analysts a~ GCHQ also ~omplained in April about insufficient collection ofcertain targets
III almo8t all CUIIlI bull it will be _AUlamptncb Iyfampetn ie partly III cDmpletely appreciaCed but tile fIllI
cletaiJl can not b plOdlWld 1gteQu or tack or interClpte4 data Thw tack w ue both 0 incomplete
coval and to IcIw activity OD part olthe link AltboUCh Rneatch is mainiy lIIIdefied ill ezpoaiDt a
IJIM1Il itnevriheleM eppreciat that u8icientdata mUlt exit to make the -WIJI operatioaally
uaetalllS
I EO13526 section 14(c) I 28Te iiibullbullbull MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON 8 IIbullbull 1111I EO 13526 section 14(c)
___CCHQ made more headway into the existine May Concerning the Soviet military in general GCHQ cited two important discoveries which wili prllduce operational Intelligence dates The first was the understanding of and the aecond was the
29 URIWMIIY
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOICQUARTERLY ~_________---fer 181MIM
I tO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
o ~
T iiibullbull HUI 30
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 8YONDBOUUON TMSARUPPI EO 13526 section l4(c)(d)
31 bullbullbull 11bullbull liMa
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 TOP SECRET UMiRA
LANGUAGE PROCE~SING (U)
Prom CryptolinguUtlca to P~crin lAnguag (UJ
(S QQQI In 1945 the Russian linguist work forcemiddot in America was the smallest of the three primary career filde (the other two being cryptanalysis and traffic analysis)
I
involedin proceS8ing Sovietcol~ection By 1948 it was in second place and climbing Cast The number of ASA andCSAW language analysts grew by 131 percent during 1948 overbilling the traftu analysis work force and closing in on the cryptanalytic personnel atrensth devoted to the Soviet target falling a Limited IIQnill~ll~ available for
I EO13526 section 14(c)(d) 32
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOlJRBON T8P iRSlUiT WIA
resources dedicated to the Soviet target grew by 76 percent in 1948 a8 the followins chart shows
us
~Dlberl947 101 233 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
i ggo Excellent Itatistici are available for ASAs plain lancuare effort during 1948 Actually berin~1 in Deeember i947 with sixteen Russian linguists dedicated to the plain lan(Wlle effor ASA acquired trained and assigned on average eight additional Russian lineuiais per mOnth throughout 1948 endihi the year with 111 (see Appeadb)1111 ASA took steps in September to exceed even this number in part by starting an intensive aix-month Russianlanpage training coune inSeptember with tbirty-one studenta1fO
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
middot33
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPlOLOGIC qUARTBRLY
IEO 13526 section 14(c) f8 8f1QJ CSA W had thirty~ne Russian linguists in December 1941 and eilIhtyone
doinc lanpap work by ~mbir 1948 an annual growth rate of 261 percent While CSA W likely allocated a substantial number or RUSsian linguists to plaintext worlr it apparently did not (as ASA did) during 1948 what portion ofits growing linguist population was and how many were working the plain lanpce tarellt (In RU88ian linguists doing plain language work but amphis time its total Russian language force was not given)lH
~ That CSA W linguists were working the plaintext problem there is no doubt becaU18 the number of messages scanned and translated there was inapreflSive as the following statisticI show
l4Wwxur
MtY 1846
oeembtr 19 MaY~fM1
March 1
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
f8 amp9Q) GCHQs Ryder Street plain language (IIOup was stin aclive in February 1948 Lieutenant Colonel Wilham G Bartlett (downgraded in rank from colonel like many oUter officers after Worid War 11) SUSLO LOndon informed Washinrton in February that Mr Arthur W ampnsan who as Sir Arthur would serve aa director ofGCHQ from 1913 to would be relieved in April by John Beaumont waa considering sending Bonsaltto the States after hia reliefto discuss the Ru~sian civil plain language problem Ut
I
II iGOi In March about f~urteen months after the rlrst American visit (US Navy commander Granl Manson tne lfirllt SUSLO London visited the Ryder Street facility on 31 December 1946) a Fint Li~utenant Frederic J Bright US Army II new SUSLO London staftQfJlCer paid a visit to GCHQs Soiiietlainmiddotlanguage operation on Ryder Street London (GCHQ organizational designator
Gil iGQ) A few weeks lat~r Lieutenant Bright alerted Washineton to GCHQs proposal for a conference He e~plined tbu GCHQs director Sir Edward W Travis had first planned to lend a party to Washington to diseuss the plain lanluage issue but changed Ii mind Now he was-goin8 to Bend Washington a complete report on both the intercept and the processing of tJt traffic then call for a conference to be held in London this ummel to diseuse tne problem2oo
f8 888) The very next 1 2 April Travia writing ror the chairman of LSIB sent a formal memorandum to the chaihnan USCIB (Rear Admiral Thomas BlngUs US Navy
TI llbullbullbull M 34
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON IOj seaMI
director Naval InteUipnce) on the lubjeet of our li~ited effort on Russian Plain Tan traffic [which] has produced moat important informatiOn The memor~um e~ concern over British 10ae of iDformation resultinl from lack oC JD8npowar and limitation on collection Travis also mentioned that a report or a survey GCHQ made on the problem was eneloed He thereupon rormally proposed a joint British-US effort with detail to be diacU88ed at a special conferenee to be held in London~
unwanted material Inlli wrote LSIB on 3 June 1948 that the British plan was acceptable to USCI8 It would be approved at the London Conference ZOII
i 9i8~ The GCHQ survey torwarded to Wasbinpn by Travis in April came in two parta beginning wiih Enclosure A a general description or the target
rJ
(8 amp88) Enclosure B OtGCHQs survey provided a detailed hiatoryotBritiaheftotw against Soviet plain text including the following suggestion oC the origillal size or the Ryder Street operation British exploitation of Russiart plainmiddottext as an entity began in September 1946 in a section or_persons n suggestjng the original size of the Ryder Streetoperation204 Lastly this enclosure contained OCHQs proposal for expanded exchange
8881 Labile- in April 1948 Colonel Hayes onte again the CJO informed USCIB that ABA and eSAW had agreed on a plan to coordinate their exploitation of Russian Plain Language Processing which would maximize production and minimize duplication otefforttOt
35 l8P [(ampREf YMIRt
~ -i
=o-rJmiddot ~ I-l
c ~ ~ -i
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fe IIIRII MMIM CItYPlOLOGIC QJ]AItTEIt[Y
eampeee) In May OCHQ forwarded to Washington another study which amOI18 other
thinp asseued their plain-~lU8ge dart I EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
(~eee) In June Frank Rowlett who was still chief ASAs Operations Division sent a package of write-ups on the Allied plain language program to Lieutenant Bright in London One was the write-up on the ASA RWUlian Plain Text Unit previously promised YOIl It was delayed longer than I had anticipated Another in the package was a copy of the British plopo$aJs-
e88tn Preparations for the London Coruerenee continued Speaking poundOr SUSLO London and perhapa also for GCHQ Lieutenant Bright informed Rowlett and CoIol81 Haybullbull in July that he con~ered the AsA wri~up comprehensiYe covering the r18ld yery well He also reportedtha- the Ryder Street office was verypleaaed with the formal USClB proposalsso that the work of that confeence committee should be greatly implified-
eee The Lo~don Conference produced one revised appendix p)usa new one on the SoYiet plaln-lanlUae effort Appendix B was revised 80 that tne security and diXDinamption regulations applied to Soviet raClll0t81fIJPM1ne
Pkrin Tat Tl-ln to Radio-Telephone Activity (U) EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I
(iJ 88f GCHQ an early
fep liMIT ~MM 36
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
Janple inlormaUoD derived or JUlW airfield
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON
EO 13526 section 14( c)( d)
SIGINT REPORTING (tl)
~(rl)
(8amp) In 1948 COWINT reportin or as it was more commonly called then dimination wu the responsibility et ASA or the Information and Docu1Jlenu Branch (CSGAS-96) At CSAW it was the Information Division (ND Each unit received finished OOMINl rrom the crypCanelyt1c and traffic analysis section and passed it on to authorized consumers Publihed translationa (bllletins) prepared in II lonnal standardized by the
CJOs subordinate Joint PrOC$uing Allocation Group (JPAG) wu the principal meana or
reporting COMlN All Soviet OOIDNT was published in a special series All bulletins were exchanpd nth OCHQ who in turn forwarded copies of all its bulletins to ASA and CSAWI1
fl 11amp Moat significantly C()MIN1 consumers in 1948 aequired the right of ~ to virtually raw trailic Ir--E-O--13-5-2-6--se-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c)-(-d)---
111 adclition to ~iviDl publilhed blllletiDl the ~11IDr IlDIieI were lJgwed to obaiD
_ ampDC other 1VlftniIhe4 COMINT procluctll ~I) for the fulfillment of thei miuiII~ alld to place ladoctriaate4 repr_lIaUvu withill COMINT producin Ntlou Tbebullbull
arl1lft bull -entaweuMDCLoDII4 by USCIB on 27 April 1948 iD coMlClion with a rllQuut by the CIA
lOr fWler a_to CONINT tctivitiand I made applicahle to all USCIJJ III The elllRt
(teple- of CONINT produetl an irdbrmaUOtl to be madt ampvWable couJd no~ be laid dowa in
advancl bllamp bad to be leA to the judgment otthe individual IOIIIIII-ra214
t8 88tJ) Thia USCIB sanction was probably unsettling to COMINT producers but ita ramUlCatioDs irany did not appear in the cryptologic archival record for 194amp Perhaps there waa no problem at the time the COMINT agencies were reportinB all the technical deiaila anyway
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
tamp ampamp8) The distinction between what are today called technical reporting and product reportlng was in 1~ stin not clearly defined As in the three previoul years 1948 reportt intended the COMINT customers til) contained much technical uuor~tion~r~wiIDdlllIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI names The
tamp ampii) That said ~ Allied eJyptolo~c agencies produced a great volume 01 teehnical reports on ijleSoviet target in 1948 On the American8id under the banner 01
S7 F MI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 e middotseel8_ CRYProLOOIC QUARTERLY
the JPAG veralleries 01 essentially technical reports were published One or these was ofcoune the US Monthly Status Report under the CJOs signature whieh summarized virtually everything the US processed dur~ng the month Each monthly was an enormous document always well over 100 legal-size pages containing the numbers of each agencys pencinnel (by eateer field) processing and machine applieations and highlights plan bullbull a cryptopphie summary a traff1t analysis summary then detailed information ofevery speeifu foreign cryptographic system under aWdy The Soviet portion itselfaveraged twenty-five to thirty pages every month Ir-E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-c-ti-o-n-l-4-(-c-)
Interim Reports every year copies to Ii distribution or at Je8st sis and
sometimu as many as fourteen internal and rnJlI eleDletlLts technical ror the COMINT COInmiunlty
t8t888) Exceptions to theae purely teChnical reports included the sanitized SECRET noncode~orcl weekly CSAW-proclueed OPmiddot20-NT-l Russian Traffic Informationmiddot Summary period 2 throulh 8 February 1948= which read not surprisingly like a weekly intelligence ~ummary otSOviet naval and naval air activiLy and includedthe commanders in chief PacifIC and Atlantic Fleets on the distribution page ASAs special report ~Abnormal Water Lev~la of the Danube River System - included the Special Research Branch o( MID on distribution Clearly these were in ertect product reports lumped in what wal generally a teltlhniC1-1 reporting series
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
QiS As in 1946 and 1947 ASAandCSAW continued to publish based product reports in the RU Series 5 x 8 inch cards and tlatfic analytically derived COMINT in tM V-TAP Series reports- What was new in US product reporting in 1948 was the plain-language reporting (see following page)
CQ) As had been dorle sinee 1945 US cryptologie agencies continued to include technical details such as the in aU reporta ~ting a securit~ hazard that was not oddreB8ed unti11949 when the creation o( the Consolidated Information Dissemination Office or CONSIDO was proposed SJ1d Mt
er lien 8MI 38
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND SOORBON IP liM ~ufttI
not olued until later CONSIOOdesigneci to tiafy the recognized need to centralize the evaluation and (ol1o-on diaaemination on CONlNT was never eatabJishedmiddot
(8 CCQ) InJanuary 19-8 USCIB established a aUmiddotPLAI reporting series for Russian Plainmiddot Language Analysis Items wbieh would be made upopound
individual lMllUfatiolll or orpailStirma involved in eeonomie etiviti their tau locatioN
luhorclinatiDD peqonaJili9l and acdvlt4a deri from he aaalia or 1iD Ult DI bullbull
mteneptedon vuio1ll coDll2lUCial radio cin1Ii1a ortht USSR The date giveD at tha rirht iI tbt lut
appataac of tIta idaDampificaUiD me The ltelllt will to prOvide tWItJontl
infortnatioll 011 bull CWrent tibia to lupplement atUliin of the more itnpo1taJlt lIIiniairi and
diledOrateaofUle USSltU1
~Apparently ASA produced thbullbullbull plain language reports in a joint etTort with the US Army Military Intellirence Division (MID) aa each report was annotatad Prep by
--_________--1ASA ID The flfst substantive report produced on 5 x 8 inch cards looked like thil2st
39 WI iilSRIifYMl1IA
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 CRYPTOLOGICQUARTERLY
~ ~
vt ~ fl
I~ ~
~ Between 9 January 1948 and the end of the year ASA ~UUIJ Depite the fac th activities in Soviet atomic
What the RJIIlAI reports did however was bring bome to ~he COllllmiLmity the enormous and breadth or C8ntralizationot the Soviet
euatom Ule of Sovtet COMlNT(U) I EO13526 section 14(c) I
E8 888) Customers otcourSe combined COMIhT with other intelligence sources and produced daily and weekly The rMrl~mn
The Army published Military Digestlikely containing much Soviet COMINT and the Navy published a report atrlcUy addressing the Soviet target called the Soviet Intelligence Summary which was probably based on Op20-NTa weekly summaries Of eou~e all agencies published special reports as well
18it MlRA 40
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF ID A3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TO EIiSlif WII
liHtUft Repcrrtfnf EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
MISCBLLANBOU~ bull
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
41 18 leHf MIIt1
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 r Ii bullbull CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTBRLY
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
CONCLUSION (U) I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
TiP ampWMI 42
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 B8YOHDBOURBON N 1111fMille
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
(G QQ8) American and Britiah eryptoJogists certainly could not eomplain about Iaek oCbuman teeource support in 1948 lbe Soviet problem received more new ~in 1948 than tbere were worldna the target in Janwuy 1946 approximately~ the Atlantic GCHQs human lt8OWces dedieatecl to Soviet cryptologic procening roN a whoJlPinl 71 percent in 1948 In other words Allied cryptolopsts praceing Soviet communications targets increased almost fourfold lrom_in three years
(8t88fij All these analllta needed traffic to work on and Al1ied collectors responded American collection eapabilities improved as the numbers of itllalled intercept poaitioDl
cshy
~
= tCgt
~ IS
N Ifl Il
increased and as much as threeftlld
(Ii QQIIij Foreshadowing furure reaJmiddottime support tbe forwarding of intercept of selected Soviet military alrcraft acheduling informetion was reduced in 1948 to within a few hours
Mi 888) The Allies recopized the potentiel intelligence contribution to be derived tro~ Soviet p1ainlan~e exploitation revised the DRUSA Agreement to incorporate 1Uleesaampr1 chanps in ttle partnership and exehanae and the US in particular increased the IanlfUare work force 131 percent in one years time
tamp 18) COr-lINTtePorting on the Soviet -problem continued at a put rata in 1948 not surpriaina liven the Iarae number of Still important wu the souree o( the COY1N1 with Iittl eoneern shown for trietina the eustomer ampcCe amp0 all the COM1NT technical production eetail like cue notations frequencies etc
EO 13526 section 14(C)(4)
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPIOLOGIC QUARTEIUY
EPILOGUE (U)
tli1il88) While it lIlay have seemed premature in 1945 the apparently u~hallenged decbion by Allied cryptologie officials to make the Soviet Union the number one target clearly had to be _n as a liOuM selection by the end ot 194amp Nowhere in the bistorietLt nICOrd couJd be found someone in authority writing We are going to tarltt t~ Soviet Union because Rather the fact or targeting the USSR seemed a foregone co~lu8ion AU available historieal correspondence and there is mueh or it both US internal and euhangesbetween Great Britain and AmeriC8 addressed in enormous detail not wlampetMr but ntially Mil) beat to exploit the communica~ions or the Soviet Union At least trom hindsipt the decisionseema prescient Although knowledgeable officials understood that in World War II the partnership with the Soviet Union wafllimited to an antimiddotHitlerian alliance ladtingthe potitkal social and eultural bindings that tied together Great Britain and the United St4tes it seems uncanny that by 1948 Stalinist Russia had emerged a~ the arch Cold War
wan the maturation of So-iet traft1e the substantially enlarged Russian linguist work (orce the expanded collection and processing eapabitities all put A11ied eryptologists on a sound footing for the future And a bit more scary the future was The first Soviet tomie bomb was exploded in 1949 M~reover in 1949 the capitalized expression Cold War became for the fitst year in hlsioiy an entry in the FactB on Fik index and the term Soviet bloc becanle common In partial reaponse to the emergence of the SOviet bloc the Wetern Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Also in 1949 eleven American Communist leaders were convictedon eonspiraey eharges
(8 888) And of coune as all Agency personnel know who have been around tor twenty to thirty years the Sovie~ target came to dominate until the 19909 the Aencys
rot StCAET tiMe
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYONDBOUUON TOP ampfIlMI
budcet in terms of personnel collection systems (driving requirements lor all oYerbead allets) procesaing and reporting systems AlthoUCh the establiahment of the National mCINT OparalionsCenter (NSOC) wu liven final impetus by the North Korean heotdown othe US Navy EC-121 in 1969 Group A was alwaYi the muiOI player in real-time SlCINT support at least until the fall of the Berlin Wall The clOling of many Service Cryptolocic Element field stations occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet U Ilion
(8 888) A reader might ask if in fset tbe BOURBON project had been such Ii lucceu what was wrong with having two or even three American COMINT agencies coonfiaating their Hparate and inde~ndent processing tasks Thomas Burnss OrigiM of1M NatitJ1IG1 SeWity Agncyl940-1952 answers that question in detail In briel the aeparaa COMlNT operation ware often (ractionated Jeavins out some tarset8 and unnecelari1y duplicating others that is they were beinll inefficient and uneconomical From a Soviet target persJtive however Project BOURBON was Bucccul ill pite of the ASA-CSAW and later USAFSS arrangement not bccauae ofit It was succeasful despite interagency
bickerinl and probably the high cost of doinl SIGtNT bus_a there wu really little choice for US intelligence but to depampnd from 1945 to 1948 on the service SlGINT
orpnizations ampnd to work with them as best the could until something better could be arranted
a(ji 8amp8 As early uUM8 at the Stene Board report tboW1 US inli8l1igence official knew the exitinll arrangement was not worldng well The battle wea again mo8tly over how to improve it MW to centralize procesiing not wINther it ahould be done The creation of the Armed Forces Security Agtney (AFSA) in 1949 wa merely the first attempt Continued SlGIl~T processing problems urfaced by amon other thinp the Korean Warbrought aboutthe establishment olthe National Security Agency in 1962
lt8M8 But whether there was one agency or three working the problem the Soviet target dominated the SlCINT business in America like no oliher for over rorty yeers Project BOURBON got us ofltO a good beginning and until the demise oCtile SovietUnion made rOl an even better endingAUied eryptologista kept all ears tuned to the activitibullbull of the Soviet leadership ita miiitary Corees and eeonomic system Year after year if not always able to discern Soviet mtentions Allied SZGlNTers kept tab on Soviet capabilities and activities ready and able to sound the alarm
(B B8 Juet as the ~ucceasful etror15 oCWorld War ncryptologista against Germany and Japan left a legacyo( professionalism Cor Cold War analysts tet us hope that the enormous inheritanee fCold War eryptologic skills innovative collection and pzoce8sing techniques tradition and dedication will be handed down in good shape to the SlGUiTen of the future
J
lQ iitiRiJIbIIM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 fa WM8ft11c CRYPlOLOGrC QUARTERLY
Notes
(All materials are available at the Center For Cryptologie History (CCH) the NSAlCSS Arehivell Dr in the NSA Liblary unless otherwise indicated)
l (0) Tho_ L BIImI 71M OnN ow NotioMl Sftuncy AgutcY l~lHZ (Ft M- ND Cenwr ror
CryptoltCk HiatGrf NSA19go1 1111440-41 Hueatter BuraI
2 Georp P HOwe H1ItINo1 Sluth oIeONINT Proudio Ur 1M JoiN OII1tint1 PlAlI1946-1 Oraft
CompiNd inApril 1 169-170 CCH ColllCtionSerWa VSI HeteafterHoweJOP ct
(U) Mlnuc ofU 30ab WtInt of USC8 b1d on 21 April 1948 GiIII NSAJCSS Anhivea Acen No
t2ampeNlocatiOllCl8-0608middot6
4-lIdd
Llbid
t Blml tn 7bullTh Stone apott aclUlIy bull INIiOritY report allll D accompaDyiDamp mlnoriL1 poIiUon failed tamp ~
~ view ortbt variDua users membora FoUowin u namins ofa Dew ~ of defeDH LoWI A
JoJanion tht iMuuwere ruolyld and D1120 Ma t~AJSA Wat forllledtht palofellectivecelltlaliatiClliw
lOt IIICQJrw howev andmiddot tht Natianal Security Apncy ntp1acecJ AFSA three )tltlliater In 1f6f See Burna
61
8 (0) Memorandum fro ML Yon to ChW CSGAS-80 Subitet CoodllCt or Ruuian Ail Force and AIISl)
Problem 14 Deelftber 1948 ~ NSAJCSS ArchiveaAccNlioa No 5505 boz CBNI22 Htr~r Conley
MmDnInd-
9IDid
101(_14 Petenon bull aId BOURBON - 947CpIIJ QurMrlyen Falll tH18--1t
UCoDley Memorandum
12 (U)JPAG Monthly Statua aponaJllWIry-o-rnber l$48gJi1111t NSAJCSS ArdI[yA__iOII No ~e8
locaUoM HIO()llM13 and H1G-OIM- i I
14HoweJOPawdy125-126
16 eo~_ndlUll
16 Micbul 1 PettIlOD Middle 8OQRBON - lN1 CIItoIDgK Q rMrlyen 811111111 19M 5 1110
OItIBOURBON-IM77
l7 (U)lto leaIorandWII for ClO SuJ)jtct Aciivity Report 1 Apri11u1- 31 Yarch 194823 Mareh 1948 iii
CCH 5ribullbull V1l
46
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REFIDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON flP 8MI
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
18 ltmOJo (Wlllcarl VlI1Orandwnfor usctcc Subject Iatimated USCIBbullbullbullbulliiiiii~--------shyFDrtIary 1948dated 26 Feb 1948 _NSAJCSS Archivtr ACQlUioG No 149800CBPB65
ItJICG(H J0bn8011 Actin Rpuly CoordinalOr for IatenltptCoatml) MemoranGWD tor tba aconl8Wgtject
LSIC DiertiOl1 otFacilttia to th Rampllllia1 Pnlblm 21 Wy 1948 NSAIC8S Archive Accellllioll No 14
bozCBP86S
20 (VI o--p F Howe rAIl NomJIivc N~ ofAFSAINSA plIft IV FiDaI DRA Chapter XX 3 Ap~U 1M3
iJIiIt COH Genera) Collilciiort Hattr HOWl HiNry
21 How HiItory 6
22 (U) Rowlett 12Juq 1s8 note C Colonel Hayel covering LSICIUSLO (Lt Feed8richll letter of6 July 1H8
to Row1ott~NSAlCSS At~hi Acc8l8ion No 4978 location 005-0406-5
23 How HiCory12
u nOOO) Senior Sritiah Liaieon Ofll~ (SSLm MemoraooWll foc Chairman USC1B on the Subject of
1 Julymiddot 1H8~ N5IIICSS ArchlvH AceHllion No 8223locaulln
Gl5-0$10-S
UlbiL
26 n sao) trseZB MIftOr1I1tdWII AIr SBLa Sulljectbullbull 9
July 1848 gIiMIf NSNCSS AnNvtl ~Ion No 8223 location 016-0510middot5
21 (U) UNlddrellled peper eft~ ColllmlDtamp or 0008 Btllin Cable 26 oJanllampry 1949 fJilItIIII N6AICS8
ARmvea Acc1Iion No amp198 location HOlmiddot03OI
28~ UBA VelaOraMUm (or cptain I N WeIIIr USN floIn oOIlp C MeO_W MiUof GelMlral USAF
Oi~ oIlntellilICt Offict of OObifofSWf OperatiolllSubllct CoUaboratioll with Britieh 011 Elewonlc
Rconna28 Marcil 148_ OCH CoUICUocI Seriu VJU
2t (U)JLG MetnOfanGum rar Chir ASA aad OP-202 Subject Abolition of8ritillb SecretTitSn 16 O~tober 1948
gItNSAJCSS Ardlivbullbull Accet8ioa No tSlamplocampti4IlGl6-00f0Cmiddota
so (1) MemorandllllS fOf 111 Mfbellll us 1 NovlIIlber 1949 lt1S) NStICSS
ArdUv Arcesaillll Nuo8lOcation 0115-0509-5 Alao Alele VemoirelDl Convotion ith Mr Drake 11
January 1952 ~NSAICSS ~biA__on No2608location Gl606C)9S
31 Ho JOPatudy81
3LlbidI
33 ~U) JLC rump) M_lIdum ror die Coordinator or JGint Operationa Subject Activit1 Repon 1 Ap~
1941-31 March 194823 rchjl948G118gtCCH eonectionSeriea VJ
4JIIfCJO Mmorandwh froa Weacer ~tor ofJoint VP_ tor Colonl PrrJohn_ 8riUlh I
Liawn Om Slbject C1 Material m 1948-NSAJCSS ArdtiVes Me_OD N bullbull 83611 bos CBQDII
by USCI8~ 28 J_ry
IEO 13526 section 14(c)
41 TIP IlIIiRIWWMIIUt
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CRYPTOLOOIC QUARTERt Y
lbill
37IbiG EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
at WmgIi _~~ NG 1 period tat June 1947 - 29th _111148 QII8I NSNCSS Anbl-AcelIIioQ No U47Gl5-060M
31 ROberl yenaMt Til PIIIrII1 AIiIir hliliu GIld Bp~ (Im6rd NY erpDlOD ampOks [ne IN)
~CbteIl2 ftIe Cue175-1He~111178
tofbidbullbull 1M
n liilLG Memorandum for Deputy COOlUutar for Allocatlo- Subjftf COMINT Material fo~8
JlIly1848NSNCJ8 AnbiY4111 ~No lfi4loca~ 016bull0amp01-3
42 III) VSCJB Me_ndum for Bripdier Tiltlllu(SBLO) Sabied
18October lINt glMNtWCSS ArcbivteAecaaion No 2134locatloll C16middot
04J084 r-I-E-O--1-35-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-l-4-(c-)(-d-)
43 JPAC lICGIaWy Statalpore D IM1~NSNCSS Archivas -iaioJl No 424G6IocaUoQHIOshy01012 aM JPAC MRthlyampa~ Itepor ~elllbr 19lt68 Total population flOID Howe JOP stUy 171-16
ttJPAQ lhniblyStatlIoIRaport Februaty 1948
46 li1C MonW StatIM Report De~mber UM NSAICSS Arcbivea Aoce~1 NG 2OotN Nil C8Qltl am GCHQMoaUdy StNu Itport o-lIIIIer lH8 mwt8S NdiiVIIA-am No 2OOINboIlCBQI48
41 M IWlapt ute I of uU~WI h1l probable autlleritative 101IIee U April 1948 - NSAICSS
ArcbivM~O No14t6bOllCBP86IS
HoweJOP muIrI46-148
48 WWiamptu E Bumnn DpBt0c4 S SiorI46 dfIII NcIi4ftOl StCurity(Naw York Rando HOUle 1985
SI-H hffrey IUchellOn Am-iconamppioNlp fIINl WI SOlWI Tarpt (New Vork Morrow 15181)111 I
G (If) JJCOAJ5 IDtercept Operatora amp1nmary perW 1-15 Octokr 1948 25 October 1948 lt111 CCH Gaurl
COt-ctio
ICIHowJOP~lamp2
11 (U) Rowlett Kellloraadwn to dJo Sablowoo+middot Review of ltlItrent USmiddotBritieh Collaboration ill tb1 ~ CommwtbtiollllnWlicellClt Field ampAucuat 11M7 QIIIIJ Tab Amiddot2 IuJ wICk WIIOUZcft draft i available in
NSAJICSS Arehia Alaquoeaioll No UTI 1Io~ CSP8S A beaviIJ IMOtatN venion it available ill CCH
ColIIctioA Stria VJ27 Hereeftlr Rigtwlelaquo Review
I I2Pwte~bullbullOIdBOlfRBON-IM7111middot
A RowReview Tab Amiddot2
5LHeJOPlbldfl56 i
66 (U)CJO (Wenpr) XemorNlum tbi USCICC Subject Eaitultd USCIB tmereeptTerminal ReqWnnIWnta 1
FebtiMrylN8dtctUFbl-NSACSSArdlivHAccnIionNo4HboaCBPMS
ampIMIT Millin 48
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON TIP bullbullbullbull tiM
58 (U)JICG lIelDOralldwnforColP)(urJoh_II(Britilb Liaison Officer) Sub~t MwioDt to be AaialMtd to
StatWD_ 19 Manb li48 (5) NSNCSS Archlveal Ac__No 1496 bOil CBPB6S
67~t3lDl1l1lOraaGwntoAS-lO 1M8~NSAlCSS Arehivi AcaMioa No 5333 location G20-0206-2
I April
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) DHoJOPaudy71
6t (U) JCG (PJ Patton) M~ndWD for USTALO Subject Forwardina onafoflllation 12 July 1 (TS)
NSVcSS ArdIiva Acceai01l No1 110 CBP865
80 (U) LSlCIUSLO (NorllWl Boa~ leller to Dar Mr RGwJett- September 1941~ mwcss ArdUvn Aeeeuion No 4W7al_tioa 006-04055
81 (UgtLSlC JoiOllddyStaUil ampaport A u~ NSAICSS Azcblva~ion No 2006N ho CBQJ48
8tIjIfoP2o2 MemOlanliwn for tile CblefofNaval rnlellipaeeorinaWcl byCAPl Weacer liped by RADII
SIon ampabjct Statu 01 0 pr_ abUit) to provide operatlc_l inlonnation0-H March
1N1~CCHColIectionSerieeVB21
1I~20TMemonandlmlfor OP202 ISAupIt 1948G118tCCH
Collection SlIiN V AU
640 _ JPAG laurim Report 44iliSecUolI RUllllt SubjectO20NTmiddotl BlIIlIItin
27 13 ~ INII NSNCSS ArehiVU Aceeuia No 4t410 IGcation If07oUl2 Abo OPmiddot20 W-randum for OPmiddot202-T and 202L tlull N2 Sllbj~ 19 Octobr 1148 _ CCH CollectiouSeriuVAU -1E-O--1-3-5-2-6-s-e-ct-io-n-1-4-(c-)---
65 Ibid
66~1bill
67 JPAG Monthb Statu RePorta Deeember 1941 aDd December 1948 Alto LSiC MOIlChly Statue ~POri
ocemller 194andOOHQ Vo6tlly SlaUil Report D_mlI 1948I
ea PAG Monthl Statu RePone Januaf7-Decemb 1948 Also LSlCtGCHQ Moarhl7 Stat Reporll I
Jaruary-Deeember 1948 NSAICSS Ardllver ACCeSsion No 200CN boH CBQJ46-48
i69 JPAG KQI1tb1y Stacua Report alUlary 1948
1 EO 13526 section 14(c) 1
TObullJPAG MOJlChlysuwa Report Much1Na
AcaaIioI1 No 75llocatiOllGI6middot040fI5 i
12JPAG and LSlClaquoHQ Koqthly StaUil ReportaJen1lamp1)-DeCtlZlber 1948
131ampri4 I 14 JPAG MonthIgt StacuatepomJalUlary-Declllber 1148
I
I i Chief AM aDd OPmiddot2Qmiddot2 ~ U3IC Mdy
26 May 11411 rISC) NSAICSS Ardlivee
49 bullbullbullRM
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 18 91ellpound1 ~MB CRYPTOLOGIC QUARTERLY
1 EO 13526 section 14(c)
llSJllfArt TSR Ot-si Alb y of 10 alllamp1) 1989 ~ CCH General
Collectioft Hlrelftcr IJr TSR02middot89
17 (U)JoiDtNYmiddotl aad CSGAS-97 atUJtJyA SlUVlaquoltJRlMmtlCryplll6flp1UcSym8 10 Januazy 1949~
CCH Coltionsn VlllO Hreafter setemaSurvy
78 tanon middot014 BOURBON -INItmiddot2t
79Utid
aoJPAO YOlltlaly StatuReportJanuaryli48
al (U) LSICiUSLO memorandum aipfd by PH Curritr Commander USN to JPAG SabJtertl_4JanUampr7 11~NSAlCSSArchiveAcceaion No 46812loeation 003middot0401middot5
12 JPAG 7IIon$hlyStatui Jleporte JalW)-I)Iambft 19018
83 LSIOOCHQ Moathly Statl1l ReportatanlWT-Declmber 19
N LSrC MonUtly Statua lMportApriJ 148
86 ttl) lModo L SqUr Jr Cbi8t 93middot8middot2 ASAI MemorandlUft for the Reeord Subject Traft1C AlampllI
Iawllipnc 16 April 194ampoii IJ NSAICSS Archives AcceMion No 45812 Joation 00304013
86 JPAC Mollth~Sta~lIIReport May 1948
81JPACMontbly Statue ReportJllly 1948
88 LSlC Monthly Statu ReportJuIy IHa 1 EO 13526 section 14(c) middot1
898)--Survey
81 LSiC Monthly StatUi Report spumber 1948
12tPAG Montb17 Statllll Jleport S~mber 184J pubUhed 11 October 194ft I
N GCHQ afoftchly Sta_Report Occobar lHe
N JPAG Hollthly S1atua Report OctoLr 1948
IIConl MIPOnIIdwn I
K LSCIOCHQ Montbly Slatu Reporte September UId Decmber Ita
t7Pcteraon Old BOURBON -194121middot23
ta LSlC Kanthly StatuReport ~ampIlUamplJ 1t48 I
19 LSiC Kalltbly Status Report Fbrlli184JI
100 JPAGMontlalyStatua RportPebruary 1948
lOlLSlC Montbl1stu ReportApriN948
50II IMIR~
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
_11
BEYOND 8OURB()N OF lKIf HUI
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) lOt JPAC MoaWy StaQa Report AprillH8
103 (U) JPAG lattrinl Report 3660 RU Stctlon 1244 Ka1~CCHCQltctio SriVUIO
1ltK LSlC J40nthJ7 Statlil Report May 1NS
106 JPAG MoaWy Staiul Report Ma 1948
101 (U) Chi C$OA8-93 (Huch S Erakine Lt 0411 Sipaal COIJI) loiemoranGum for Record no Subject 3 JUDe
1948NSAlCSS Archiva AccuIioll Ne14 boltCBP88S
un (U) N-31 (H Campipelllamorwwn to (9PJ2(IL of datad 8 J_
111~availahl in he CCH Geoeral CoUectioa Herbullbullr CampaiampDe Memorarnlwn
entitled RuaIian Interim RePOrt Number 316 - Final Report 011_
()w)ber lM8~PI Colleaionbo1l6ftlile5-2631 EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
_14101 Ptenrlh Old BOURBON 1947 2325
110 M LSICIUSLO memorandwn signea by PM Clilfier Commander USN to JPAC
JacIU111l4SQIIe) NSNCSS Archive A_-ian No16812ampoeauon C030
111 LSIC Monhly Stalul RePort JeDQary 48
112 JPAG MOllthl Statua ReportJaJlWlry 1948
40~ middot6
lla JPAC MOflWy Stacua Report brua17 t 948
114 JPAG MonthlyStatui Re~ MaJdl1948
115JPAG MolllllqStatua Repon April 1948
111 JPAG Monthly $tacua RepOrt Mil 1948
111 un Chief CSGAS-sa (Hup S Erakinl Lt Cal Sicnampl Corpal Memorandum foe Record no SQb~ a JIWI
111C1jj1i1141f NSNCSS A~hlV ACllesel4)ll No 1416 ball CBP865
U8 JPAG Monthly Staillot Report Me 1948
l1Iil LSte Kontbly Staiul Report May 11148 I
120 JPAG Monthly Statua ReJreJune 1948
121JPAG MOllthlyStatue JortAIlgampt 1948
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) 113 GCHQ MonthlY Status 1WPGrt November 1948shy
124JPAGI~terim Repert~~n23 au 125USuhjett
~UI49NSAlCSSMchivuAcceionNo45812locationG03-0401~
151C DWn (cc Signal CorJlMI) Jpel ell~tl4acl I
126JPAG MOllthlyStatwl Re~rtOecember 1848 I
51 OF StCRt ISMB I
28SeptemlNlr 1948 gIMIIP N~ArehiVIIIA__ion No 468121oeauon 003-0401middot6shy
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
J39 JPAG MontliJ)StatllllReport ncember 1948
140 (0) OP-20middotNS-l IIMAIOI1lAltiwn uueG by F W c_roo Lieuienaat USN tAl OPmiddot20-N22 Subject
PelCltlltamp flf NS-l Man Hollla DevoWd to BOU1lBON I1ut time 118eGI PraductiOll 28 January 194 (U)
NSAJCSS Archlv Alteampuion No 8449location GUI-041o
141 JPAG KOJlthlystatllll RepOrt Fe~l1Iampry 1948
13 Sy--Swvy
- ISS MCSCAS-WlB (Edward E Cbriltophtr ChMf) MeIIIorandum to PAG SUject ~olDt
26 October UN8 (180) CCH aral Collection
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216S25 Tar 1111 IIM CItYPTOLOGfCQUARTERLY
1EO 13526 section 14(c) I
127J~foolll ~ASAprodueadAJIllual Report bullbullbull
S_14Jul11iG~NSAKSSAICbiveaAcceiioD No
QuiA (Capt Sipal Corpa) paper Illtit1ecl
liMIgll8l~AreIU~~IINCI45812lacationGOa04016
128 lLG MelMfudum to Ctlitf AM IUId QPIO2 SuIIiect LSfC stwIy The Effilrt on RIIIIiR Sicql
Inlu- ill RaJatfoD to 1ha~ 011 Other Sipamp lntellipnce Talesmiddot t5 May 1948 NSAICSS Ndli1lell
Acaeaion NCI 7$7 lorcatillaGlImiddot0406-5
121 ISIC Monthly SgWiReport May 1948
130 LSlC NoethI) Sttu~smbeT lMe
ial JPAGmootIIJyScaCUII ReponSapcember 1948
t32a_Survey
133- eDCitJed RU8IiaIIlncerim Report Numbr 304iIWrite-Upl10ct0ber 1948 NSAICSSArchivtl Acoeuion No 46812 Iocatioll G03middot040 1middot7
f
Tar IMIiTUI 52
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DocrD
3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BO1UON la Ialf
146 (ID Millakaort61h K til ofUSC1B beldan 16 November INI NSAICSS Archivbullbull Ao-ioD No
22HNlKationGle-0608-8
14 Ibid
1 (1) Apad_ itePI 2 of the minlllampel of the lim MHtiaar of the USCl8 Seeurit Comm~t4l beld on 21
~ 1148 (1SC) NSAICSS Ardliv ~lI No 26Ol311 location GltJ070laquomiddot7 IJI1J MmlNmiddotprt
er Navy Ctptaia loS L Goodwin Ch8irman and CommamplIIMr A Cole Jr Sttte Mr ~aai C iIIarJIon
Army Lamp Coloaell AC PetelWoDDd C H USAP Lt CoJoDel MH 101 nd
I EO 13526 section 14(c) 141 (U) Aptnda item 2 orthe lIIilluc ortIM Second V ttncotthe USCla scurity CoQUftittft beld on4JuW7
INf4iliiMJNSAlCSSAtclriy~NG261Tt3N_iion016-07041
150 (U) USClB SecurityCommiuee Spcial lWport No 24 SldljeCc 1tbullbullbullIlrlltliH eM PrOCefliDn ofCOMINT U
J Uf7 lice ~ N8AJCSS A~hivAccelllion No 26013Nlocation Gl6-01()4
161 Ibid
151 (U) USCIS cover _raorarulwn for the Cbaillll4ln (nteUigeue II1d SecwitJ Coaunittea ofU8ClB ~
Joiat Report on USC18 Policy 011 Oialemillation orCOMINT I) Recipitlllte ia CritUal Ar an4 Protection of
COMlNT by Such Reeipienta 2 Apri11i49 ith enclOllIUeI NSAJCSS Archlv Aeuuion No 2fO11I location Gl6-0704-1 AIao Minl3N olth ht Ntir oldie USCIB 11th OD 11 JUM IIG ~ NSAICSS
Arcbivu ~No 26073Nlocatlon C16070f1
163 htertlOIl 14iclc1Lt BOURBON -1N883
lu4It ~01111 witb ClCl1 J)hilli wbo worked at ABA nd kne eLlb_Del Suapected or bciaa a Sov~
U fll )ldE Worlel II WitbaDd wbullbull IthIetAId in 11160 but 00Il~ or le_ eharpll ill part Ie
prevent a Iie trial
155 JPAODel LSICIOCHQ WOnW Stalul Repol1lJanuary-DecelDber 1948
156 (u) JPAG [nterillllWport 13743 Section RU 1275 Subied TrafIIe Analytil OiapamI32 oJ_ ltd
~ NSAICSS Arehivft A_Mien No46fO~tionHO1f)110middot2
157 t8IC IoDtbly Stampw nJanury1948
15amp Ibid i 15t JPAG Monthly StamptIII ReponJanuary INI
110 UlIC Montbly StatuJn rebruary 1948 I
1811SIC Montltly StatuJtepon March IH1
162 tV) 1IMIoltlore L SciuHrJrbullbull Chitr 93middotBmiddot2 MmotandllJ for tbe Record Subject Trame Analym
JaRllilenee 16 Apnl 1948 ~ lIISAICSS AfchivH AcceUioll No 46812loeation G03-()CQImiddotS
1113 Ibid
114 JPAG MOIItb~ Statu RaPOrampApriJ 198
53 e Ilell~M_
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 middotREF IDA3216525 er amp5811 M CRYPTOLOGlC QVARlpoundRL Y
165U)JPAC Inwim Report 4142Section RU f1491 Subject TnJIk AalDltgramp_38-4018A~
19 gIMIIt NSNCSS ArchiIAAcelliO Ne 4U70loeation H07middot0109-3
lS6 we MentJlbo Statua Report M471~
1amp LSlC Meahl) SIa~1lampRepGrt Jllly 1 Ma
118IBIC Molldll) Statu RIpoIf AIIIUIIt 1948
lit LSlC~Slalua RePona Au- and sptember 1948
170 LSlC Mcmtbly Sta~ReponAUjIUIt It(8
111 JPAG ]IIQDtbly Statue Rtm Aupat 1948
lftltiCHQMontbly StatllaReponOiober 1948
171 GCHQ Yontbly Statu Report December 19
IT4 non middotOld BOURBON -1941 B1
17GIJlIfC Garofalo -A Brief QuartM Cntury of Sovie Cryptollraffil Analysia 19711fJ111f a publiltlee in
VeraR FilIi) A CollcMtI of WriIin OIl Traffic A~ CeDw for Cl)ptoJosic HfItGry NationaJ Secllriq
ApIIQCHmiddotESS8middotlI1998 HIleafterootalo I EOmiddot13526 seCtion 14(c)(d)
l7~H~MelDorudwn to SLO Wutlincrtgtn (lor Cdr Bameu) SWtja _ dated us au lN7- COH 0111 CcilltctiOil Also Untitled GCHQ rIpon (~t Pp mislillC saIM SlIbject
daWd AVCo1It UHa7 COH General Coll~
1770_10
17e LSIC Moltld) lkatua Report Apri~ 114e
179 Qarotalo
180 JPAC KoatlJly StatQII Report Oc~ber 1948
181 GCHQ Monthly Stlicu Report December 1948
182 GCHQ MonUlly Staua Report NovlIIIber
laa~61 eTR 1768
G-lMrai Coltction oriemal provid 1994 I
UUJtAG monthly StatWi Report November 1948 (uted 10 December INS)I EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
1bullbullnAG l4oatlly Statua Report JaiJual)-December 1941 J
1$7 (V) SUSLO London (Fred Bripi)pepet CDtided Some Now on Ryder Street 16 April 1948 ~A~ 14878locaUoIlG06-0405-6~
1he Ryder StnI~ opttraUon inIUa11 tlll by 10116bull iJlclependi or
IGlla MI 54
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BBYOND BOURBON
I EO 13526 section 14(c) I
AIN PettlllOn Vi4d1e I)VLI
DfLbenlllDber 80 ilSUSLO ~aLSlC NewaleHtr No t2 16 Aveuet 1948 NSAiCSS ArdUvea A~OD
No 1$t location Gl6-0401-3 TIM title of the poup can be round in lJSLO IlllllIlOrandum to JICG Subject
lTSTALO Informal No ltI 26 February IN ctII NSAlCSS Arebiyea~_IIllo 54bolt CSPI51
Lli HOWl JOP lIW4y120
189JPAG MonthI) Statal Reporta Decembw 1947-o-mber 11M3
190JPAG MouthlyStamptalReportsptlmber 1948
If11JPAG Molltbl1St1tu ltepIrrtflbflal11948
192 JPAG Montb1yStatuReport Dcembar 1948 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
125-126
1M JPAG Montbly Statal Reporta DemnberlJ amplid Deeember 1948
1ItS JPAG Moatbly Statlll Reporta December 1947 - December 1948
~MampeJOPatudy U6-128 IEO 13526 section 14(c)
198 CUI SUSLO LSlC NewsJeur No1 to DJehler tor UlllOft (USCrS) 1 t Fbruazy 1948 NSAICSS
ArdUvni Aceeallon No7$t boJfBPB6S
199 (U) LSlClUSLO M-aDdGm (Iigned by FrtcericJ Brirht lit U Sir c) tor Chief CSGAS-80ASA DO I
ampabm22 Marcb li48~NSAlCSSArcbiv A_Ilion No497Slocation OO~middot5I 200 (t]) LSlClUSLO tt18l to -Dear Mr aowltttw lNm T~ (SriptJ 1 AprUiN8 (l1li) NSAJCS8 Archiv
AcceaioZl No 4818 _tion~056
201 M A1J61 06 LSlB lII_o~ ftOm TrIvia for Chairman Loudon Sipal lntallipnce Board (LSIB) to
CbaUmaa USCs 2 April I i48Q1ier CCH CoUectioD Serle VJ 1
202 HoweJOP lItudilU-12S I
20UItLG MtmorlDCIwu (lociolIl69) ror OPmiddot2Q2 lAd AM SubltR RUlian PlaiD Tut TrlBic 9 Apri11948
~ NSAJcis AlchiYft McJioft No767 ioltamptJon GUIo4OCjmiddot$I
204 Ibid
55 I ampiIRff M
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 le U1iiif YMIAaft CRYPTOLOG[C QUARTERLY
bullbullIbid
20amp-ColO tkyJ MemanllldwIL CIl MtmIMq ofUSCtB tiject Ruuial Plaia Laftllampp PtoQ1em l4 April
IGIIItCCH Cataloc Tab 200
2OPJLG lofemol1UlGwn CIl CIIIt ASA and OP-20-2 SubjeC WC 1WG1 8Th EfFort on RWI8iu Sipal
InllipDce ill RelatioG CIl That on Other SipallntaUijlnca TIiU 2amp Ma11amp48~AcceaaiaIl No 757
lecaUcmGlamp-0408-5
208 (U) ASA CbW ofOpwadonl Diviaicm (Rowlett) liemorandwn amplr Lt Fred J Brisbt rt1SLO Landon) 18
Janlm__NSAICSS Ardtiv AAc_iol1 No 487elocation CJ0504066
2Gt tV) aowlettll JIlIy 1amp48 DOte CIl Colonal Hayucoverlll8 LSlClUSLO (Lt Freel Bright) letterof5Jwy 1948 0 Ro~t~NSAICSS Artni Ml9aion No 4978 location COIM)405middot5
210 HoweHUtoryIamp
21 JlMCkIIf AS-IIO (towJMa)ver IIO~ CIl ChtefASA (Hayel) palling along Fm BriJht16 April 194amp leur
CIl Mr Raw1ltlU about cae Ryder Stied operation entiled Some Noea on Rydltr Streei 29 April 1948 ~
NSAJCSS AuhivUAcceuiGa No4t18looamption G06-Q~6
IU LSlC Monthl1 ampatu8 Report July 1948
211 How JOP 1418-169
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d 21-1b6d 18 bull
216JPAOlnterimRtpottJPAG ItSSection RU 11526 Net Aaalyllia eabook 59bullbullbullbullbullbull bullbullbullbullbull2 Aupt 1948 _ NSAlCSS ArcbiAccelllion No C6amp70 location H07middot01()93
I 2U~ (U) JPAG Interim Report 3104 Section Btl 942 Sub~ 23 January 1946
-NSAlCSSArchiv~0Jt~o48701_ampionH07o10t-6
211 (U)JPAG Itarim Report 13177SecUOR lW 982SubJed BRUSA Nomenclatur9 February I
NSNCSS ArchilAoc~ No 46470iocatlon H07()101-7
21 JPAO lnSerim Repari 13080 Section au 198 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Russian Operatora Mallul
(CbII 2)lUnuary 1948 6IWJt tfSAICSS ArdliluAceeasioa No 4ampf10loeation H07o 1 09-6
utJPAG Interim Report 13089sction RU 1923 Subject It
lauary 1U8gi1et NSIJCSS Archiv~Ace_ion NQ 470 location H07-01Otmiddot6middot I
22O~JPAGlnteriJnReportI341SectionRU IOlSwjaRUIIIianbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull2i
February 1948 NSAICSS Anbivea AeeNaiOll No 10locatiQl1 H07-o1091
221 (U) JPAO 1ntarillll Rport 3180 Semon ltU amp85 Subject OPmiddot20middotNTmiddotl Adilition aDel Cor~ to r 9 February 19d __NSAJCSS Auhins Acceaeion No lOlocation H07middot
222 (U)JPAG IlIwmri Re))On14259 Sec1ion RU 11~ml tiject RU-NAW 1371 Military Daily 1 Sepwcnber
l~ NSAICSS Arebill8ll ACCllllihn No 484701oca1ion H07-010U
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d) I I
fe iiiYMIAft 56
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525
l
BEYOND BOVRBON
EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
223 (m JPAG lllterim Report 3~25 Section RU fi010 SuDject RUlltlan Abbreviation File (Part SSl
(Supplelllint 5)February 194amp 6j1i11111 NSAlCSS Arebivtll ACOIIIIion No 48470 location HGmiddot0109-7
22 JPAG lDterim Rport 13219 SsMn au l1001bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull0BIII Metb041 ABA) 11
FlbruatJ 1948 NSAlCSSArdliver AccaIion No lt46470Iocatioa H07middot0l09middot1
225IfItJPAG Interim Report 3245 scun au 11017 Sobjtct OMOmiddotNlmiddotl Ruaianbullbullbullbull LiIt 21
Febray 194~NSAICSS Arcbiv Acc8Mlon No 4841OlaeaticD H07middot0109-7
228 fIIJ JPAG 1Dcrim IWpart 334f Section RU 11073 SoJdect TIre
Mardl1848~NSAlCSSArcbivIAceuioIlNo464OloeationH01-0109-1
221 lilt JPAG Interim Rport 3420 Section au 1106 Subject OPmiddot20-NTmiddot1 Ruaaiaa Trem InIormation
S1lllMlUY pwiod 2 ~lI(h I February 1948f1) NSAJCSS Arcbiver Ace_ion No 46470 location H07middot010lf7
228_JPAG lftwrim Rport 3m Section au lOUO Subject AbDorrul Water Levell of the Ditnube River
S~m 23 Mare~ 1M3NSAICSS Archivel AceeMioli No 46470locatioll H07 middot0109middot7
t9 Pewon middotOld BOURBON -194139-41
230 HoeJOPIItacIy 11O-lIl EO 13526 section 14(c)(d)
2314fRUPIA1 1 ltuelian PaiJ) LaDfUACe AIai Items 9 JI1IIlUUY 19481111eJ NSAlCSS Archi s
Aa411io11 No 9268locatillll Gl6-0211-4
232 RUPLAlI2bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull13 January 1943 QiIiIft NSAICSS Arcblva
A~ No 9268 locatioll G16-02Llmiddot4 Prwaum~bl CSAW couldanll did publiah RUmiddotPLAI reportashy bull
eoWd b round invailable ~
23a (m RUPLAf 161Sbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull41 22 Novemlser 1948~~ Archlv
Acceuion No UUlocation 0111-0211-4
214 Peteraoa 01cI80URBON t941at
23511114
mlbid
238_ SfARUICGOO title tJVietJ TelecolMlunic~Uon u or ~y 194126 Jul1 1948 ~ CCH General
CoUection I m H__ JOP 1td1 11-144 ~Howe ~dded By September 199 the _Iort 0amp1
UO lbiel 1fl
241 bidbullbull 140
242 Ibid 1~2middot143
243 GCHQ NonWy Slatus )WPlnOctober 1948
57 IIbullbull ItiI
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 CllYPlOLOCIC QUARTERLY
2U~ RUP1Al 1$4 Niniafcy of the AvitiGn IndUlampry USSR 114 title Flight Unit (LETNAV CbASTJ
location ItamaDlMe tIIbor4i1lamp1ioa FJipamp ~ lNUtuie Pertonalitiea eiPt MID individual 30 April
IMlgllt) NSVCS8 v-AocMIioD No1I268locatioDG160211-4
fB 9amp9) Mr Peteron I ctlllnily bull biatorian at the Center tor Cryptologle
i Hmory (8324) He began his career aa an L e iatereept proceumg specialist in the US
Air Ferce (1969--63) After hie diacharr ~ he Ranterred to NSA firat working
_ liD intelligence analyst in A32(1983-418) and later as section chief in A74 (19~
ll) Subqllently Mr Peterson served 88 A Group product control ollicer NSOC (19173) cryptologic taff officer
in AB and Vi (1873-74) eryptologic staff officer at (1174-78) branch chiet ill A23 (1~83) deputy
chief Current Watch Operationa All (1983) ehlef Plan and Progra~ OD the A Grotlp Program ud Budget Staff
A043 (1 ) deput ebief A44 (1986shysan aad chief A8$ (1988-82) In 1172 Mr
Petenon was awarded a BA in Soviet area studies from the Univerlity of Mary-Iud Hia article 1he Church Cryptogram Birth of OUr N atioft Cryptology appeared in the Summer 1887 bue or Qoyptologie Quarterly heOlld artiele Haybe You Had to Be There TheSICINT on Tbirieen Soviet Shootdown of US Reconnaianee Aircraft was publihed in the Summer Itl3luue A erie o( article by Mr PeteroD on Project BOURBON have p~are in recent juue Or Cryptcl~ OurtZy MrPeterson i a certified Special Research Analyt fraflic AnalYlt 8I1d BditorlWriter
I I
lOP iiiRi MIIYi 58
r------- Withheld from public release Pub L 86-36
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
DOCID 3216525 REF IDA3216525 BEYOND BOURBON lap liil MI
Appendix
ASA R~88i8D Plain Langlla UlliiStrenltb Output (0)
IEo 13526 section 14(c)
(Dc 1H7pl 16
Nov 1941middot Feb 1848middotmiddot (pulllOllth)
42 Il(arApr (per month)
May 1948 41
Ju1948
Julli4a
Aql948 14
W bull SeplNl 80
J Octl948 109
Nqv lSI 111
Dec 1948
I i EO 13526 section 14(c)
JPAG MlIlIlGIall4um to ~rdillrtcr tor Joint Oprationa ampbjGct ~tion__
7D1etmber~941ii81lJNSAlCSSArchlvll8A~No21618boIlCBJQ14
JPAG Monthl StaIU8 Re~N Noyember lt47 - December 1948 NSAJCSS ARbileamp AccIlIIioIlNo
42C66 Jocatiolll Hl0-01 06middot3 and 8100106middot4
bull
xxvmiddotISCCH Gelleral Collection)
59 MB poundFeREJ IPlIIII
top related