basic networking

NETWORKING

S.K.AhsanMr.Khan 1

Topic of Presentation

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Types 0f networking

History of networking

Uses of networks

What is network?

Network Protocols

Network Topologies

How networks are structured?

Contents

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Networking:-

____”When two or more computers connected to each other through some communication media is called Networking.____”

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for example:-

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History of networking:- Over the five decades that Unisys has been involved in the

computer industry, it has participated in the development of networking technologies while working

under contract for the Department of Defense (DOD) and other government agencies and in the course of developing its commercial

product offerings. During this time Unisys has made several significant technical contributions

furthering the development of networking in the industry at large.

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Why Networking?Sharing information — i.e. data communication

Like this

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Uses of networks:- Network allows user to share program and

data simultaneously. Network allows users to share peripheral

devices. Network allows user to share email

through network.

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Example

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Types of networks

Local Area Network(LANs) Wide Area Network (WANs) Metropolitan Area Network(MANs) Campus Area Network(CANs) Home Area Network(HANs) Intranet and Extranet

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Local Area network Its is digital communication system

capable of interconnecting a large number of computer terminals and devices with in a limited area.

Its speed is faster than WANs. But is small in covering area.

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For example

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Wide area network

Its is digital communication system capable of interconnecting a large number of computer terminals and devices through different cities.

Its is slower than WAN.

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For example

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Metropolitan area network A MANs connect a geographical area larger

than LAN but LESS than WAN such as city with dedicated or high performance hardware.

Mobile phones system based on MANs.

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Campus Area Network

A CANs follow the same principle as LANs work.

With a CAN different campus offices and organization can be linked together.

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Home area network

A home network (HANs) is a network contained a person’s digital devices from multiple computer and devices such as

Printer Telephones DVDs

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For example

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Intranet and extranet

Its is privately own-secure business network based on internet technology not necessarily to the internet.

Information is available to all employees.

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Extranet Its combination of multiple

intranets. Intranets of different companies are

connected each other to share data and information.

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Extranet

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Intranet

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How network are structured ?

Following are the ways to form a network.

Client/server Networks. Peer to Peer Networks. Hybrid Network.

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Client/server Networks

In this type of network one or more computer are dedicated server and the remaining computer works as client.

The client are all other computers on the network.

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advantages• Advantages of client/server networks

• Facilitate resource sharing – centrally administrate and control

• Facilitate system backup and improve fault tolerance

• Enhance security – only administrator can have access to Server

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Disadvantages• Disadvantages of client/server networks

• High cost for Servers• Need expert to configure the network• Introduce a single point of failure to the

system

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Peer to peer network

In this network every computer plays a role of server or client depending upon the nature of communication .

All computers have equal rights. No one computer can control over other

computer.

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advantages• Advantages of peer-to-peer networks:

• Low cost• Simple to configure• User has full accessibility of the computer

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o May have duplication in resources

Difficult to uphold security policy

Difficult to handle uneven loading

Disadvantages of peer-to-peer

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Hybrid network

It has the combined feature of both client and peer to peer networks

The user take advantage of both networks.

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advantages

Its provide both the facility of peer to peer model and client server model

DISADVANTAGE Hard ware cost . Maintenance.

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Network topologies

____”The scheme of joining

computer in a network is called topology___”

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Types of topologies

Bus Topology

Ring Topology

Star Topology

Tree Topology

Mesh Topology

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Bus Topology

In bus topology all the computer are connected in the series with a common communication medium.

The communication medium is called BUS.

Bus is used in LAN because It is To installed.

If the one node of bus fail then the whole network will be destroy.

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For example

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Ring topology

In ring topology every device has exactly two neighbor for communication purpose and the last computer is connected to the first computer all the computer are connected in ring shape.

A failure in cable or a device breaks the loop and the entire network fails.

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Star topology

All the computer are connected to central HUB OR Switch.

Twisted pair cable is used in star topology.

Its is mostly use in LAN because it is easy to maintain .

If the HUB or SWITCH or fail then entire network becomes fail.

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Tree topology

Tree topology integrates the multiple star topologies together on to a bus all the computer are connected in such a way to form tree like structure.

It has combined feature of STAR and BUS topology.

It is difficult to configure.

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Mesh topology

In mesh topology every computer directly connected to every other computer on the network.

Mesh topology used in WAN. The installation of mesh topology is

difficult. Its performance is not affected with the

heavy transmission of data.

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For example

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Protocols Protocols are the rules to exchange data

between two devices.

Types of Protocols:

Ethernet Token Ring ARCnet DSL TCP/IP

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Ethernet Its is most commonly used in LAN

protocols. Ethernet is used in BUS topology with

high speed network cable. It is relatively simple and cheaper. All the computer in Ethernet using same

cable to send or receive data.

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Ethernet cable Ethernet converter

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Token ring

Token ring passing protocols is used in ring topology.

A token is an electronic signal. The token ring is associated with IBM

(international Business Machines) Which worked with the concept of ring

network

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Token passing technology

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ARCnet

Arc net stands for Attached Resource Computer Network.

It used either pair or co-axial cable. The original ARCnet protocol was very

slow ARCnet is inexpensive, reliable, easy to

setup and easy to expand

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Co-axial cable

sadadasdasd

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TCP/IP TCP/IP stand for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol. It is WAN protocol. Two different types of computer connect each other using this

protocol. TCP/IP differs for different computers.

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ISDN

ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network.

ISDN modem is different from dial up modem

It provides better transmission rate

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ISDN MODEM DAIL-UP MODEM

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DSL

DSL stands for Digital Subscribe Line. It provides high speed transmission of

data over telephone line. It is alternative of isdn modem. Its is use every where in office, homes

etc.

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DSL MODEM

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Types 0f networking

History of networking

Uses of networks

What is network?

Network Protocols

Network Topologies

How networks are structured?

Summary of Presentation

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