7245477 basic networking

8/13/2019 7245477 Basic Networking

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Basic Networking &Hardware

Vineeth Kumar.M,M.S.,MCSA, CCNA, CSPFA, CH


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Agenda

Basic LAN Definition

Network Hardware

Network Media

Sample LAN Implementation


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!ANs

Definition LAN "Local Area Network"

Is a group of computers and associated devices tat sare a

common communications line or wireless link and t!picall! sarete resources of a single processor or server witin a small

geograpic area for e#ample$ witin an office %uilding&'

(suall!$ te server as applications and data storage tat are

sared in common %! multiple computer users'

A Local Area Network ma! serve as few as two or tree usersfor e#ample$ in a ome network& or man! as tousands of users'


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!ANs

Definition )ireless LAN A Local Area Network tat transmits over te air t!picall! in an

unlicensed fre*uenc! suc as te +',-H. %and' A wireless LAN does not re*uire lining up devices for line of sigt

transmission' )ireless Access /oints Base Stations& are connected to an

0ternet u% or server and transmit a radio fre*uenc! over anarea of several undred to a tousand feet wic can penetratewalls and oter non1metal %arriers'

2oaming users can %e anded off from one access point toanoter like a cellular pone s!stem'

Laptops use wireless network cards tat plug into an e#isting/3M3IA slot or tat are self contained on /3 cards$ wile stand1alone desktops and servers use plug1in cards ISA$ /3I$ etc'&'


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!ANs

3aracteristics LAN 4opolog! 4e geometric arrangement of devices on te network or

te sape of a local1area network LAN& or otercommunications s!stem'

/rotocols 4e rules and encoding specifications for sending data'

4e protocol defines te format and meaning of te data tat

is e#canged' 4e protocols also determine weter tenetwork uses a peer1to1peer or client5server arcitecture'

Media Devices can %e connected %! twisted1pair wire$ coa#ial ca%les$

or fi%er optic ca%les' Some networks do witout connectingmedia altogeter$ communicating instead via radio waves'


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!ANs

4opolog! t!pes

Bus 4opolog!6 All devices are connected to a central ca%le$ called te

%us or %ack%one' Bus networks are relativel! ine#pensive and eas! to

install for small networks' 0ternet s!stems use a %us topolog!' Star 4opolog!6 All devices are connected to a central u%' Star networks

are relativel! eas! to install and manage$ %ut %ottlenecks can occur%ecause all data must pass troug te u%' 4is is not muc of apro%lem an!more wit te widespread deplo!ment of switces'

2ing 4opolog!6 All devices are connected to one anoter in te sape of

a closed loop$ so tat eac device is connected directl! to two oter

devices$ one on eiter side of it' 2ing topologies are relativel! e#pensive

and difficult to install$ %ut te! offer ig %andwidt and can span large

distances'


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Network Hardware

Hu% An unintelligent network device tat sends one

signal to all of te stations connected to it' All computers5devices are competing for

attention %ecause it takes te data tat comes

into a port and sends it out all te oter ports inte u%' 4raditionall!$ u%s are used for star topolog!

networks$ %ut te! are often used wit oterconfigurations to make it eas! to add andremove computers witout %ringing down tenetwork'

2esides on La!er 7 of te 8SI model

9 Application

: /resentation

; Session

, 4ransport

< Network

+ Data Link

7 /!sical

"S# Mode$ !a%ers


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Network Hardware

Switc Split large networks into small segments$

decreasing te num%er of users saring tesame network resources and %andwidt'

(nderstands wen two devices want to talk to

eac oter$ and gives tem a switchedconnection Helps prevent data collisions and reduces

network congestion$ increasing networkperformance'

Most ome users get ver! little$ if an!$advantage from switces$ even wen saring a

%road%and connection' 2esides on La!er + of te 8SI model'

9 Application

: /resentation

; Session

, 4ransport

< Network

+ Data Link

7 /!sical

"S# Mode$ !a%ers


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Network Hardware

Bridge 3onnects two LANs and forwards or filters data

packets %etween tem' 3reates an e#tended network in wic an! two

workstations on te linked LANs can sare

data' 4ransparent to protocols and to iger level

devices like routers' =orward data depending on te Hardware

MA3& address$ not te Network address I/&' 2esides on La!er + of te 8SI model'

9 Application

: /resentation

; Session

, 4ransport

< Network

+ Data Link

7 /!sical

"S# Mode$ !a%ers


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Network Hardware

2epeater (sed to %oost te signal %etween two ca%le

segments or wireless access points'

3an not connect different network arcitecture'

Does not simpl! amplif! te signal$ itregenerates te packets and retimes tem'

2esides on La!er 7 of te 8SI model'

9 Application

: /resentation

; Session

, 4ransport

< Network

+ Data Link

7 /!sical

"S# Mode$ !a%ers


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Network Hardware

2outer A device tat connects an! num%er of LANs'

(ses standardi.ed protocols to move packets

efficientl! to teir destination'

More sopisticated tan %ridges$ connecting

networks of different t!pes for e#ample$ star

and token ring&

=orwards data depending on te Network

address I/&$ not te Hardware MA3& address'

2outers are te onl! one of tese four devicestat will allow !ou to sare a single I/ address

among multiple network clients'

2esides on La!er < of te 8SI model'

9 Application

: /resentation

; Session

, 4ransport

< Network

+ Data Link

7 /!sical

"S# Mode$ !a%ers


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Network Hardware

Additional Network Hardware Devices Network Interface 3ards NI3s&

/uts te data into packets and transmits packet onto te network'

Ma! %e wired or wireless'

-atewa!

3onnects networks wit different protocols like 43/5I/ network and I/>5S/>

networks' 2outers and -atewa!s often refer to te same device'

/ro#! server

Isolates internal network computers from te internet' 4e user first access te pro#! server and te pro#! server accesses te internet

and retrieves te re*uested we% page or document' 4e user ten gets a cop! o

tat page from te pro#! server'


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Common Network Media?0lectrical copper&

?3oa#ial 3a%le?Single copper conductor in te center surrounded %! a plastic la!er for

insulation and a %raided metal outer sield'

?4wisted pair?=our pairs of wires twisted to certain specifications'?Availa%le in sielded and unsielded versions'

?=i%er1optic1 A ca%le$ consisting of a center glass core surrounded %! la!ers ofplastic$ tat transmits data using ligt rater tan electricit!'

?Atmospere5)ireless (ses 0lectromagnetic waves' wose fre*uenc!range is a%ove tat of microwaves$ %ut %elow tat of te visi%le spectrum'

?3oose Media %ased on 6?)iring configurations?Distance and location limitations?Speed?2elia%ilit!?Securit!?Budget


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Coer ' (wisted Pair

)ia$u o*er te$ehone $ine. )S! +)igita$ Suscrier !ine-

Hig1speed +;: @%ps ;; M%ps&$ =ull1duple#' As!mmetric Digital Su%scri%er Line ADSL& and

Hig1%it1rate Digital Su%scri%er Line HDSL&

CA( 0ternet ca%le standard defined %! te 0lectronic

Industries Association and 4elecommunicationsIndustr! Association 0IA54IA&'

Speeds up to 7 M%ps'

3onnector 21,; 1 Standard connectors used for unsielded

twisted1pair ca%le'


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thernet Seci/ications 01Base(

0ternet specification for unsielded twisted pair ca%le categor!


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?Infrared ligt is transmitted troug fi%er and confined

due to total internal reflection'

?=i%ers can %e made out of eiter plastic or glass'

?(sed for ig speed %ack%ones and pipes over long

distances'?3omparativel! e#pensive'

8ptical =i%er


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3ire$ess Media

?)ireless LAN or )LAN?)ireless local area network tat uses radio

waves as its carrier

?)i1=i ")ireless =idelit!C&?A set of standards for )LANs %ased on

I000 +'77

?)i1Ma#? 0merging tecnolog! tat can cover

ranges up to 7 miles or more

?Satellite5Microwave? Hig speed media used for longer

distances and remote locations


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Sam$e !AN #m$ementationHome Con/iguration


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Sam$e !AN #m$ementationBusiness Con/iguration


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Sam$e !AN #m$ementationBusiness Con/iguration


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Euestion F Answers


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C4(#F#CA(#"N !"5"S

CCNA MCP


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MCSA MCS

7245477 basic networking

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