banana cultivation technologies

Banana Cultivation

technologiesRincy K Abraham Subject matter Specialist(Horticulture)Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pathanamthitta

1000Types

Earliest crop cultivated by man

- advantages• Steady market price• High nutritive value• All parts have uses• Adapts well for rain fed

and irrigated farming• Suitable for various

cropping systems multiple cropping, inter cropping, relay cropping, companion cropping etc

• 700tonnes Nendran exported to Middle East

• India No 1 in Production• Maharashtra

74,000ha-25,29,300TKERALA 67,500ha-5,22,800 TTAMILNADU

67,000ha- 19,20,000 T

Nutrient composition of banana

constituents availability

Moisture(%) 70-75

Carbohydrate(%) 22-27

Crude fibre(%) 0.5-0.8

Protein(%) 0.8-1.2

Fat(%) 0.2-0.3

Ash(%) 0.7-0.9

Potassium(mg100g) 200-400

Phosphorus(mg\100g) 15-30

Calcium (mg\100g) 20-160

Iron(mg\100g) 0.6-0.8

Beta-carotene(mg\100g) 0.02-0.025

Thiamin(mg\100g) 0.02-0.05

thiamin(mg\100g) 0.02-0.05

Riboflavin(mg\100g) 0.01-0.5

Niacin(mg\100g) 0.7-0.78

Ascorbic acid(mg\100g) 10-12

ENERGY(Calories\100g) 90-105

Nutrient composition of banana

Cont …

Planting Time• Irrigated : September to November• Rain fed : April to May• Pit size 50 x 50 x 50 cm • Cut end of rhizome pointing in

same direction (opposite to the direction of passing of the sun)

Selection Of Planting Material

Water Sucker

Sword Sucker

Tissue Culture Plants

Storage of Suckers

Storing Position Store House

Planting DistanceNendran 2 X 2 2500/ha(1000/ac)

PoovanPalayamkodanMonthan

2.1 X 2.1 2310/ha (924/ac)

Red banana 2.1 X 2.1 2310/ha (924/ac)

Robusta,Dwarf Cavandish

2.4 X 1.8 1600/ha (640/ac)

Nendran HDP (Double)

2 X 3 (2 plants per pit)

3330/ha (1332/ac)

Nendran HDP (Triple)

3.6 X 1.8 (3 plants per pit)

4630/ha (1653/ac)

Planting Operations in High Density planting

Fertilizer Application

From one acre Nendran Banana takes

190 kg Nitrogen = 413 Kg Urea

115 kg Phosphorous = 640 kg Rajphos

300 kg Potash = 500 kg MOP

Apply the fertilizers in splits to minimize loss and increase efficiency

Fertilizer application Nendran Sucker

PlantationTime of application Ureagm Rajphosgm Potashgm

At pitting (1week before planting)

350-500 gm lime/pit

Time of planting F Y M-10kg+1kg neem Cake/ pit

1st month after planting 90g/pit 360g/pit 100g/pit

2nd month after planting 65 280 100

3rd month after planting 65 _ 100

4th month after planting 65 _ 100

5th month after planting 65 100

After bunch emergence 65

Fertilizer application TC Nendran

• Organic manure-15kg-20kg during pit takingTime of application urea Rajphos potash

At piting(1week before planting)

250-500gm lime/pit

1st month after planting 130 360 160

2nd month 130 280 160

3rd moth 130 - 160

4th month 130 - 160

5th month 130 - 160

After bunch emergence 130 - 210

Fertilizer Application : Red Banana

Time Urea Rajphos Potash

At piting(1week before planting)

1Kg lime/pit

At planting time FYM 10-20 kg+ 1kg neem cake/pit

1st month 90g/plant 270g/plant 170g/plant

2nd month 90 270 170

4th month 90 170

5th month 90 170

After bunch emergence 90 100

Fertilizer application for other varieties

(Palayamkodan , Njalipoovan,etc.)

Time Urea(gm/pit)

Rajphos (gm/pit)

Potash(gm/pit)

2nd moth 175-220 450-550 270-330

4th month 175-220 450-550 270-330

Organic Fertilizer Boosters

• Fresh Cow Dung - 3 kg• Ground Nut Cake - 1 kg

• Water - 10 L

Ferment for 10 days , decant the coffee colored supernatant liquid,

dilute with equal quantity of water and apply

In HDP double – apply 25% extra over

normal doseIn HDP triple –apply

75% extra over Normal dose

Potassium sulphate 30g\litre water 2weeks and 4 weeks after complete bunch emergence for bunch weight and colour development

Irrigation• Requirement: 40 l/day once in two days• Basin mulching• HDP –Apply the same quantity

De-suckering and propping

Apply 2 drops of Kerosene after making a “ V” notch in on the suckers

Boron Deficiency

Apply Borax 50 gm /plant .

OR

spray 1gm boric powder+3gm urea + 5 ml soap solution / litre of water

Bunchy top in banana

Use Disease free planting material, control Aphids and destroy diseased plants

Causal Organism – BBT virus

Bunchy top in banana

Apply 25 gm Carbofuran /pit

Kokkan disease/ Banana Bract mosaic Virus

Use Disease free planting material, control Aphids and destroy diseased plants

Sigatoka leaf spotControl:• Bavistin -2g/l or Tilt-1ml/l or Contaf 0.5ml/l

Pseudo stem weevil• Nendran, Red banana more susceptible• Carbaryl 4 gm /chlorpyriphos 3 ml/litre

+ sandovit 1 ml- drench leaf axils ,rhizome and surrounding soil – monthly intervals from 3rd month onwards- 3 times

• Sanitation- remove dry outer sheaths of all plants and spray rec. insecticides

• Neem seed kernel powder 50 gm/banana

• Traps-1 trap/2 cents

PESTS OF BANANA

Banana pseudo stem weevil

Rhizome weevil

PESTS OF BANANA

Rhizome Weevil• Adopt strict field sanitation• Remove suckers immediately after harvest• Remove roots & outer layer of rhizome before

planting, dip in slurry of cow dung + ash and dry in shade for 3-4 days.

• Sevin 4 gm/litre- 30 minutes• Traps for adult weevils- Pseudostem -½ m

length• Pheromone traps- cosmolure – 4/ha• Remove infested rhizomes- deep plough the

land

Spindle leaf miner

Nematodes

• Burrowing nematode, root knot nematode, root lesion & cyst nematode

• Apply neem cake @ 1kg/plant & carbofuran (Furadan) 25g /plant at the time of planting

Precision Banana (Ratoon )linked to SAFAL

Super Class Banana