are you prepared to close your ash ponds?

Post on 25-May-2015

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In a presentation at the EUCI Coal Combustion Residuals: Wet to Dry Conversions and Management Conference, TRC's Kent Nilsson explained how to prepare a robust strategic plan to support a successful and cost efficient coal ash pond closure.

TRANSCRIPT

Are You Prepared to Close Your Ash Ponds?

R. Kent Nilsson, P.E.Senior Consulting Engineer

TRC Environmental Corporation

Drawbacks of Learning by Trial and Error…

Drivers for Pond Closure

Regulatory requirements Plant retirements Changes to facility operations Environmental liability management Political/social pressures

Regulatory Requirements

EPA has agreed to take final action on Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) by December 19, 2014

Revised RCRA Subtitle “D” standards are the most likely outcome

Likely to be implemented at state level Closure also affected by Effluent Limitation Guidelines (ELGs)

Recent developments may influence outcome Final rule likely to be litigated

Regulatory Requirements – Ash Ponds

Anticipated RCRA Subtitle “D” requirements: Rule effective 6 months after promulgation Ponds not meeting liner requirements must stop accepting waste within 5 years of finalization of rules Groundwater monitoring required within 1 year after effective date Ponds must be closed within 2 years of last receiving waste

Strategy

Mapping out a strategic plan must consider the questions: Close now or later? Future end use of property? Close in‐place or remove the residuals? What are the costs?

Strategy

A Generic Decision Matrix

Strategy – Close Now or Later?

Dictated by:  Regulatory framework and its timing Short and long‐term risk profile Retiring plant or continuing to operate Changes to facility operating requirements (e.g. wet ash v. dry ash handling) Costs and funding

Strategy – Close Now or Later?

Closure schedule affected by: Regulatory requirements/deadlines Future site use Pond size Ash pond assessment and preparation of design and bid package Regulatory approvals

Strategy – Future End Use of Property?

Retiring plants need to clearly define Prime redevelopment locations may require stricter clean‐up Site specific conditions (e.g., wetlands) Ash geotechnical properties

Strategy – Close In‐place or Remove the Residuals?

Viable market for pond material? Long‐term obligations? Long‐term environmental liabilities? Future land use? Sufficient on‐site borrow material? Construct on‐site landfill? Staffing demands/outside resources? Political/social pressures? Cost?

Need a Plan and Schedule

Risk Considerations

Planning for potential risks and liabilities: Geotechnical evaluation Environmental assessment (including risk assessment) Social/political analysis Landfill/pond closure design Permitting Construction engineering

Groundwater Investigation/Remedial Options

Groundwater Investigation– Likely required to ascertain environmental impact of existing unlined 

ponds– Investigation plan should take into account

Point of compliance Constituents of concern Well placement Well construction Sampling protocol Quality assurance/quality control Background conditions

Remedial Options– Evaluate as warranted– Incorporate into closure plan

Closure Considerations

Pond size Dewatering requirements/methods Final use considerations Remediation integration Constructability concerns Health and safety Site configuration constraints Long‐term maintenance 

Pond Closure – Health and Safety

Dust control and monitoring

In‐place Closure 

Pros: Generally less expensive than relocation to a lined landfill Approach keeps haul vehicles off of public roads and highways Proximate to existing facilities If space‐constrained, can be used as landfill base

In‐place Closure 

Cons: Perceived “unknowns” in the final storage conditions

Increased social/political opposition to in‐place closure, especially in environmentally sensitive areas

In‐place Closure

May not be feasible in an environmentally sensitive or recreational area

In‐place Closure Solutions

In‐place Closure Solutions

In‐place Closure Solutions

Pond Closure – Final Use Considerations

Solar farm

Closure by Removal Considerations

Beneficial reuse Disposal in off‐site Subtitle “D” landfill Disposal in on‐site Subtitle “D” landfill Consolidation with ash in existing lined pond

Closure by Removal

Beneficial reuse opportunities: Engineered fill*

Stabilized road base Concrete admixture Other

* Pending EPA ruling

Removal of Residuals 

Beneficial reuse as a road construction material

Closure by Removal

Closure by Removal

Closure by Removal

Closure by Removal– Final Use Considerations

Closure by Removal

Ash dewatering using geotubes

Pond Closure ‐ Constructability

Slope stability

Pond Closure ‐ Constructability

Ash liquefaction

Construction costs

Ash volumes–actual conditions v. designed Moisture content – don’t pay to haul water Haul distances – keep them short Double handling of material Synthetic construction materials Long‐term monitoring On‐site landfill v. off‐site commercial landfill Leachate management

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