are you prepared to close your ash ponds?

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Are You Prepared to Close Your Ash Ponds? R. Kent Nilsson, P.E. Senior Consulting Engineer TRC Environmental Corporation

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In a presentation at the EUCI Coal Combustion Residuals: Wet to Dry Conversions and Management Conference, TRC's Kent Nilsson explained how to prepare a robust strategic plan to support a successful and cost efficient coal ash pond closure.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Are You Prepared to Close Your Ash Ponds?

R. Kent Nilsson, P.E.Senior Consulting Engineer

TRC Environmental Corporation

Page 2: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Drawbacks of Learning by Trial and Error…

Page 3: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Drivers for Pond Closure

Regulatory requirements Plant retirements Changes to facility operations Environmental liability management Political/social pressures

Page 4: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Regulatory Requirements

EPA has agreed to take final action on Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) by December 19, 2014

Revised RCRA Subtitle “D” standards are the most likely outcome

Likely to be implemented at state level Closure also affected by Effluent Limitation Guidelines (ELGs)

Recent developments may influence outcome Final rule likely to be litigated

Page 5: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Regulatory Requirements – Ash Ponds

Anticipated RCRA Subtitle “D” requirements: Rule effective 6 months after promulgation Ponds not meeting liner requirements must stop accepting waste within 5 years of finalization of rules Groundwater monitoring required within 1 year after effective date Ponds must be closed within 2 years of last receiving waste

Page 6: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Strategy

Mapping out a strategic plan must consider the questions: Close now or later? Future end use of property? Close in‐place or remove the residuals? What are the costs?

Page 7: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Strategy

A Generic Decision Matrix

Page 8: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Strategy – Close Now or Later?

Dictated by:  Regulatory framework and its timing Short and long‐term risk profile Retiring plant or continuing to operate Changes to facility operating requirements (e.g. wet ash v. dry ash handling) Costs and funding

Page 9: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Strategy – Close Now or Later?

Closure schedule affected by: Regulatory requirements/deadlines Future site use Pond size Ash pond assessment and preparation of design and bid package Regulatory approvals

Page 10: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Strategy – Future End Use of Property?

Retiring plants need to clearly define Prime redevelopment locations may require stricter clean‐up Site specific conditions (e.g., wetlands) Ash geotechnical properties

Page 11: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Strategy – Close In‐place or Remove the Residuals?

Viable market for pond material? Long‐term obligations? Long‐term environmental liabilities? Future land use? Sufficient on‐site borrow material? Construct on‐site landfill? Staffing demands/outside resources? Political/social pressures? Cost?

Page 12: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Need a Plan and Schedule

Page 13: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Risk Considerations

Planning for potential risks and liabilities: Geotechnical evaluation Environmental assessment (including risk assessment) Social/political analysis Landfill/pond closure design Permitting Construction engineering

Page 14: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Groundwater Investigation/Remedial Options

Groundwater Investigation– Likely required to ascertain environmental impact of existing unlined 

ponds– Investigation plan should take into account

Point of compliance Constituents of concern Well placement Well construction Sampling protocol Quality assurance/quality control Background conditions

Remedial Options– Evaluate as warranted– Incorporate into closure plan

Page 15: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Closure Considerations

Pond size Dewatering requirements/methods Final use considerations Remediation integration Constructability concerns Health and safety Site configuration constraints Long‐term maintenance 

Page 16: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Pond Closure – Health and Safety

Dust control and monitoring

Page 17: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

In‐place Closure 

Pros: Generally less expensive than relocation to a lined landfill Approach keeps haul vehicles off of public roads and highways Proximate to existing facilities If space‐constrained, can be used as landfill base

Page 18: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

In‐place Closure 

Cons: Perceived “unknowns” in the final storage conditions

Increased social/political opposition to in‐place closure, especially in environmentally sensitive areas

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In‐place Closure

May not be feasible in an environmentally sensitive or recreational area

Page 20: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

In‐place Closure Solutions

Page 21: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

In‐place Closure Solutions

Page 22: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

In‐place Closure Solutions

Page 23: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Pond Closure – Final Use Considerations

Solar farm

Page 24: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Closure by Removal Considerations

Beneficial reuse Disposal in off‐site Subtitle “D” landfill Disposal in on‐site Subtitle “D” landfill Consolidation with ash in existing lined pond

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Closure by Removal

Beneficial reuse opportunities: Engineered fill*

Stabilized road base Concrete admixture Other

* Pending EPA ruling

Page 26: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Removal of Residuals 

Beneficial reuse as a road construction material

Page 27: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Closure by Removal

Page 28: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Closure by Removal

Page 29: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Closure by Removal

Page 30: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Closure by Removal– Final Use Considerations

Page 31: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Closure by Removal

Ash dewatering using geotubes

Page 32: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Pond Closure ‐ Constructability

Slope stability

Page 33: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Pond Closure ‐ Constructability

Ash liquefaction

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Construction costs

Ash volumes–actual conditions v. designed Moisture content – don’t pay to haul water Haul distances – keep them short Double handling of material Synthetic construction materials Long‐term monitoring On‐site landfill v. off‐site commercial landfill Leachate management

Page 35: Are You Prepared to Close your Ash Ponds?

Questions/Comments?