architecture humanities

CHAPTER 9

Architecture

I. Definition of Architecture

“architectura” “arkitekton”

“master builder” “chief” or “leader”

“carpenter”

Architecture is the art of designing structures.

II. The Role of Architect

The architect is to be concerned with the following:1.Construction2.Articulation3.Aesthetics

Ernest Gardner. “The role of the architect is constantly evolving.”

III. Theory of Architecture

“A good building should satisfy the principles of firmitatis utilitatis venustatis.”

• DURABILITY – it should stand up robustly and remain in good condition.

• UTILITY – it should be useful; and function well for the people using it.

• BEAUTY – it should delight people, and raise their spirits.

Is this a work of an architecture?

“You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials

you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I

say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture.”

IV. Brief Historical Trace of Architecture

A. GREEK ARCHITECTURE

1. Cretan Period

2. Mycenaean Period

3. Classic Greek

CRETAN PERIOD

Palace of King Minos.

MYCENAEAN PERIOD

“cyclopean walls”

CLASSIC GREEK

“Sacred Rock” of Athens

B. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

Collosseum

Pantheon

Nimes

amphitheaters

C. BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE

Dome of St. Peter's Basilica

Hagia Sophia church

D. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE

E. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

F. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE

The Duomo, Florence

G. 19th CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

Manchester, Reform Club (former), King Street

H. CURRENT TRENDS

V. Modern Concepts of Architecture

“Though its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the

functional aspects that it has in common with other human

sciences (Nunzia Rondanini).”

“The values and attitudes which underly modern architecture differ

both between the schools of thoughts, which influence architecture and between

individual practicing architects (Ivar Holm).”

VI. Architectural Planning

Orientation Design

Fenestration Walls Color

Material and Techniques

VII. Types of Architecture According to Function

A. DOMESTIC

Houses

B. RECREATIONAL

“Sabungan”

C. COMMERCIAL

Sari-sari store Mall of Asia

D. RELIGIOUS

Chapel Cathedral

E. MILITARY OR DEFENSE

Lighthouse Watchtower

F. FACTORIES

VIII. Cultural Meaning of Architecture

“Architects help bring meaning to the material

world by shaping our understanding of where and

how we are (Geronimo Manahan).”

“Language of architecture in our cybernetic age,

besides using the language of classical architecture and

that of the modern architecture, looks at

interconnectedness and symbiosis (Geronimo

Manahan).”

IX. Challenges Confronting the Philippine Architecture

Jai Alai Building

Walls of Intramuros

St. Cecilia’s Hall

Museo Ilocos Norte in Laoag

X. Redefining the Boundaries of the Philippine Architecture

Alcazaren believes that the year 2000 was a benchmark year for the Philippine

Architecture.

Ninoy Aquino International Airport

Towers in our city