arc hydro: gis for water resources david r. maidment university of texas at austin arc hydro...
Post on 20-Dec-2015
214 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Arc Hydro: GIS for Water ResourcesDavid R. Maidment
University of Texas at Austin
• Arc Hydro– Culmination of a 3-yr effort
– GIS in Water Resources Consortium
– Customization of ArcGIS for water resources
– Arc Hydro toolset and application framework
GIS in Water Resources Consortium
Bringing together these two communities by using a common geospatial data model
http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr
GISWater
Resources
CRWR
Geodatabase
MS Access Oracle
SQL Server Informix
DB2
Feature
IFeature : IRowIFeature
IFeatureBuffer IFeatureBuffer : IRowBuffer
IFeatureDraw IFeatureDraw : IUnknown
ArcGIS Introduces
• A new geographic data model• A new geographic database
– Stored in an Relational Database (Geodatabase)
• ArcObjects– Component Object Model
(COM) objects that access geographic data
– Works like MS Word, Excel, Powerpoint, ….
Geodatabase Model
FeatureFeature Geographic ObjectGeographic ObjectRow in DBMS TableRow in DBMS Table
GeodatabaseGeodatabaseCollection of FeatureDataSetsCollection of FeatureDataSetsLike a workspaceLike a workspace
FeatureDataSetFeatureDataSetCollection of FeatureClassesCollection of FeatureClassesLike a CoverageLike a Coverage
FeatureClassFeatureClass Collection of FeaturesCollection of FeaturesLike a Coverage FeatureClassLike a Coverage FeatureClass
• Features are geographic objects stored in relational database tables
• Feature location is an attribute of type shape
– Point, Multipoint, Line, Polygon
– Attributes and geometry are stored together not in separate files as in Arc Info 7 and ArcView 3
Features
Feature Feature (row)(row)
ShapeOID
524 X,Y,Z,M, ...
StreamStream
Type
Channel
. . .
. . .
FeatureClass (table)FeatureClass (table)
Feature DataSets
• A holder for a set of feature classes having a common coordinate system and spatial extent
GeoDatabaseGeoDatabase
FeatureClassFeatureClass
Feature Feature (row)(row)
ShapeOID
524 X,Y,Z,M, ...
StreamStream
Type
Channel
. . .
. . .
FeatureClass (table)FeatureClass (table)
Object ClassObject Class
FeatureDatasetFeatureDataset
Extensible Data Model
StreamStream
BasinBasin
FeatureFeature
GageGageConfluenceConfluence
ComplexEdgeComplexEdgeSimpleJunctionSimpleJunction
NetworkFeatureNetworkFeature
JunctionFeatureJunctionFeatureEdgeFeatureEdgeFeature
RowRow
MeasurementMeasurement
What is Arc Hydro?
• An data infrastructure for storing and integrating hydro data within ArcGIS– A set of hydro objects built on top of
ArcObjects– A set of standardized attributes– A vocabulary for describing data (glossary)– A toolset for implementing the data model
Flow
Time
Time Series
Hydrography
Hydro Network
Channel System
Drainage System
Arc Hydro Components
Arc Hydro Data Model
Hydrography Hydrology
Streams
Drainage Areas
Hydrography
Channels
Terrain Surfaces
Rainfall Response
Digital Orthophotos
Data Model Based on Inventory
Data Model Based on BehaviorFollow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.
Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model
Relationships betweenobjects linked by tracing pathof water movement
• Arc Hydro Framework dataset for USA at 1:500,000 scale
• Built from USGS and National Weather Service data
• MonitoringPoints are USGS stream gaging stations
Arc Hydro USA
Streams
Watersheds Waterbody
Monitoring Points
Arc Hydro Framework Input Data
!(
!(
!(!(
!( !(!( !(!( !(!(
!(!(
!(!(
!(!( !(!( !(
!( !(
!( !(!(!( !(!(
!(
!(
!(
!( !(!(!( !(
!(!(
!(!( !(!(!( !( !(!(!( !(!(
!( !(!(!( !(!(
!(!(
!(!(!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(!(
!(
Feature
Waterbody
HydroIDHydroCodeFTypeNameAreaSqKmJunctionID
HydroPoint
HydroIDHydroCodeFTypeNameJunctionID
Watershed
HydroIDHydroCodeDrainIDAreaSqKmJunctionIDNextDownID
ComplexEdgeFeature
EdgeType
Flowline
Shoreline
HydroEdge
HydroIDHydroCodeReachCodeNameLengthKmLengthDownFlowDirFTypeEdgeTypeEnabled
SimpleJunctionFeature
1HydroJunction
HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole
*
1
*
HydroNetwork
*
HydroJunction
HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole
HydroJunction
HydroIDHydroCodeNextDownIDLengthDownDrainAreaFTypeEnabledAncillaryRole
Arc Hydro Framework
Arc Hydro Framework Dataset for the Guadalupe Basin
HydroNetwork through Canyon Lake
Generic Junction (for topological connection of edges)
Flowlines through water body
HydroJunction has Waterbody Relationship
National Hydro Data Programshttp://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/nhdconf/nationalhydro.html
National Elevation Dataset (NED)
National Hydrography Dataset(NHD)
Watershed Boundary DatasetElevation Derivatives forNational Application (EDNA)
Hydrologic Cataloging Units (HUCS)
Guadalupe Basin(4 HUC’s)
Hydrologic Unit Code = 12100203
• 2015 HUC’s cover continental US• average area ~ 1 county
NWS forecast Watersheds(flooding)
EPA TMDL Segments(water quality)
TNRCC water availability points(water supply)
GuadalupeHydroNetwork
Watersheds of the Guadalupe Basin
Regional Analysis
HydroNetwork to provide connectivity of flow through large regions
Digital elevation modelfor terrain analysis withinbasins
Scales of representation of Drainage Systems
Basins – drainage areas for water resources management
Catchments – subdivision of Basin into elementary drainage areas by physical rules
Digital Elevation Model – land surface terrain grid cells
Watersheds – subdivision of Basinfor a particular hydrologic purpose
Catchments, DrainageLines and DrainagePoints
Catchments Subdivided at Watershed Outlet
EDNA Catchments
Average area = 7.5 km2
Designed for remapping of Nexraddata onto drainage units
TSDateTime
FeatureID
TSType
TSValue
Arc Hydro Time Series Object
National Water Information System
Web access to USGS water resources data
Arc Hydro NWIS dataretrieval tool
HydroID and HydroCode
Retrieving NWIS Data
• Select Gage Layer
• Enter Period of Record
Streamflow Time Series
Arc Hydro Time Series Table
Time Series Extracted to Excel(In Excel, use Data/Get External Data to query Geodatabase)
Geodatabase view
Excel view
HRAP Cells for Nexrad Data
Average area = 14.5 km2
Coupling Spatial and Temporal Data
1 hour Nexrad Rainfallon the Guadalupe Basin
October 13, 2001
Water Balance in the Landscape
Atmospheric Water
Soil Water Surface Water
Groundwater
Precipitation
Evaporation
Runoff
Recharge
Baseflow
EDNA Catchments
Average area = 7.5 km2
Intersection of Nexrad and Catchments
Atmospheric Water
Soil Water Surface Water
Surface Water Balance
Modflow Groundwater Cells
Average area = 2.6 km2
Modflow Model of theEdwards-Trinity
aquifer
Intersection of Nexrad and Modflow Cells
Atmospheric Water
Groundwater
Groundwater Balance
Intersection of Nexrad, Catchments and Modflow
Atmospheric Water
Soil Water Surface Water
Groundwater
What software do you need?
• ArcView 8.2 – Viewing, querying existing geodatabases– Editing feature classes and adding data
• Spatial Analyst for ArcGIS– To operate the raster tools in Arc Hydro
• ArcInfo 8.2– To build geometric networks and create new
relationships
Arc Hydro Tools Version 1.0
• Raster processing– DEM processing
– Watershed delineation
• Vector processing– Arc Hydro attributes
– Network analysis
• Time Series and Application Utilities
• Buttons
Hydrologic Information System
Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making
Arc Hydro Geodatabase
top related